Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Medicina
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Análisis epidemiológico y clínico del cáncer de colon en Ecuador basado en datos hospitalarios durante el periodo 2013 –2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Herrera Guazha, Jennifer AdrianaAntecedentes: El cáncer de colon es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad oncológica en Ecuador, con aumento sostenido en la última década. La escasez de estudios integrales limita el conocimiento sobre su comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico. Objetivo: Analizar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas del cáncer de colon en Ecuador durante el periodo 2013–2024, a partir de registros hospitalarios, considerando variables demográficas, geográficas, clínicas y de evolución hospitalaria. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y analítico de tipo observacional retrospectivo, basado en datos secundarios del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Se incluyeron 34.521 pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de cáncer de colon (CIE-10 C18.x) entre 2013 y 2024. Se analizaron edad, sexo, etnia, nacionalidad, residencia, duración de hospitalización, especialidad médica y desenlace hospitalario. El procesamiento se realizó en SPSS v.28, aplicando análisis descriptivo, bivariado y regresión logística. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 60,9 años, con predominio femenino (52,1%) y mestizo (64,7%). El 89,3% residía en zonas urbanas. Las provincias con más casos fueron Pichincha, Guayas y Manabí. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue “colon, parte no especificada” (67,4%). La mayoría egresó con vida (83,0%) y el 3,8% falleció. Hubo asociación significativa entre mayor estancia hospitalaria y fallecimiento (p < 0,001), así como entre edad y localización del tumor (p < 0,001). Conclusiones y relevancia: El cáncer de colon afecta principalmente a adultos mayores urbanos. La estancia hospitalaria se relaciona con la gravedad clínica. Los hallazgos permiten orientar políticas públicas y mejorar estrategias diagnósticas y de seguimiento.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectividad y seguridad de prótesis de cadera cementadas versus no cementadas en adultos mayores con fractura de cadera: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Ochoa Valdez, Marco AlexanderObjective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of cemented and uncemented hip prostheses in adults aged 60 years or older with hip fracture. Methods: A systematic review (with searches conducted in 2026, including publications from 2020 onward) of 16 studies, with narrative synthesis and no meta-analysis, was conducted. Clinical trials were assessed using the RoB 2 tool, cohort studies using ROBINS-I, and the certainty of the evidence across eleven outcomes using the GRADE system. Limitations in screening traceability process and the absence of accredited independent assessment were identified. Results: A total of thirteen studies evaluated hemiarthroplasty and three evaluated total hip arthroplasties. In WHiTE 5, quality of life at four months favored cementation, with an adjusted mean difference in the EQ-5D score of 0.055 (95% CI: 0.009–0.101). Periprosthetic fractures occurred in 3 of 610 patients versus 13 of 615 patients. Twelve-month mortality showed no conclusive difference: the odds ratio (OR) for cemented versus uncemented prostheses was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62–1.05). No consistent superiority was found in functional outcomes. Some cohort studies associated cementation with fewer revisions, while others reported greater cardiopulmonary compromise in particularly frail patients. The certainty of the evidence was moderate for quality of life, periprosthetic fracture, and mortality; low for function and subsequent interventions; and very low for extrapolating findings on serious cardiopulmonary events to the broader population of older adults with hip fracture. Conclusion: Cementation probably reduces periprosthetic fractures after hemiarthroplasty and may reduce certain subsequent interventions, without demonstrating consistent superiority in function or mortality. Interpretation requires consideration of the procedure, follow-up, and limitations of the evidence and the review. Keywords: hip fracture, cemented arthroplasty, uncemented arthroplasty, older adult, systematic reviewItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Sensibilidad bacteriana en infecciones del Tracto Urinario en pacientes de dos hospitales del Ecuador 2024.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Gomez Angulo, Anabela Mishell; Mendoza Vicente, Dario AlejandroBackground: It is estimated that by 2050, drug-resistant bacterial infections will account for approximately 10 million deaths annually worldwide. Differences in the antibiotic susceptibility of the etiological agents of urinary tract infections (UTIs) highlight the importance of conducting local scientific studies. Objective: This study aimed to characterize urinary tract infections and bacterial susceptibility among patients at Francisco de Orellana Hospital (HFO) and Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital (HHCC) during 2024. