Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Medicina
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Abordaje sobre migraña. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Alvarez Naspud, Nathaly Mariana; Torres Criollo, Larry Miguel; 0302198957; ., .Introduction: Migraine is part of the primary headaches; it is a disease that causes functional limitations. Due to the pain caused by the crisis, the diagnosis is only clinical, determined by the physician through clinical history; the treatment should be individualized, which means it differs from one patient to another. Objective: To analyze the information on migraines via a systematic review, considering diagnostic criteria, treatment, and complications. Method: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guide; information was obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, SciELO, and Redalyc databases; articles were selected based on the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, considering Q1 - Q4 quartiles, in addition to Oxford evidence levels and according to methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Results: Once analyzing the scientific articles, it is established that palpitations occur in 56.6%, being the primary extracranial autonomic symptom that precedes migraine patients. Triptans are the preferred treatment choice, with sumatriptan estimated as the first-line drug. Migraine with aura exposes patients to migrainous infarction, the most frequent complication of this condition.Ítem Acceso Abierto Actualización científica obstrucción de la vía aérea por cuerpo extraño - OVACE. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Urgilés Rodríguez, Rafael Leonardo; Barzallo Ochoa, Tania Pamela; 0302617121; ., .Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO) is a pediatric emergency characterized by the accidental penetration of an organic or inorganic object into the tracheobronchial tree, which can cause dyspnea, severe hypoxia, cardiorespiratory arrest, and death. Objective: To provide a scientific update on FB airway obstruction through a systematic review with high statistical power. Method: An exhaustive exploration of the plasma systematic review was performed, which is a descriptive, explanatory, and longitudinal research, based on the PRISMA statement, to identify several academic articles of scientific importance. Results: It is a childhood emergency, mainly in boys, with a percentage of 61.97, and 69.02% in children under five. The focused therapeutic management was the use of Magill clamp or intubation (74.64%-53 cases), bronchoscopy (14.1%-10 cases), laparoscopic surgery (1.41%-1 cases), and expectant management (9.85%-7 cases). These figures come from 71 cases that capture 100% of pediatric patients with FBAO who attended this center between 2017 and 2021. Conclusion: Aspiration of foreign bodies has been cataloged as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Among the most common foreign bodies in bronchoaspiration, are fruits, grains, candy, meat, and bones. In terms of diagnosis, the first choice is a chest X-ray to determine the type and location of the foreign body, and based on this, the appropriate treatment is determined.Ítem Acceso Abierto “ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LAS COMPLICACIONES POSTQUIRÚRGICAS EN CIRUGÍA MÍNIMAMENTE INVASIVA EN GINECOLOGÍA. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Rentería Rengel, Kevin Ricardo; Gallegos Vintimilla, Santiago Homero; 1104223001; ., .Introduction: Over the years, new surgical techniques have been developed to reduce mortality and complications, which are related to the complexity of the surgery to be performed; for this circumstance, laparoscopic surgery was designed since it does not have a significant rate of complications it does not have the importance at the time of diagnosis and postoperative treatment. Objective: To analyze postoperative complications in minimally invasive surgery in gynecology through a bibliographic review. Methodology: A bibliographic review of scientific information published in the last five years was conducted. This research included scientific articles published in English and Spanish, degree works, clinical trials, and systematic and bibliographic reviews. Documents were selected from reliable sources related to the proposed topic. Results: Thirty- five scientific articles were reviewed from the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Elsevier, SciELO, and PubMed; nine articles were excluded, one for having incomplete information, two repeated articles, and six articles that were published more than five years ago.Ítem Acceso Abierto Actualización de neuralgia del trigémino. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Jimmy Javier, Molina Verdugo; Torres Criollo, Larry Miguel; 0302893086; ., .Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a pathology characterized by intense unilateral facial pain and commonly affecting the maxillary and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve. Its multifactorial etiology makes identifying more current and effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods essential. Objective: To identify trigeminal neuralgia's updated clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 declaration, based on the literature available in data portals "PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, Elsevier, and Google Scholar" from the last five years, including a bibliography between the Q1-Q4 quartiles reflecting the impact index of each journal and evidence levels classified by the Oxford scale. Results: A database was generated by searching and screening the scientific bibliography to provide quality information and thus achieve a proper identification and treatment of the disease. Conclusions: After reviewing the articles, it was concluded that the primary etiology is idiopathic. The diagnosis is clinical according to Headache Disorders Classification criteria in its third edition and three-dimensional T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of nerve structures; some therapeutic options exist, the carbamazepine considered the first-line pharmacological treatment and the microvascular decompression surgical therapy as an option in cases of low tolerance.Ítem Acceso Abierto Actualización del diagnóstico y manejo de la rinitis alérgica en pacientes pediátricos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Molina Cevallos, Erika Gabriela; Quevedo Crespo, María José; 0921698254; ., .Allergic rhinitis is a common disease in children and adolescents. It presents a prevalence of 8% to 15% in the child population worldwide (1) Objective. This work aims to inform about the different diagnostic methods and therapeutics used in this pathology in pediatric patients. Method. It is a bibliographic review of non-experimental documentary design based on PRISMA guidelines. For this research, a compilation of different scientific articles and systematic reviews was conducted, consulting high-impact databases, such as PubMed and SciELO. The search was limited to articles published in the last five years in Spanish and English. Results: Thirty-one articles were reviewed, and 26 were selected for relevance. Five articles were excluded, as four had a publication date older than five years, and one had incomplete information. The key elements for diagnosing allergic rhinitis include an adequate anamnesis and a proper physical examination. The treatment of allergic rhinitis is pharmacological (antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, among others) and non-pharmacological (avoiding contact with allergens). Conclusions. Allergic rhinitis involves inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It is essential for medical professionals to diagnose, treat, and follow up ith patients appropriately to improve their quality of life and those around them.Ítem Acceso Abierto Actualización del diagnóstico y manejo del síndrome compartimental abdominal. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Saldarriaga Basurto, Bryan Stalin; Rodas Andrade, Jorge Roberto; 1314637297; ., .Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) is defined as when two or more anatomical segments exhibit persistent intra-abdominal pressures (IAP) >20mmHg, associated with organ failure. Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and ACS occur more frequently in patients with high morbidity and mortality rates. Continuous monitoring of critically ill patients, both medical and surgical, facilitates early diagnosis and appropriate ACS treatment. The detection of ACS involves measuring IAP, which can be done indirectly or directly, and the choice of medical or surgical treatment is based on each patient's needs. Objective: To describe the updated diagnosis and management of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Methodology: A review of the diagnosis and management of ACS was conducted through a descriptive, retrospective, qualitative approach based on scientific articles published in the last five years in Spanish, Portuguese, and English in databases such as SciELO, Science, PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, ProQuest. Results: After analyzing articles on the topic, 45 studies were obtained, followed by exclusion and inclusion methods, resulting in 30 papers for this systematization. Conclusion: The diagnosis of ACS requires the measurement of IAP, with the intravesical catheter being the gold standard. The management of ACS should be stepwise, ranging from conservative medical treatment to a surgical procedure, without needing to be mutually exclusive.Ítem Acceso Abierto Actualización del tratamiento en pacientes con Síndrome de Meniere. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Zambrano Párraga, Enma Jaqueline; Pérez Ramírez, Jacinto Eugenio; 1316577335; ., .Meniere's syndrome is an inner ear disease characterized by recurrent rotatory sensorineural vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss. Several pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic options must be individualized to improve patients' quality of life. Objective: To analyze the therapeutic options for Meniere's Syndrome treatment. Methodology: This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Treatment is based on reducing the intensity of the symptoms and consists of implementing hygienic-dietary measures such as restricting salt and caffeine, managing stress, and rest. Medication such as betahistine or diuretics is often associated with controlling inner ear pressure. In refractory cases, treatment can be alternating with intratympanic medicines; in the most severe cases in which pharmacological treatment does not work, different types of surgical interventions can be considered to alleviate vertiginous crises. Conclusions: It was possible to focus the treatment on modifying the patients' lifestyle; this involves reducing salt intake and avoiding caffeine, sugar, and alcohol. Physical exercise, sleep, and stress management also play a fundamental role. The most commonly used drugs to prevent vertigo attacks in Meniere's disease are diuretics and/or betahistine.