Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Medicina
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectividad del enfoque quirúrgico con funduplicaturas como tratamiento de hernia hiatal. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) González González, Ismael Antonio; Torres Maldonado, Xavier Eduardo; 0302478094Introduction: A hiatal hernia is an anatomical abnormality of the upper digestive tract, described as the protrusion of elements of the abdominal cavity through the esophageal hiatus. They are classified as sliding hernias, comprising type I, and paraesophageal hernias, comprising types II, III, and IV, respectively. Fundoplication is currently the most frequently used procedure for the surgical treatment of hiatal hernia, and the effectiveness of its variants is reflected in the degree of the diagnosed condition. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of surgical treatment using fundoplication as a treatment for hiatal hernia. Methodology: The research considers scientific articles from meta-analyses and gray literature from reliable scientific databases, ensuring that the information found is highly reliable and relevant. Keywords in English and Spanish such as “Hiatal Hernia,” “Nissen's fundoplication,” and “Toupet Fundoplication” were used, schematically addressing treatment using fundoplication for hiatal hernia. Results: A total of 77 publications were found in the databases: SciELO, PubMed, Redalyc, Elsevier, UpToDate, and Scopus. Seven of these were not available in open access, 25 did not address the proposed topic, three were narrative reviews, three were journalistic articles, four were duplicates, and one was a note. Therefore, 43 publications were excluded, 9 articles were read in full, of which 4 did not meet the objectives of this study. Therefore, 30 were included in the integrative review. Keywords: hiatal hernia, treatment, fundoplication, Nissen, ToupetItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Características epidemiológicas de la cirrosis hepática en Ecuador durante el periodo de 2012-2022(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Quiñonez Boconsaca, Jennifer Mariuxi; Crespo Vintimilla, Edgar Adriano; 0106013501Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver damage that leads to progressive fibrosis and complications such as portal hypertension. It is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, ranking as the fourteenth leading cause of death worldwide and the seventh in Ecuador. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of liver cirrhosis in Ecuador from 2012 to 2022. Methods: An observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted. All cases recorded in the hospital discharge database from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC, by its Spanish acronym) were included, totaling 31,177 individuals. Results: The prevalence was higher in men (54.2%), in the 19–64 age group (50.8%), and among individuals of mestizo ethnicity (66.9%). Most cases originated in urban areas (88.1%), mainly in coastal provinces such as Manabí and El Oro. Mortality peaked in 2016 and subsequently declined. A significant association was found among mortality and variables such as sex, age, ethnicity, and hospitalization (p = 0.000). Alcoholic cirrhosis predominated among men (79.9%) over 65 years of age, who were more likely to die than patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Conclusions: Liver cirrhosis in Ecuador mainly affected mestizo men between 19 and 64 years of age. The peak mortality rate was recorded in 2016. The alcoholic form shows a higher predisposition to mortality and is associated with more extended hospitalizations. Keywords: liver cirrhosis, epidemiological characteristics, hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertensionItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Sensibilidad y especificidad de los biomarcadores en injuria renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Minchala Rivera, Sandra Vanessa; Sanango Reinoso, Wilmer Stalin; 0350093746Background: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease represent public health problems with high morbidity and mortality. Early detection is essential to initiate timely treatment and to prevent complications. Traditional biomarkers currently in use show low sensitivity and specificity in early stages. In this context, new biomarkers with diagnostic potential have emerged. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, interleukin-18, and cystatin C as diagnostic tools for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, compared to serum creatinine, through a systematic review. Methods: A descriptive review was conducted on studies published between 2021 and 2025 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciELO. The search included MeSH descriptors and Boolean operators. The process followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Lipocalin and cystatin C showed higher sensitivity for detecting early acute kidney injury compared to creatinine. Cystatin C also demonstrated higher specificity in early chronic kidney disease. Kidney injury molecule-1 showed more utility in assessing tubular damage and severity in critically ill patients. Interleukin-18 proved to be a valuable prognostic biomarker in septic conditions. Overall, the four biomarkers had a higher negative predictive value than creatinine, favoring the exclusion of acute kidney injury in at-risk patients. Conclusions: The biomarkers analyzed represent emerging, complementary tools for early detection and risk stratification, with greater potential than serum creatinine in specific clinical settings. Keywords: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, biomarkers, creatinineItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de las diferentes terapias de sustitución renal en pacientes gestantes. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Cajas Pérez, María de los Angeles; Sanango Reinoso, Wilmer Stalin; 0302302351Background: During pregnancy, increased physiological demands may exacerbate complications associated with pre-existing or gestational kidney disease. Renal replacement therapies, such as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, are essential for the treatment of kidney disease in pregnant patients. The effectiveness of these therapies lies in their ability to remove waste products and maintain electrolyte balance, thus contributing to maternal and fetal health. Methods: A systematic review of articles in English and Spanish published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted. Search terms and Boolean operators were applied in databases such as PubMed, Redalyc, and UpToDate. Data were organized using a search matrix in Excel and a bibliographic manager in Zotero, the analyzed articles were compiled in a folder. Results: This review examined various types of treatments for kidney disease in pregnant patients. These treatments include conventional hemodialysis, extended hemodialysis, automated peritoneal dialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and hemodiafiltration. The outcomes for both mother and fetus were analyzed for each treatment, and the advantages and disadvantages of each modality in each therapy were explained. The aim was to understand the effectiveness of these treatments. Conclusion: Hemodiafiltration is the most effective renal replacement therapy, as it plays a fundamental role in the efficient removal of uremic toxins in pregnant women and is also considered an innovative technique with a lower risk of fetal complications. Keywords: dialysis, pregnancy, replacementItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Prevalencia, factores asociados de ansiedad preoperatoria y necesidad de información en adultos del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo de Azogues, junio a agosto 2024.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Barrera Saraguro, Jorge Kevin; Quelal Robalino, Bryan Alexis; Peñafiel Encalada, Alicia; 0302653606; 0923666044Introduction: Preoperative anxiety is an emotional condition affecting 50% to 75% of patients prior to surgery, with clinical manifestations such as tachycardia and hypertension, among others. These manifestations can affect the viability of the surgical procedure as well as post-surgical recovery outcomes. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of preoperative anxiety, along with the need for information, among adults at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in Azogues, Ecuador, from June to August 2024. Methodology: This is a quantitative, non-experimental study with a correlational-analytical scope and a cross-sectional design. It was conducted at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the city of Azogues, applied to a non-probabilistic, convenience-based infinite population in the preoperative ward, with a sample of 209 adults aged 20–64 years. The “Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)” and the “American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System (ASA PS)” were used. Data were processed using SPSS v.21 for subsequent interpretation. Expected Results: The study determined that 79% of patients experienced preoperative anxiety, which was more common in men. This situation was particularly evident in those who underwent major surgeries (85%) and received general anesthesia (85%). The need for preoperative information emerged as a determining factor, with 71% of participants reporting high levels of this need, which showed a significant association with anxiety (p < 0.05). Keywords: preoperative anxiety, APAIS, informationItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Nivel de conocimiento de la Hipertención Arterial en pensionados de la Federación de Jubilados de la provincia del Cañar, Azogues - Ecuador, marzo - agosto 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Encalada Ortiz, Lady Alexandra; Paguay Lema, Edison Manuel; Patino Patiño, Mauricio Eugenio; 0302797899; 0302873872Background: Arterial hypertension, known as the “silent killer,” is a chronic disease that causes an increase in blood pressure, with systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 140 millimeters of mercury and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 millimeters of mercury. Its etiology is diverse, and it presents high morbidity and mortality due to systemic vascular damage. It is determined by various factors, the main ones being age, overweight, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about arterial hypertension among pensioners of the Federation of Retirees of the province of Cañar, Azogues, Ecuador, from March to August 2024. Methodology: This study used an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective design with a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from primary sources through completion of an anonymous and confidential survey. The data were described using descriptive and inferential statistics, entered, and processed in IBM SPSS Statistical software. Results: The analysis of knowledge levels about arterial hypertension among pensioners shows a strong correlation with the adoption of healthy behaviors. Pensioners with greater knowledge are more likely to recognize risk factors. The level of academic education did not show a direct relationship with knowledge about arterial hypertension. There is a positive association between the duration of arterial hypertension and knowledge level, as pensioners who have lived with the disease longer tend to have greater knowledge of it. Keywords: older adults, knowledge, risk factors, retirees, arterial hypertensionItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Sócola Macharé, Andrea Belén; Crespo Domíguez, Juan Sebastián; 0706021037Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Ansiedad y rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de medicina, odontología y enfermería de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca campus Azogues, 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Ruiz Cárdenas, Gabriela Abigail; Cantos Reyes, Claudia Katerine; 1400663488Background: Anxiety is a common issue among university students, particularly in highly demanding programs such as Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing. The academic and clinical demands they face can increase anxiety levels and affect academic performance. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between anxiety and academic performance among Medical, Dentistry, and Nursing students at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, during 2024, considering sociodemographic variables. Methodology: Quantitative, non-experimental, observational, cross-sectional study. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale was applied, and the academic grade point average was used as a measure of performance. The sample included 324 students from the three programs. Results: Medical students recorded the highest levels of severe anxiety (40.7%), followed by Dentistry (35.2%) and Nursing (24.1%). No statistically significant differences were found in academic performance among the three programs. A slight influence of anxiety on Nursing students’ performance was observed, but not in Medicine or Dentistry. Conclusions: Anxiety was more frequent in Medicine, suggesting that academic and clinical programs may contribute to its occurrence. These findings highlight the need to implement psychological support strategies tailored to each program. Although no significant association between anxiety and performance was found in Medicine and Dentistry, a slight relationship was identified in Nursing, warranting further research to deepen the understanding of its impact on well-being. Keywords: anxiety, academic performance, mental health, university studentsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de la terapia ocupacional y fisioterapia en pacientes con Parkinson: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Preciado Cerezo, Genesis Ivonne; Bravo Salinas, Sara Elizabeth; 0706703733Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by non-motor symptoms, which are the first to manifest. Initial treatment is pharmacological; however, the importance of an interdisciplinary approach that includes occupational therapy and physiotherapy to address motor impairments has been demonstrated. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of occupational therapy and physiotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methodology: The search was conducted using high-impact databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the SciELO electronic library. The PEDro scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the studies included in the systematic review. Results: Nineteen scientific articles were included. The most commonly reported motor symptoms were muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and bradykinesia. It was also observed that physiotherapy offers better efficacy, as it yielded better results. Occupational therapy alone did not evidence improvement; as it must be performed in conjunction with physiotherapy to observe greater benefits. Conclusions: Significant benefits were evidenced with the use of physiotherapy, and it will depend on the adherence time of the program to develop different physical activities, favoring the reduction of stiffness, bradykinesia, improving the patient's balance and gait, and promoting independence and safety when performing daily activities. Keywords: physiotherapy, Parkinson’s condition, motor symptoms, occupational therapyItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre el acné y la autoestima de adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Luis Cordero de la ciudad de Azogues - Ecuador, 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Pizarro Ulloa, Ana Martina; Ramírez Arévalo, Pamela Alexandra; González Zumba, Fabián Orlando; 0350178091; 0302645650Background: Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions in adolescents, with a prevalence ranging from 70% and 95%, and notable consequences for self-esteem and mental health. In Ecuador, it affects a substantial proportion of young people, although there is limited research on its psychosocial impact. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between acne and self-esteem in adolescents at Luis Cordero Educational Unit in Azogues, Ecuador. Methodology: A quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, non-experimental study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of 172 students. Acne severity was assessed using the Spanish Acne Severity Scale (EGAE, by its Spanish acronym) and self-esteem measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES, by its Spanish acronym). Data were analyzed with Chi-square tests, Student’s t-test, and ANOVA. Results: A total of 66.9% of adolescents had some degree of acne, with higher frequency in the 16- to 18-year-old group. No significant association was found between the presence of acne and overall self-esteem (p = 0.093). However, severe acne was significantly associated with low self-esteem (p = 0.009). Conclusions and Relevance: Although no general relationship between acne and self-esteem was observed, adolescents with severe forms showed lower self-esteem, suggesting that the impact depends on the severity of the condition. Other factors, such as socioeconomic status and resilience, may influence outcomes and should be included in future research. Keywords: acne, self-esteem, adolescence, prevalenceItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia y seguridad de la inmunoterapia a base del pembrolizumab en cáncer de pulmón estadio IIIB: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Alvarez Vazquez, Jorge Luis; Buenaño Rodríguez, Christian Eduardo; 0302391099Introduction: Worldwide, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a priority public health challenge due to its high mortality rate, particularly in advanced stages such as stage IIIB. Immunotherapy has emerged as an innovative alternative, with pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, being one of the most relevant drugs, aimed at prolonging survival and optimizing quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab as immunotherapy in patients with stage IIIB NSCLC. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies published between 2019 and 2025 in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were included, using descriptors related to NSCLC, stage IIIB, immunotherapy, and pembrolizumab. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, prioritizing clinical trials. Results: Ten clinical trials were selected, evaluating overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective tumor response. The most common adverse effects were fatigue, diarrhea, rash, and endocrine dysfunction. Serious events, such as pneumonitis or immune-mediated hepatitis, were uncommon and generally manageable. Conclusions: Pembrolizumab proves to be an effective and safe option for patients with stage IIIB NSCLC, consistently improving the most relevant clinical outcomes and maintaining a manageable toxicity profile. Its incorporation into multimodal regimens strengthens its role as a reference treatment in this context. Keywords: lung cancer, NSCLC, pembrolizumab, immunotherapyItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Quezada Matute, Eva Alexandra; Pauta Verdugo, Paula Victoria; Chango Criollo, Esteban Ismael; 0107281230; 0302891999Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con Parkinson tratados con levodopa. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Tenezaca Robles, Julio Adrian; Crespo Domínguez, Juan Sebastián; 0107038952BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders worldwide after Alzheimer’s disease, according to the WHO. It is characterized by muscle rigidity, tremors, and lack of coordination in various activities. It appears in the later stages of life and has a genetic predisposition. This pathology, like others, presents complications that affect different organs and systems. In this case, the various cardiovascular complications caused by the drugs of choice for treating this disease will be analyzed. These complications include hypotension, arrhythmias, precordial pain, so on. The dose at which the drug may become toxic will also be mentioned. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review study on cardiovascular complications in Parkinson’s patients treated with levodopa. METHODOLOGY: This research will employ a qualitative and quantitative approach developed through a systematic review. RESULTS: The data show that the most frequently occurring cardiovascular complication in the studies reviewed was orthostatic hypotension (49%), followed by arrhythmias (23%) and palpitations (19%), while precordial pain accounted for only 9%. These findings reflect a greater scientific interest in hemodynamic and cardiac rhythm alterations associated with Parkinson’s disease treated with levodopa. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the most frequent cardiovascular complications are related to autonomic dysfunction and electrical disturbances of the heart, with cerebral hypoperfusion and electrical conduction alterations being the most prominent pathophysiological mechanisms. Keywords: levodopa, Parkinson’s disease, carbidopa, cardiovascular, complicationsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Calidad de sueño y su relación con la obesidad: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Ramos Minga, Jennifer Solangge; Vergara Peralta, Gisella Estefanía; Calle Gutiérrez, María Silvana; 1900678341; 0302970348Background: Obesity is currently recognized as a global epidemic which, by 2024, will affect more than one billion individuals and is associated with multiple comorbidities. At the same time, poor sleep quality is emerging as a significant risk factor for this condition. Objective: To analyze the relationship between sleep quality and obesity through a systematic review of the current scientific literature. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PEO model, observational studies published in the last five years that focused on analyzing sleep quality and obesity were considered. The NIH, JBI, and Cochrane ROB-1 tools were used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies. Results: Twenty-five studies were identified that reported a consistent relationship between poor sleep quality and overweight or obesity in the 40-60 age group. The results indicate that most of the studies are of high quality, and that the risk of bias is between low and moderate. Conclusions: Sleep quality and persistence directly influence obesity risk, as both insufficient and excessive sleep, along with circadian rhythm disturbances, increase the likelihood of becoming overweight. Therefore, improving sleep habits and detecting sleep disorders early is essential for preventing and managing obesity and reducing its complications. Keywords: sleep quality, metabolic factors, obesityItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Abad Ordóñez, Jhuleidy Nathaly; Andrade Andrade, Karla Priscila; Garate Sanmartín, Andrés Edmundo; 0107228702; 0303013395Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de