Actualización científica obstrucción de la vía aérea por cuerpo extraño - OVACE. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO) is a pediatric emergency characterized by the accidental penetration of an organic or inorganic object into the tracheobronchial tree, which can cause dyspnea, severe hypoxia, cardiorespiratory arrest, and death. Objective: To provide a scientific update on FB airway obstruction through a systematic review with high statistical power. Method: An exhaustive exploration of the plasma systematic review was performed, which is a descriptive, explanatory, and longitudinal research, based on the PRISMA statement, to identify several academic articles of scientific importance. Results: It is a childhood emergency, mainly in boys, with a percentage of 61.97, and 69.02% in children under five. The focused therapeutic management was the use of Magill clamp or intubation (74.64%-53 cases), bronchoscopy (14.1%-10 cases), laparoscopic surgery (1.41%-1 cases), and expectant management (9.85%-7 cases). These figures come from 71 cases that capture 100% of pediatric patients with FBAO who attended this center between 2017 and 2021. Conclusion: Aspiration of foreign bodies has been cataloged as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Among the most common foreign bodies in bronchoaspiration, are fruits, grains, candy, meat, and bones. In terms of diagnosis, the first choice is a chest X-ray to determine the type and location of the foreign body, and based on this, the appropriate treatment is determined.