Ítem Acceso Abierto Actualización en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome de Hellp(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Cordero Verdugo, Christofer Renato; Pérez Ramírez, Jacinto Eugenio; 0302707088; ., .Hellp syndrome (HS) is a complication during pregnancy, usually derived from preeclampsia and eclampsia. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and thrombocytopenia characterize this complication. According to the Ministry of Public Health, 3 out of every 1000 pregnant women in Ecuador have this condition. This syndrome is represented by abdominal discomfort at the epigastrium level and in the right upper quadrant, and other symptoms are nausea leading to vomiting. This study aimed to perform a bibliographic review on Hellp Syndrome focused on diagnosis and treatment; for this, a reviewer conducted bibliographic research in digital databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, EMBASE, Scopus, ResearchGate, Crossref, Sinergia, UptoDate, Reciamuc, and Google Scholar. The scientific articles, systematic reviews, bibliographic journals, and controlled trials were nationally and internationally updated and were published in the last five years, from January 2018 to December 2022.Ítem Acceso Abierto Actualización en Sepsis Neonatal Tardía. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Molina Gonzáles, Karla Alejandra; Quevedo Crespo, María José; 0401585575; ., .Abstract: Late-onset sepsis in newborns represents an important event in the overall morbimortality in neonatal patients, especially in preterm and low and very low birth weight neonates. Late neonatal sepsis affects newborns after 72 hours of life and until the end of the neonatal period; the clinical manifestations are varied and nonspecific. The gold standard test for its diagnosis is the culture of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other focus of infection, and treatment is based on extended-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Objective: To conduct descriptive research by compiling current scientific articles of the last five years on late neonatal sepsis, advances, and innovations in its identification and clinical management. Methodology: Systematic review of non-experimental documentary design at descriptive level following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Thirty-four articles were reviewed; 25 matched the inclusion criteria; two papers were payable, so they could not be accessed; and seven articles were published over five years ago. Conclusions: Late neonatal sepsis is a severe infection that requires high clinical suspicion and appropriate management. Healthcare providers should pay close attention to the signs and symptoms of this disease and apply the necessary preventive policies to care for neonates' short- and long-term health and well-being.Ítem Solo Metadatos Alteraciones hematologicas por Sars Cov-2(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Blacio Reyes, Santiago Adrian; Peñaherrera Lozada, Cristina Elizabeth; 0705638310; ., .COVID-19 disease has spread worldwide, causing millions of infections and deaths. Despite affecting mainly the respiratory system, recent investigations have shown that hematological alterations are a substantial part of the pathophysiology of the infection and the diagnosis. Objective: To know the main hematological alterations caused by SARS-COV-2. Methodology: This systematic review was conducted by the PRISMA statement. Searches were performed until January 31, 2023. The author evaluated the abstracts and titles of each article for selection and inclusion. Results: Complete blood count and coagulation parameters ─of patients with COVID- 19 and in serious condition, admitted to the intensive care unit, with respiratory distress syndrome and death─ were compared. Lower lymphocyte and platelet values (P ≤ 0.04), leukocytosis (P ≤ 0.039), and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P <0.001) were related to severity; elevated D-dimer correlated with severity, death, and risk of thromboembolism (P <0.0001). The most frequent complications were thrombotic, similarly manifested in patients with long COVID. Conclusions: Certain markers were identified that might be useful for risk stratification to predict patients with severe or fatal COVID-19. Therefore, in hospitalized patients, it would be appropriate to monitor both blood biometry and coagulation, which can help to predict the severity and risk of venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism.Ítem Acceso Abierto Alternativas para el manejo farmacológico de la diabetes mellitus tipo II, en pacientes adultos con inadecuada respuesta a la monoterapia. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) García Herrera, Carlos Andrés; Calle Gutiérrez, María Silvana; 0302302864; ., .Background: Diabetes Mellitus control involves pharmacological measures, mainly based on monotherapy, that often do not meet the proposed objectives; therefore, multiple therapies are often necessary after monotherapy failure. General objective: To analyze the evidence of pharmacological management alternatives for Diabetes Mellitus Type II in adult patients with inadequate response to monotherapy to establish an informed criterion on using alternative therapies versus monotherapy. Methods: A systematic and qualitative review study was conducted through the PRISMA method. Results: It was evidenced that GLP-1 analog usage as an adjunct to metformin was associated with a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. The study by Handelsman et al. (2019) in patients who had consumed metformin, revealed a decrease in HbA1c when applying the triple therapy of Dapagliflozin plus Saxagliptin and Metformin compared to the one based on Sitagliptin plus Metformin, with a reduction of -1.41 ± 0.007 % versus -1.07 ± 0.07 % respectively. Conclusions: Multiple therapies are necessary for controlling Diabetes Mellitus, and using GLP-1 analogs as part of this therapy was associated with greater therapeutic safety and better glycemic results.Ítem Acceso Abierto Ansiedad depresión en las personas que sobreviven al Covid 19(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Flores Ortiz, Lourdes Patricia; Malavé Pérez, Yolanda María; 0302705777; ., .Covid 19 is an infectious disease that causes acute respiratory syndrome in human beings. The lack of knowledge and uncertainty surrounding the attention and care of infected patients influenced this epidemiological outbreak to become a worldwide pandemic with a high mortality rate. Continuous advances in the health field have made it possible to control the spread of the virus, allowing a more significant number of people to survive. However, this population group is prone to suffer from specific psychiatric sequelae such as anxiety and depression. Methodology: The present research is a systematic review conducted under a qualitative approach, with the analysis of scientific articles obtained from different sources of information duly referenced using the Mendeley Data Manager. Results: Anxiety and depression are recognized as the main psychiatric alterations presented by people infected with Covid 19 and are presented acutely months after a person has overcome the disease, evidencing considerable psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusion: Among the factors associated with the appearance of anxiety and depression in healed Covid-19 patients are the socioeconomic level of the recovered person, age, sex, intrafamily conflicts, fear of a new infection, not being able to recuperate fully, and social isolation.Ítem Acceso Abierto Apendicectomía Laparoscópica frente Apendicectomía convencional: Ventajas y Desventajas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2020) Ordoñez Criollo, Lilia Eliana; Rojas Chica, Rubén Darío; 0706453305; ., .ANTECEDENTES La apendicitis aguda es motivo de intervención quirúrgica frecuentemente, está definida como la inflamación aguda del apéndice cecal que afecta todas las capas del órgano. Existen dos técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de la misma: La Apendicectomía Laparoscópica y Apendicectomía Convencional. OBJETIVO: Exponer las ventajas y desventajas de la apendicectomía laparoscópica, frente a la apendicectomía convencional. METODOLOGÍA: Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos, revisiones sistemáticas, sociedades científicas y documentos. Exploración en: Google Académico, Cochrane, Scielo, Medline, biblioteca virtual de salud y PubMed de títulos y guías relacionados con el tema. Criterios de inclusión: documentos en español o inglés, con 5 años o menos de publicados. Se usaron las herramientas Zotero y Mendeley, para organización de información. Se analizaron aplicando mapa de proximidad de textos encontrados. Exponiendo sus aparatos temáticos ideas fundamentales y conceptos básicos. Casi la totalidad de artículos muestreados, mencionan que aún existen controversias sobre ventajas y desventajas de la Apendicectomía laparoscópica respecto a la convencional. Y dentro de ventajas de la Apendicectomía laparoscópica indican: menor posibilidades de complicaciones del paciente (disminuye problemas infecciosos en la herida, además menores tasas de abscesos intraabdominales), menor tiempo recuperandose el operado para regreso a sus actividades normales y menor tiempo de estancia hospitalario frente a apendicetomía convencional. Como desventaja de apendicectomía laparoscópica señalan mayor tiempo quirúrgico y costos. CONCLUSIONES: La investigación representa un medio de consulta y preparación para la población, profesionales de salud y estudiantes de ciencias médicas y base para futuras investigaciones del tema.Ítem Acceso Abierto Asistencia al control prenatal como factor predictor de bajo peso al nacer. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Sacta Rivera, Dayana Estefania; Pérez Ramírez, Jacinto Eugenio; 0302974027; ., .Background: Assisting with quality prenatal care reduces the chances of having neonates with low birth weight (LBW), whereas non-attendance or attendance at fewer than four visits relatively increases the incidence of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Objective: To correlate prenatal care attendance as a predictor of low birth weight. Methodology: It was a bibliographic review of articles, clinical practice guidelines, and documented systematic investigations of scientific databases in the last five years in Spanish and English, such as PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, Uptodate, and Google Scholar based on the PRISMA 2020 declaration criteria. Results: Twenty-four articles were analyzed to determine the importance of prenatal care at the first level, risk factors associated with LBW, and its complications. Discussion: Prenatal care is a fundamental pillar of maternal-fetal well-being based on risk identification, health promotion, education, and therapeutic intervention to prevent maternal and neonatal complications. LBW is associated with the mother's and the fetus's biological, psychological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Early and late consequences of LBW include neurological and respiratory disorders, such as pulmonary immaturity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and long-term comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type II.Ítem Acceso Abierto Autocuidado de pie diabético en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Calle Ortiz, Diana Mercedes; Devia Solis, Nury Lissie; 0350148839; ., .Background: The present investigation aims to identify diabetic foot self-care practices in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their relationship with age, sex, and years of disease evolution. Methods: PRISMA 2020 methodology was used; studies were conducted in patients diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, aged between 18 and ~70 years. Data collection instruments were validated and standardized and reflected self-care practices for feet. The studies were published in the last five years in Spanish or English language. Information was obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Redalyc. Results: The average age was 50.03 years; 53.9% were women, 46.1 % were men, and 63.71% of the patients had diabetes> 5 years. On average, 63% checked their feet, 82.57% washed their feet daily and 60.76% dried between toes, 40.77% did not use moisturizing skin creams, and 60.64% cut their nails correctly. Dlscussion: The level of self-care of the feet is intermediate despite having the disease for more than five years. Most patients do not check their feet daily; using inadequate footwear, wearing shoes without socks, or walking barefoot inside the house are standard practices in Asian and African patients. A limitation of the present review was the lack of articles from other regions of the world.Ítem Acceso Abierto Automedicación y factores asociados en América Latina. Revisión Bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Muñoz García, Belén Lissbeth; Heredia Cabrera, Gina Catalina; 0104752944; ., .Introduction: Self-medication is the autonomous decision of a person to take medication without a doctor's prescription for a particular ailment. In Latin America, self-medication is usual and not very responsible. It is associated with the consumption of medications and may cause adverse effects, decrease the medication’s effectiveness of and increase antibiotic resistance. Objective: To describe the main characteristics of self-medication and associated factors in Latin America by reviewing updated information of high scientific relevance. Methodology: This literature review type of research included articles published in the last five years of different methodological designs. Electronic databases were used to search for scientific articles, bibliographic managers were used to organize the information, the extraction of information was individualized for each article, and a bibliographic search matrix was used, including the articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence of self-medication identified in Latin America ranged from 42% to 88.3%, and the main medications were mainly NSAIDs and antibiotics, among others. The main factors associated with the studies included in this research were educational level, lack of health coverage, and male sex, among others. Conclusions: Studies carried out in Latin America identified a high prevalence of self-medication, and several drugs were the most commonly consumed. Male sex, age over 45 years, primary education, and lower-than-average income revealed a significant relationship with self-medication in most studies analyzed.Ítem Acceso Abierto Biomarcadores sanguíneos determinantes de Síndrome de Coronario Agudo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) López Altamirano, Christopher Jhonatan; Ulloa Castro, Adriana Fernanda; 03050143829; ., .Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome is a pathology spread worldwide; it is considered one of the ten main causes of morbidity and mortality, which is an extremely worrying fact. It is important to diagnose ACS in a short period, based on clinical, EKG and blood biomarkers that help in confirming symptoms and provide appropriate treatment, thereby improving the chances to survive. Objective: To determine the significance of blood biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Methodology: We searched several scientific platforms with recognized academic credibility, such as NCBI, Medscape, UptoDate, JAMA, etc. Bibliographical resources comparing blood-derived cardiac biomarkers and their effectiveness had been used. Results: according to data gathered, the most effective and widely used biomarker worldwide remains the troponins, although the ultra-sensitive troponins (hscTnT and hscTnI) have shown greater effectiveness compared to conventional troponins (Tnl and TnT) in detecting ACS. The cMybp-C was shown to have the same efficacy as hs-cTnT but greater than hs-cTnI and conventional troponins. Conclusions: Troporuns are still at present still the heart biomarkers of election for their low cost and high accuracy, availability and high level of specificity. Ultra-sensitive troponin demonstrated greater efficacy in diagnosing ACS compared to conventional troponins, which are not widely used nationwide. According to studies, cMybp-C showed similar effectiveness to hs-cTnT and higher than hs-cTnI and conventional troponins.