Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Medicina
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de la terapia ocupacional y fisioterapia en pacientes con Parkinson: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Preciado Cerezo, Genesis Ivonne; Bravo Salinas, Sara Elizabeth; 0706703733Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by non-motor symptoms, which are the first to manifest. Initial treatment is pharmacological; however, the importance of an interdisciplinary approach that includes occupational therapy and physiotherapy to address motor impairments has been demonstrated. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of occupational therapy and physiotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methodology: The search was conducted using high-impact databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the SciELO electronic library. The PEDro scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the studies included in the systematic review. Results: Nineteen scientific articles were included. The most commonly reported motor symptoms were muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and bradykinesia. It was also observed that physiotherapy offers better efficacy, as it yielded better results. Occupational therapy alone did not evidence improvement; as it must be performed in conjunction with physiotherapy to observe greater benefits. Conclusions: Significant benefits were evidenced with the use of physiotherapy, and it will depend on the adherence time of the program to develop different physical activities, favoring the reduction of stiffness, bradykinesia, improving the patient's balance and gait, and promoting independence and safety when performing daily activities. Keywords: physiotherapy, Parkinson’s condition, motor symptoms, occupational therapyItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre el acné y la autoestima de adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Luis Cordero de la ciudad de Azogues - Ecuador, 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Pizarro Ulloa, Ana Martina; Ramírez Arévalo, Pamela Alexandra; González Zumba, Fabián Orlando; 0350178091; 0302645650Background: Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions in adolescents, with a prevalence ranging from 70% and 95%, and notable consequences for self-esteem and mental health. In Ecuador, it affects a substantial proportion of young people, although there is limited research on its psychosocial impact. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between acne and self-esteem in adolescents at Luis Cordero Educational Unit in Azogues, Ecuador. Methodology: A quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, non-experimental study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of 172 students. Acne severity was assessed using the Spanish Acne Severity Scale (EGAE, by its Spanish acronym) and self-esteem measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES, by its Spanish acronym). Data were analyzed with Chi-square tests, Student’s t-test, and ANOVA. Results: A total of 66.9% of adolescents had some degree of acne, with higher frequency in the 16- to 18-year-old group. No significant association was found between the presence of acne and overall self-esteem (p = 0.093). However, severe acne was significantly associated with low self-esteem (p = 0.009). Conclusions and Relevance: Although no general relationship between acne and self-esteem was observed, adolescents with severe forms showed lower self-esteem, suggesting that the impact depends on the severity of the condition. Other factors, such as socioeconomic status and resilience, may influence outcomes and should be included in future research. Keywords: acne, self-esteem, adolescence, prevalenceItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia y seguridad de la inmunoterapia a base del pembrolizumab en cáncer de pulmón estadio IIIB: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Alvarez Vazquez, Jorge Luis; Buenaño Rodríguez, Christian Eduardo; 0302391099Introduction: Worldwide, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a priority public health challenge due to its high mortality rate, particularly in advanced stages such as stage IIIB. Immunotherapy has emerged as an innovative alternative, with pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, being one of the most relevant drugs, aimed at prolonging survival and optimizing quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab as immunotherapy in patients with stage IIIB NSCLC. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies published between 2019 and 2025 in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were included, using descriptors related to NSCLC, stage IIIB, immunotherapy, and pembrolizumab. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, prioritizing clinical trials. Results: Ten clinical trials were selected, evaluating overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective tumor response. The most common adverse effects were fatigue, diarrhea, rash, and endocrine dysfunction. Serious events, such as pneumonitis or immune-mediated hepatitis, were uncommon and generally manageable. Conclusions: Pembrolizumab proves to be an effective and safe option for patients with stage IIIB NSCLC, consistently improving the most relevant clinical outcomes and maintaining a manageable toxicity profile. Its incorporation into multimodal regimens strengthens its role as a reference treatment in this context. Keywords: lung cancer, NSCLC, pembrolizumab, immunotherapyItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Quezada Matute, Eva Alexandra; Pauta Verdugo, Paula Victoria; Chango Criollo, Esteban Ismael; 0107281230; 0302891999Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con Parkinson tratados con levodopa. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Tenezaca Robles, Julio Adrian; Crespo Domínguez, Juan Sebastián; 0107038952BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders worldwide after Alzheimer’s disease, according to the WHO. It is characterized by muscle rigidity, tremors, and lack of coordination in various activities. It appears in the later stages of life and has a genetic predisposition. This pathology, like others, presents complications that affect different organs and systems. In this case, the various cardiovascular complications caused by the drugs of choice for treating this disease will be analyzed. These complications include hypotension, arrhythmias, precordial pain, so on. The dose at which the drug may become toxic will also be mentioned. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review study on cardiovascular complications in Parkinson’s patients treated with levodopa. METHODOLOGY: This research will employ a qualitative and quantitative approach developed through a systematic review. RESULTS: The data show that the most frequently occurring cardiovascular complication in the studies reviewed was orthostatic hypotension (49%), followed by arrhythmias (23%) and palpitations (19%), while precordial pain accounted for only 9%. These findings reflect a greater scientific interest in hemodynamic and cardiac rhythm alterations associated with Parkinson’s disease treated with levodopa. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the most frequent cardiovascular complications are related to autonomic dysfunction and electrical disturbances of the heart, with cerebral hypoperfusion and electrical conduction alterations being the most prominent pathophysiological mechanisms. Keywords: levodopa, Parkinson’s disease, carbidopa, cardiovascular, complicationsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Calidad de sueño y su relación con la obesidad: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Ramos Minga, Jennifer Solangge; Vergara Peralta, Gisella Estefanía; Calle Gutiérrez, María Silvana; 1900678341; 0302970348Background: Obesity is currently recognized as a global epidemic which, by 2024, will affect more than one billion individuals and is associated with multiple comorbidities. At the same time, poor sleep quality is emerging as a significant risk factor for this condition. Objective: To analyze the relationship between sleep quality and obesity through a systematic review of the current scientific literature. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PEO model, observational studies published in the last five years that focused on analyzing sleep quality and obesity were considered. The NIH, JBI, and Cochrane ROB-1 tools were used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies. Results: Twenty-five studies were identified that reported a consistent relationship between poor sleep quality and overweight or obesity in the 40-60 age group. The results indicate that most of the studies are of high quality, and that the risk of bias is between low and moderate. Conclusions: Sleep quality and persistence directly influence obesity risk, as both insufficient and excessive sleep, along with circadian rhythm disturbances, increase the likelihood of becoming overweight. Therefore, improving sleep habits and detecting sleep disorders early is essential for preventing and managing obesity and reducing its complications. Keywords: sleep quality, metabolic factors, obesityItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Abad Ordóñez, Jhuleidy Nathaly; Andrade Andrade, Karla Priscila; Garate Sanmartín, Andrés Edmundo; 0107228702; 0303013395Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de la inmunoterapia anti PD-1 pembrolizumab, para el cáncer de pulmón metastásico de células no pequeñas: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Jara Piña, Wilson Fernando; Buenaño Rodríguez, Christian Eduardo; 0107107294Background: Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy drug belonging to the class of immune checkpoint inhibitors. It has been used in several types of cancer, including non–small cell lung cancer, particularly in advanced stages. Objective: To characterize the efficacy of anti-PD-1 Pembrolizumab immunotherapy for non-small cell metastatic lung cancer. Methodology: A systematic review with a descriptive, comparative, and qualitative design was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The databases PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer Link were reviewed. Results: Ten studies were included, comprising a total sample of approximately 2,200 patients, with an average age of 65 years, mostly male. Pembrolizumab was mainly administered as a combination therapy, with positive results in terms of overall patient survival. However, the presence of adverse effects resulted in high rates and being omnipresent in all studies, as well as severe adverse effects. The most common were nausea, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea. Conclusions: The use of pembrolizumab demonstrated advantages over the other comparative drugs, although these were not statistically significant in all cases. The visible adverse effects were nausea, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea. Keywords: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, pulmonary neoplasms, immunosuppression therapyItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Mora Ochoa, Luis Fernando; Capote Llenares, Luis Fernando; 0705470847Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Manejo de la Constipación en Pacientes Pediátricos. Dieta versus Laxantes. Revisión Sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Chávez Loza, Michelle Elizabeth; Alomía Castro, Paúl Esteban; 0952499143Background: Pediatric constipation is a prevalent condition that significantly affects children’s quality of life, with prevalence rates ranging from 0.7% to 29.6% (1). It is treated with high-fiber diets and laxatives. Objective: To describe the effectiveness of constipation management, comparing non-pharmacological approaches with pharmacological treatments. Method: It is a qualitative-descriptive study. Studies published since 2019 were analyzed, using PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The focus was on children up to 14 years of age, prioritizing research with significant clinical outcomes, excluding reviews, opinions, and studies that were not focused on pediatric patients or lacked direct clinical relevance. Results: The research provides a detailed comparison of the efficacy and safety of these evidence-based therapeutic interventions for treating pediatric constipation. These findings provide healthcare professionals with updated, reliable, and scientific information, supporting improved clinical decision-making and effective management of this condition in children. Conclusions: The treatment of functional constipation in children is effective when using PEG 3350, which significantly improves stool frequency and consistency, and is well tolerated. Lactulose, although it responds more slowly, is safe and inexpensive. A high-fiber diet is essential for the long-term control of constipation, improving bowel regularity, and fostering healthy habits. Alternatives, such as green banana biomass and Rosa damascena, are also effective and well-accepted, providing additional options for pediatric management. Keywords: constipation, dietary fiber, laxatives, child healthItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Análisis y factores de riesgo asociados a la muerte fetal en el Ecuador según las zonas de planificación en el periodo 2018 – 2022(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Bastidas Farias, Carlos Fabian; Pesántez Montes, Juan Carlos; 1314514967Background: Fetal death is defined as the birth of a newborn without vital signs. Although it is declining, it remains prevalent in low-income countries. Objective: To analyze the risk factors and prevalence of fetal death in Ecuador according to planning zones in the period 2018–2022. Methodology: The research design was qualitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional cohort, correlational, and retrospective. Data collection was carried out using the INEC Open Data Bank, which provided a sample of 1,385,980 cases, including live births and stillbirths. All cases that did not present all the variables under study were excluded. Results: The final sample size was 1,181,351. Maternal factors associated with fetal death are: single marital status (P: 0.018; OR: 1.816; 95% CI 1.11, 2.972), black ethnicity (P: 0.001; OR: 2.537; 95% CI 1.497, 4.301), history of death (P: 0.000; OR: 2.492; 95% CI 2.295, 2.706) and inadequate prenatal checkups (P: 0.000; OR: 1.925; 95% CI 1.840, 2.015). Fetal characteristics associated with death included: male sex (P: 0.000; OR: 1.218; 95% CI 1.144, 1.297), extreme prematurity (P: 0.000; OR: 13.546; 95% CI 11.879, 15.448), and low birth weight (P: 0.000; OR: 10.96; 95% CI 10.009, 12.001). Conclusion: After the analysis, it is concluded that Ecuador also presents similar risk factors as other studies in other countries, with a notable decrease in fetal death as well as birth rates in recent years. Keywords: stillbirth, risk factor, fetal death.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa la Providencia. Azogues. Ecuador. 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Castro Verdugo, Ismael Alejandro; Ortiz González, Rosa Cumandá; Cantos Reyes, Claudia Keterine; 1719500132; 0303138911Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Características epidemiológicas de la Colelitiasis en el Ecuador. 2012 – 2022(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Duchi Valdez, Sergio Andrés; Espinoza Díaz, Cristóbal Ignasio; 0302729918Introduction: Cholelithiasis, characterized by the presence of gallstones, is one of the most prevalent digestive disorders and can lead to complications such as acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis. In Ecuador, it has received little attention in the medical and scientific fields. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of cholelithiasis in Ecuador during the 2012-2022 period. Methodology: Analytical, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study using secondary data from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC, by its Spanish acronym). The sociodemographic characteristics of patients and the geographic distribution of the disease were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: The prevalence increased from 19.74% in 2012 to 22.87% in 2022, with a decrease to 15.09% in 2020 attributed to the pandemic. Logistic regression showed that being female and aged 65 or older is associated with an increased risk of death. Higher mortality was also observed in patients treated in public institutions compared to private ones. Most cases were recorded in mestizo patients and in urban areas, highlighting the influence of sociodemographic factors. Conclusion: Women of working age and mestizos are the group most affected by cholelithiasis in Ecuador, with a higher incidence in urban areas and provinces such as Pichincha and Guayas. The increase in prevalence over the 11-year study period highlights the need to strengthen medical care in order to reduce this morbidity. Keywords: cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, gallstones, biliary lithiasis, epidemiologyItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de fractura de cadera en pacientes diabéticos: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Espinoza Espinoza, Nataly Renata; Marca Supliguicha, Julio David; Cardena Arizaga, Gabriela Lucía; 0350141131; 0106576812Introduction: The presence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus entails a series of complications extensively mentioned in the literature. One of them is the occurrence of fractures, which become more severe with increasing age. However, hip fracture specifically has been a subject of debate in the academic field. General objective: To analyze the relationship between the risk of hip fracture and diabetes mellitus in adult patients. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing approximately 30 articles from various health-related databases such as Springer Link, PubMed, UpToDate, Elsevier, among others. After applying different eligibility criteria and undergoing an extensive screening process according to the PRISMA 2020 model, 7 articles fully met the informational requirements of the research. Subsequently, a bias analysis was applied, reflecting a generally low risk. Results: The sample consisted of 96,083 patients with DM, with a mean age of 73.9 years, approximately 70% of whom were women. The main risk factors significantly associated between both conditions were cognitive dysfunction, in-hospital mortality, and femoral neck bone density. Conclusions: The prevalence of hip fractures varied among studies, without being the most common type of fracture among adult diabetic patients. Bone density in diabetic patients was significantly associated with a higher risk of hip fracture. Other factors included hypertension, advanced age, cardiovascular diseases, patients with cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunction, and high body mass index. Keywords: hip fractures, bone density, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), protective factorsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Miopía, afección en adolescentes y jóvenes. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Tzerembo Córdova, Tamara Valeria; Calle Luna, Liliana Francisca; 0107005852Introduction: Myopia is recognized as a global public health problem that affects the population and continues to increase. Furthermore, myopia should not be considered a benign peculiarity, but rather a visual impairment that threatens the world, ranking fifth among clinical care priorities according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Objective: To address myopia in teenagers and young people, as well as the main factors associated with this condition. Methods: It was a mixed-method descriptive research. The study was conducted in scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to retrieve publications from 2019 to 2023. Results: The main risks associated with myopia are genetic inheritance, female gender, excessive screen time, close work, living in urban areas, and academic demands, while time spent outdoors is recognized as a protective factor against myopia. Conclusions: The fact that parents are nearsighted increases the risk of myopia progression. Additionally, being female is also a factor, since girls spend more time studying or reading, which reduces the time they have for outdoor activities, a factor that improves eye health. Furthermore, spending long periods of time exposed to screens is associated with a higher level of myopia. Keywords: myopia, risk factors, young people, teenagersItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Factores asociados y frecuencia del consumo de potenciadores cognitivos en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Azogues – Ecuador, 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Peralta Remache, Cristian Fernando; Vélez Vinueza, María José; 0302709001Background: University students in the Medicine program face increasing pressure to excel academically. As a result, many resort to cognitive enhancers to improve their academic performance. Objective: To determine the relationship between associated factors and the frequency of cognitive enhancer use among medical students at Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues–Ecuador, 2024. Methodology: This quantitative, non-experimental, observational, cross-sectional study with a correlational and prospective scope was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, from March to August 2024. Students over 18 years of age who were formally enrolled were included, while those attending irregularly were excluded. The sample, calculated with a 95% confidence level, comprised 302 students selected through sampling for population proportions. Results: A total of 302 students participated in this study. Most (96.4%) were between 18 and 25 years old, and gender distribution was balanced (52.3% female, 47.7% male). Regarding cognitive enhancer use, 50.7% were aware of these substances, and 62.9% had received recommendations for their consumption. Fifty-seven-point seven percent (57.7%) of students used them regularly to stay awake, and 56.3% perceived an improvement in their academic performance. However, no significant associations were found between usage frequency and variables such as age or gender. Conclusion: The study reveals a high use of cognitive enhancers among medical students, largely motivated by the perceived improvement in academic performance. Keywords: cognitive enhancer, nootropic agents, procognitive agents, medical studentsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Nivel de conocimiento sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Dolores Veintimilla de Galindo, La Troncal - Ecuador, 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Pérez Guijarro, Yaritza Jamileth; Rodas Torres, Américo Gerardo; 0303009591Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and is closely associated with cervical cancer. Types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of cases. In Ecuador, this disease represents the second leading cause of death among women, highlighting the need to strengthen prevention and sexual education. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among adolescents at ‘Dolores Veintimilla de Galindo’ Educational Institution in La Troncal during 2024. Methods: A descriptive, cross- sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted, involving 231 students. A structured survey validated by specialists in 2016 was applied. Results: Of the 231 students, 60.2% were female and 39.8% male. Thirty-two percent (32%) were 15 years old, 42.9% were 16, and 25.1% were 17 years old. A total of 98.3% were single, and 1.87% in a consensual union. Regarding the general level of knowledge about Human Papillomavirus, 56.7% showed a low level of knowledge, 26.8% an intermediate level, and 16.5% a high level of knowledge. Conclusions: The level of knowledge about Human Papillomavirus among adolescents was limited. Although some demonstrated recognition of the complications that the infection can cause, many were unaware of how it is transmitted and how it can be prevented. These findings highlight the need to implement educational programs. Keywords: adolescent, knowledge, infection, prevention, transmissionItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La justicia Contencioso-Administrativa y el principio de celeridad. Estudio de los procesos tramitados en el tribunal distrital de lo contencioso administrativo, Cuenca 2022 – 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Cabrera Torres , Augusta del Carmen; Vázquez Calle, Augusta del Carmen; 0302324900The failure to uphold the principle of promptness within the administration of justice constitutes a persistent problem regarding the violation of fundamental rights. This research analyzes the stage of the administrative process at which unnecessary delays are present. To this end, a qualitative-quantitative study was conducted, combining the analysis of case law, doctrine, regulations, and procedures, in addition to the review of cases processed in 2022, 2023, and 2024 in the District Contentious-Administrative Court of Cuenca Canton, in order to verify compliance with the deadlines established in the regulations. The results are presented through tables and figures. The purpose of this study is to verify compliance with regulations and the observance of the principle of promptness within contentious-administrative justice. The findings include the identification of process stages—such as notification and scheduling of the preliminary hearing, as well scheduling of the single hearing—where unnecessary delays occur. Keywords: principle of promptness, Ecuador, effective judicial protection, fundamental rights, due processItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Conducta autolítica relacionada al Bullying cibernético en estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Luis Rogerio González, Azogues - Ecuador, 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Lema Tenecela, Evelyn Anabel; Toledo Romero, Paola Anabel; González Zumba, Fabián Orlando; 0350306999; 0350085007Introduction: The study examines the association of academic and cyberbullying with suicide-related behaviors and feelings of hopelessness among adolescents aged 12 to 18. Objective: To analyze the relationship between self-harming behavior and cyberbullying among students at the ‘Luis Rogerio González’ Educational Institution in Azogues. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional design was applied to 271 students from the first to the third year of high school in the afternoon session during the 2023–2024 academic year. Results: Male students aged 15 to 17 in the second year represented the majority. Findings revealed that males (95% CI: 0.621–1.800; OR: 1.058) were more likely to be at risk of experiencing cyberbullying. At the same time, the probability of cyberbullying/harassment prevalence was the same for both males and females (X² = 0.836). On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the prevalence of self-harm and the gender of the participant. Finally, results indicated that the possibility of experiencing cyberbullying is significantly associated with the level of academic instruction (X² = 0.001), meaning that the risk depends on the school year in which the students are enrolled. Conclusions: It is concluded that the possibility of cyberbullying prevalence is the same for males and females. Furthermore, the risk is dependent on the students’ academic year. Finally, there is a relationship between the risk of academic cyber-victimization at the ‘Luis Rogerio González’ Educational Institution and cases of self-harm. Keywords: school bullying, cyberbullying, self-destructive behavior, health-related behaviors.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Prevalencia de la depresión y factores relacionados en estudiantes de externado de medicina Azogues, agosto - diciembre, 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Calle Gavilanes, Jonnathan Adrian; Medina Muñoz, Luis Fernando; Cantos Reyes, Claudia Katerine; 0302692553; 0350015392Background: Depression is one of the most common and debilitating psychological disorders worldwide, particularly prevalent among medical students. Its impact can seriously compromise the effectiveness and well-being of future healthcare professionals, motivating the need to investigate its prevalence and characteristics. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its possible relationship with sociodemographic variables among medical externship students in Azogues during the period August–December 2024. Methodology: Quantitative study with a descriptive approach and a current cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 132 medical externship students from the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues Campus. A survey technique was conducted using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic variables and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The results are presented in tables, and variable associations were analyzed using contingency tables and chi-square statistics with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Fifty-eight point three percent of the students are female, 40.9% are 24 years old, 90.2% are single, and 81.1% live in urban areas. A total of 36.4% showed severe depression, while 25.8% had moderate depression. None of the sociodemographic variables were significant for the Beck Depression Inventory scale in the sample of externship students (p > 0.05). Conclusions and Relevance: This study highlights a concerning prevalence of severe depression among medical students in Azogues, suggesting an urgent need for specific mental health interventions to improve their well-being and academic performance, regardless of sociodemographic variables. Keywords: depression, externship, medicine, anxiety, mental health