la inmunoterapia anti PD-1 pembrolizumab, para el cáncer de pulmón metastásico de células no pequeñas: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Jara Piña, Wilson Fernando; Buenaño Rodríguez, Christian Eduardo; 0107107294Background: Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy drug belonging to the class of immune checkpoint inhibitors. It has been used in several types of cancer, including non–small cell lung cancer, particularly in advanced stages. Objective: To characterize the efficacy of anti-PD-1 Pembrolizumab immunotherapy for non-small cell metastatic lung cancer. Methodology: A systematic review with a descriptive, comparative, and qualitative design was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The databases PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer Link were reviewed. Results: Ten studies were included, comprising a total sample of approximately 2,200 patients, with an average age of 65 years, mostly male. Pembrolizumab was mainly administered as a combination therapy, with positive results in terms of overall patient survival. However, the presence of adverse effects resulted in high rates and being omnipresent in all studies, as well as severe adverse effects. The most common were nausea, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea. Conclusions: The use of pembrolizumab demonstrated advantages over the other comparative drugs, although these were not statistically significant in all cases. The visible adverse effects were nausea, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea. Keywords: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, pulmonary neoplasms, immunosuppression therapyItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Mora Ochoa, Luis Fernando; Capote Llenares, Luis Fernando; 0705470847Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Manejo de la Constipación en Pacientes Pediátricos. Dieta versus Laxantes. Revisión Sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Chávez Loza, Michelle Elizabeth; Alomía Castro, Paúl Esteban; 0952499143Background: Pediatric constipation is a prevalent condition that significantly affects children’s quality of life, with prevalence rates ranging from 0.7% to 29.6% (1). It is treated with high-fiber diets and laxatives. Objective: To describe the effectiveness of constipation management, comparing non-pharmacological approaches with pharmacological treatments. Method: It is a qualitative-descriptive study. Studies published since 2019 were analyzed, using PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The focus was on children up to 14 years of age, prioritizing research with significant clinical outcomes, excluding reviews, opinions, and studies that were not focused on pediatric patients or lacked direct clinical relevance. Results: The research provides a detailed comparison of the efficacy and safety of these evidence-based therapeutic interventions for treating pediatric constipation. These findings provide healthcare professionals with updated, reliable, and scientific information, supporting improved clinical decision-making and effective management of this condition in children. Conclusions: The treatment of functional constipation in children is effective when using PEG 3350, which significantly improves stool frequency and consistency, and is well tolerated. Lactulose, although it responds more slowly, is safe and inexpensive. A high-fiber diet is essential for the long-term control of constipation, improving bowel regularity, and fostering healthy habits. Alternatives, such as green banana biomass and Rosa damascena, are also effective and well-accepted, providing additional options for pediatric management. Keywords: constipation, dietary fiber, laxatives, child healthItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Análisis y factores de riesgo asociados a la muerte fetal en el Ecuador según las zonas de planificación en el periodo 2018 – 2022(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Bastidas Farias, Carlos Fabian; Pesántez Montes, Juan Carlos; 1314514967Background: Fetal death is defined as the birth of a newborn without vital signs. Although it is declining, it remains prevalent in low-income countries. Objective: To analyze the risk factors and prevalence of fetal death in Ecuador according to planning zones in the period 2018–2022. Methodology: The research design was qualitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional cohort, correlational, and retrospective. Data collection was carried out using the INEC Open Data Bank, which provided a sample of 1,385,980 cases, including live births and stillbirths. All cases that did not present all the variables under study were excluded. Results: The final sample size was 1,181,351. Maternal factors associated with fetal death are: single marital status (P: 0.018; OR: 1.816; 95% CI 1.11, 2.972), black ethnicity (P: 0.001; OR: 2.537; 95% CI 1.497, 4.301), history of death (P: 0.000; OR: 2.492; 95% CI 2.295, 2.706) and inadequate prenatal checkups (P: 0.000; OR: 1.925; 95% CI 1.840, 2.015). Fetal characteristics associated with death included: male sex (P: 0.000; OR: 1.218; 95% CI 1.144, 1.297), extreme prematurity (P: 0.000; OR: 13.546; 95% CI 11.879, 15.448), and low birth weight (P: 0.000; OR: 10.96; 95% CI 10.009, 12.001). Conclusion: After the analysis, it is concluded that Ecuador also presents similar risk factors as other studies in other countries, with a notable decrease in fetal death as well as birth rates in recent years. Keywords: stillbirth, risk factor, fetal death.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa la Providencia. Azogues. Ecuador. 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Castro Verdugo, Ismael Alejandro; Ortiz González, Rosa Cumandá; Cantos Reyes, Claudia Keterine; 1719500132; 0303138911