Ítem Solo Metadatos Bolsa de Bogotá para manejo abdominal abierto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Reyes Novillo, Karla María; Rojas Chica, Rubén Dario; 0302681978; ., .Objective: To evaluate the current recommendation of the surgical technique with Bogota Bag to treat and/or avoid the progression to Abdominal Compartment Syndrome; the product of trauma, sepsis, among others, through a review of scientific literature. Material and methods: According to the research problem and the objectives outlined in this literature review, descriptive and retrospective research was conducted, using information retrieval from scientific societies, devoted to the study of Open Abdominal Management, as well as systemic reviews and scientific articles. In addition to the use of case reports, undergraduate and graduate theses, meta-analysis, bibliographic documents where open abdominal management using the Bogota Bag technique were reported. Results: At the end of the review of some bibliographies, it was found that the Bogota bag technique is one of the most used in temporary abdominal closure; its use is predominantly in the male sex, and its indication is most frequently in the case of a septic abdomen. Conclusions: This technique has presented a greater benefit when treating septic pathology; nevertheless, it presents complications due to its limitation of being able to control fluid loss, therefore certain authors reported cases with modification of the Bogota Bag obtaining better management and allowing a favorable evolution of the patient.Ítem Acceso Abierto Características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con tuberculosis. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Pino Arévalo, Mariana Lisbeth; Faicán Rocano, Pedro Fernando; 0302449988; ., .Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is considered an arrhythmia that originates in the upper part of the His-bundle. It represents more than 75% of supraventricular tachycardia episodes not associated with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome and can occur at any stage of life. Its values range between 150-250 bpm, characterized by sudden onset and abrupt termination. It is associated with different mechanisms, including increased automaticity and reentrant circuits in the atrioventricular junction. For this reason, it is essential to perform a correct anamnesis, evaluate the existing symptomatology, and provide an adequate interpretation of the electrocardiogram. In the absence of hemodynamic instability, vagal maneuvers are the first line of treatment, but various medications, electrical cardioversion, or catheter ablation are also used if necessary. Objective: To determine the management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in the emergency department according to its degree of severity. Methodology: A review of current and high-impact scientific literature was conducted using the PRISMA method, meeting the research objectives. Results: Ten studies were analyzed, of which three mentioned the effectiveness of both adenosine and calcium channel blockers, with a slight variation in adverse effects and drug cost. On the other hand, it was identified that the first-choice treatment is the modified Valsalva maneuvers.Ítem Solo Metadatos Características sociodemográficas y clínicas de la hiperplasia prostática benigna(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Lema Pérez, Zhirley Daniela; Pérez Ruiz, Ariadna; 0302008883; ., .According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is considered the most common benign tumor in men, defined as the enlargement of the prostate gland, has an overall incidence of 40% which varies according to risk factors, adequate control is necessary because a timely diagnosis influences the treatment, which should be an individualized and therapeutic approach to reduce the possible morbidity and mortality. General Objective: To describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics ofpatients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methodology: A descriptive, qualitative, prospective, longitudinal, prospective study was undertaken, focused on a bibliographic and systematic review including articles, practical guides from joumals such as Redalyc, Scielo, Cochrane. Use of Results: The results obtained will be used as a source of sustainable and synthesized information for subsequent use as a basis for more complex projects. Development: 68 articles were reviewed, with 52 elements for inclusion; 29 were excluded because they were not closely related to the specified criteria. Twenty-three articles met the established parameters. Conclusions: BPH is defined as the increase of smooth muscle and its transitional cells, the risk factors are age from 40 years, hormonal alterations, genetic factors, black race, obesity, among others, the clinic is related to the urination phase and obstructive and irritative symptomatology.
