Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Medicina
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEtiología, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la resistencia a la insulina. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Coronel González, Carla Raquel; Calle Gutiérrez, María Silvana; 0302120050Background: Insulin resistance is a condition that causes an increase in blood glucose levels. Insulin was discovered in 1920 and is responsible for regulating serum glucose levels. Objective: To describe insulin resistance and explore its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment through a systematic review of scientific studies published in the last five years. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, and inductive research approach was conducted, complying with the characteristics of clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, longitudinal, and intervention studies in Spanish and English. Data were sourced from digital databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, and SciELO. Study selection, main findings extraction, and bias assessment were performed based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Twenty-five studies were included that met the criteria for analyzing the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of insulin resistance. Conclusions: Unhealthy habits and lifestyles represent 56% of the etiology; the most used diagnostic method is fasting glucose, with 32% due to its easy accessibility. Non-pharmacological measures are promoted for treatment in 68% of cases, indicating a high degree of alignment with current practices. Keywords: insulin resistance, etiology, diagnosis and treatment
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEficacia de la Liraglutida vs. Semaglutida en función a la pérdida de peso en adultos no diabéticos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Loyola Altamirano, Leslie Xiomara; Calle Gutiérrez, María Silvana; 0301972303Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist analogs not only have hypoglycemic effects but also promote weight loss. Recent studies have demonstrated their efficacy in achieving significant weight reduction at optimal therapeutic doses. This study compares the efficacy of Liraglutide and Semaglutide for weight loss in non-diabetic adults. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. This analytical, critical, and congruent study is based on scientific research published in leading academic databases, specifically PubMed and Scopus. Results: The study verified that GLP-1 agonists, particularly Liraglutide and Semaglutide, significantly enhance weight loss when combined with behavioral changes and physical exercise. Semaglutide 2.4 mg administered subcutaneously once weekly resulted in approximately 17% body weight reduction compared to up to 7% with Liraglutide 3.0 mg administered subcutaneously daily. Conclusions: It was concluded that among the GLP-1 agonists studied, Semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly is the most effective for weight loss and offers a more convenient weekly administration. Additionally, weight loss benefits should be combined with behavioral therapy and regular aerobic exercise to mitigate long-term rebound effects. Keywords: Weight loss, GLP-1 agonists, Liraglutide, Semaglutide, non-diabetics.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEtiología, Fisiopatología, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento del Hipotiroidismo en el Embarazo. Revisión Sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pulla Coronel, Cinthya Elizabeth; Flores Barrera, Germán Emilio; 0350148953Background: Gestational hypothyroidism is the second cause of endocrinological diseases; subclinical hypothyroidism manifests more frequently, but the clinical one presents greater complications. This research aims to support the best available evidence on hypothyroidism during pregnancy for diagnosis and timely management to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Methodology: This study was a qualitative systematic review based on grounded theory. Databases such as SciELO, PubMed, and Scopus were employed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria and keywords like Hypothyroidism and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) deficiency were considered. The results were recorded and tabulated in Excel and displayed in statistical charts. Results: Etiology of gestational hypothyroidism: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (41%), iodine deficiency (27%), drug-induced (23%); Pathophysiology: Increased iodine clearance and thyroxine-binding globulin; Diagnosis: selective screening (69%), universal (31%). Reference value: TSH greater than 2.5mIU/L (75%), higher than 4mIU/L (25%); Pharmacological treatment for clinical hypothyroidism (100%) and non-pharmacological therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism (86%). Discussion: The etiology coincides with the Ata results; the universal and selective screening diagnosis is controversial. Referential values should be established for each region and each gestational trimester, and treatment should be based on a targeted approach to avoid complications. Others: There is no financial support and no conflicts of interest. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, etiology of hypothyroidism, TSH deficiency.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoPrevalencia del virus del papiloma humano(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Siguenza Peñafiel, Gladys Salomé; Pérez Ramírez , Jacinto Eugenio; 0301987392Human Papillomavirus (HPV) represents one of the most common sexually transmitted infectious agents worldwide. The global prevalence of HPV has motivated intense research and efforts aimed at its prevention and control, highlighting the implementation of vaccination programs and screening strategies. Despite these efforts, HPV remains a significant public health concern, especially in regions with limited access to preventive health services and effective treatments. Objectives: This literature review aims to assess the prevalence of HPV using current research and analysis methods. Specific objectives are to investigate variations in HPV prevalence related to sociodemographic factors, to examine HPV detection and prevention strategies, including diagnostic and vaccination methods, and to contrast HPV prevalence rates and management strategies between different regions and worldwide. Methodology: An exhaustive methodology will be implemented based on a literature review. It will be guided by pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria, examining current, reliable, and relevant scientific sources. Expected Results: The ultimate purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview to improve the understanding of the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), promoting the adoption of best practices in identifying, managing, and preventing this infection. Keywords: Human papillomavirus, epidemiology, prevalence, prevention and control, vaccination
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoCausas de infertilidad femenina en la actualidad. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) García Cuenca, Daniela Nicole; Calle Gutiérrez , María Silvana; 0302043450Infertility is defined as the absence of pregnancy after twelve months of regular sex without contraceptive protection. Within the social context, the suffering, anguish, and despair that overwhelm couples unable to conceive have come to be considered a real problem faced by health professionals. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted with a retrospective qualitative approach based on searching information in digital databases of scientific articles and thesis of the last five years. Information that meets the characteristics of randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cohort observational studies in English and Spanish in digital databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, and SciELO was obtained. Results: Eighty articles were reviewed, and 25 were included in this study. Reliable information was gathered on the leading causes of female infertility according to geographic location and age range; the year of publication of articles was also considered. Conclusions: Finally, it is agreed that the primary cause of infertility has to do with ovulatory-hormonal factors. Keywords: Infertility, female infertility, causes, factors, types of infertility.