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted using an anonymized database containing urine culture reports and antimicrobial susceptibility test results. Results: The study population consisted of 966 urine cultures. Female patients were overrepresented at both healthcare institutions accounting for 82.9% of cases at HFO and 77,1% at HHCC. The most prevalent age group at both hospitals was 19-65 years, representing 70.1% for patients at HFO and 54.0% at HHCC. Most patients at both institutions were referred from the emergency department and outpatient clinics. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism at both healthcare facilities, and of the isolates, 22.2% corresponded to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)--producing strain. This bacterium exhibited high resistance rates of resistance to antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (56.39%) and ciprofloxacin (48.30%). Conclusions and Relevance: Escherichia coli remains the predominant uropathogen responsible for most urinary tract infections, with high resistance rates to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but good susceptibility to carbapenems, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. Keywords: hospital, urinary tract infections, bacterial resistance, bacterial susceptibilityItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en adultos de las parroquias Rivera y Pindilig, período noviembre 2024-abril 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Patiño Chuquimarca, Daniela Katherine; Sozoronga Uchuari, Alex FernandoIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major challenge for healthcare systems, affecting approximately 552,000 people in Ecuador, and these figures are projected to increase in the coming years. The main contributing factors are preventable conditions, such as obesity and an unbalanced diet. However, up-to-date information on these factors is lacking, particularly in rural settings, where there is limited knowledge of the etiology of the disease. Objective: To determine the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults in the parishes of Rivera and Pindilig from November 2024 to April 2025. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional observational study was conducted using probability sampling and the FINDRISC questionnaire, a widely validated tool for identifying individuals at risk of developing diabetes mellitus in the coming years. Results: Based on the FINDRISC assessment, the following levels of risk for developing diabetes mellitus were identified: low risk (44.0%), slightly elevated risk (22.5%), moderate risk (14.7%), high risk (13.7%), and very high risk (5.2%). Conclusions: In the parishes of Rivera and Pindilig, most participants were found to have a low risk of developing T2DM. However, the findings indicate that more than half of the participants had a moderate to very high risk, associated with the high prevalence of overweight, increased waist circumference, low levels of physical activity, and unhealthy dietary habits. These findings highlight the need to prioritize preventive interventions in these communities. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, blood glucose, preventionItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas de las parroquias San Miguel y Javier Loyola, según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - enero 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Lema Vazquez, Mayra Alexandra; Morocho Yuquilema, Joseline EstefaníaIntroduction: Nutritional support for pediatric patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Units is an essential pillar of recovery and complication reduction. In the past, early nutritional support was recommended to prevent metabolic deterioration; however, its benefits and risks have been questioned, highlighting the need for personalized strategies. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of nutritional support in children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units through a systematic review of studies published between 2015 and 2025. Methodology: This is a qualitative study that included clinical trials on nutritional support in critically ill pediatric patients. Neonates, narrative reviews, and articles without relevant clinical data were excluded. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: A total of 20 clinical trials were included, representing more than 5,200 pediatric patients. Early parenteral nutrition showed benefits in nutritional recovery and a slight reduction in mechanical ventilation, but demonstrated a higher risk of metabolic, hepatic, and infectious complications. In contrast, early enteral nutrition showed better clinical outcomes, a lower risk of infections, and a shorter PICU stay, although mild and transient gastrointestinal adverse events occurred. Discussion: The findings support prioritizing early enteral nutrition as the route of choice whenever feasible, while parenteral nutrition should be reserved for cases in which enteral nutrition is contraindicated or insufficient. Conclusions: The evidence favors early enteral nutrition as the first option, provided that it is tolerated. Keywords: nutritional support, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, hospital malnutritionItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia del soporte nutricional en niños en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Camacho Sánchez, Marolyn LizbethIntroduction: Nutritional support for pediatric patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Units is an essential pillar of recovery and complication reduction. In the past, early nutritional support was recommended to prevent metabolic deterioration; however, its benefits and risks have been questioned, highlighting the need for personalized strategies. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of nutritional support in children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units through a systematic review of studies published between 2015 and 2025. Methodology: This is a qualitative study that included clinical trials on nutritional support in critically ill pediatric patients. Neonates, narrative reviews, and articles without relevant clinical data were excluded. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: A total of 20 clinical trials were included, representing more than 5,200 pediatric patients. Early parenteral nutrition showed benefits in nutritional recovery and a slight reduction in mechanical ventilation, but demonstrated a higher risk of metabolic, hepatic, and infectious complications. In contrast, early enteral nutrition showed better clinical outcomes, a lower risk of infections, and a shorter PICU stay, although mild and transient gastrointestinal adverse events occurred. Discussion: The findings support prioritizing early enteral nutrition as the route of choice whenever feasible, while parenteral nutrition should be reserved for cases in which enteral nutrition is contraindicated or insufficient. Conclusions: The evidence favors early enteral nutrition as the first option, provided that it is tolerated. Keywords: nutritional support, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, hospital malnutritionItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectividad de nutrición parenteral temprana versus nutrición parenteral tardía en recién nacidos prematuros: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Condoy Marín, Yaytza Paulette; Cruz Yaguachi, Naldo ElianItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Factores de riesgo para desarrollar hipertensión arterial en adultos de la zona urbana del cantón Cañar - Ecuador, en el periodo marzo - agosto 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Jimenes Rodríguez , Mabel Alejandra; Loja Aguayza, Marco AguayzaBackground: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and affects approximately 30–40% of adults in Ecuador. Therefore, the early identification of modifiable risk factors (physical inactivity, obesity, dietary habits, and alcohol and tobacco use) and non-modifiable risk factors (age and family history) is a public health priority. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with the development of HTN in adults in the urban area of the Canton of Cañar from March to August 2025. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted among 369 adults aged 19–64 years, selected through stratified sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Spearman's rank correlation. Results: HTN was significantly associated with family history (p = 0.007), alcohol consumption (χ² = 65.1; p < 0.001), and frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods (χ² = 6.24; p < 0.001), whereas physical activity showed a protective effect (p = 0.005). No significant association was found with tobacco use. Conclusions: In the urban adult population of Cañar, HTN is primarily associated with family history, an inadequate diet, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption, highlighting the need for health education programs and the promotion of healthy lifestyles focused on these factors. Keywords: adult, epidemiology, lifestyle, risk factors, hypertensionItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas de las parroquias de Taday y Guapán del cantón Azogues según el cuestionario de Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - enero 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Alvarracín Cantos, Mónica Estefanía; Peralta Briones, Alexandra NarcizaBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The FINDRISK questionnaire is a non-invasive, low-cost screening tool used to estimate an individual’s 10-year risk of developing T2DM in primary health care settings. Objective: To estimate the risk of T2DM according to the FINDRISK questionnaire and identify associated factors among adults aged 20–64 years residing in the Taday and Guapán parishes of Azogues Canton, Ecuador, by assessing sociodemographic, anthropometric, and behavioral characteristics and determining the proportion of individuals eligible for confirmatory biochemical testing. Methods: A population-based, community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to January 2025. A two-stage stratified random sampling method was applied, with sample allocation by parish. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, dietary habits, family history, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Descriptive statistics and association analyses using chi-square (χ²) tests of association were performed to examine the relationships between risk categories and covariates. Results: A total of 357 participants were included, of whom 51.8% were women. The age distribution was as follows: 18–44 years, 54.9%; 45–59 years, 33.6%; and ≥60 years, 11.5%. Excess body weight (BMI ≥25) was identified in 64.1% of participants; 53.2% reported <30 minutes of physical activity per day; 47.9% did not consume fruits and vegetables daily; 40.6% reported the use of antihypertensive medication and/or hypertension; 46.2% reported a history of hyperglycemia; and 74.2% had a family history of diabetes mellitus. According to the FINDRISK score, 38.7% of participants (n≈138) were classified as having low risk, 31.4% (n≈112) as slightly elevated risk, 17.1% (n≈61) as moderate risk, 11.8% (n≈42) as high risk, and 1.1% (n≈4) as very high risk. Approximately 30% of participants had a FINDRISK score ≥12 points and were therefore considered eligible for confirmatory biochemical testing. Conclusions: In the Taday and Guapán parishes, approximately one in three screened adults requires priority confirmatory biochemical testing through fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if the results are discordant, as well as participation in lifestyle interventions. This stepwise approach appears feasible within the local primary health care setting. Longitudinal follow-up and further research are recommended to estimate progression to T2DM and evaluate the impact of the interventions. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, surveys and questionnaires, risk factors, body mass index, screening programs.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectividad de la laminectomía versus laminoplastía en la resolución de la estenosis lumbar: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Avecillas Cevallos, Diego AlejandroIntroduction: Lumbar spinal stenosis is a frequent cause of pain and disability in older adults. Its surgical treatment mainly includes laminectomy and laminoplasty, techniques with significant differences in terms of effectiveness, stability, and postoperative complications. Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of laminectomy versus laminoplasty in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, evaluating functional, biomechanical, and safety parameters. Methodology: A systematic review of 30 studies published between 2001 and 2025 was conducted, retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Clinical trials, cohort studies, and comparative studies evaluating outcomes such as ODI, JOA, instability, bleeding, reoperation rate, and functional recovery were included. NIH methodological quality criteria and a narrative analysis using effect measures (RR, OR, MD) were applied. Results: Laminoplasty showed advantages in several clinical aspects: a lower complication rate (>50% lower), less blood loss (<200 mL), reduced risk of postoperative instability (RR: 0.62), and faster functional recovery (<4 weeks). Although both techniques improved long-term function, laminoplasty better preserved biomechanics and reduced the need for instrumentation. Conclusions: Laminoplasty may represent a more favorable alternative in selected cases, but its implementation depends on surgical experience and available resources. Further high-quality research is recommended to establish definitive guidelines. Keywords: Spinal surgery, lumbar spinal stenosis, laminectomy, laminoplasty, functional recovery.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas de 20 a 64 años de las parroquias Azogues y Luis Cordero del cantón Azogues según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024- enero 2025.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Arias López, Ariel Fabricio; Vázquez Calle, Michelle EstefaníaItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas del cantón Biblián según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - enero 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Guamán Minga, Sammy Fernanda; Maza Torres, Ivana DayaraBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death in Ecuador; early detection reduces complications and healthcare costs. In the canton of Biblián, the combination of sedentary lifestyle and abdominal obesity suggests a high level of vulnerability that has not yet been quantified. Objective: To quantify the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among adults aged 20–64 years in the canton of Biblián using the FINDRISK questionnaire and to analyze its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. Stratified random sampling (by parish, sex, and urban-rural area) was used to include 370 residents without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Data on age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, and family history were collected. The analysis (SPSS v21) used the chi-square test (χ²) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among the 370 participants (59% women; median age 41 years), 18% had moderate risk, 13% high risk, and 4% very high risk. Overall, 35% (95% CI: 30–40) required preventive intervention. An elevated waist circumference tripled the likelihood of high/very high risk (OR 3.1; 95% CI: 2.1–4.6; p < 0.001), while physical inactivity doubled the likelihood (OR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.7–3.8; p = 0.002). Conclusions and Implications: More than one-third of adults in Biblián showed a clinically significant risk of developing type 2 diabetes, supporting the integration of FINDRISK screening and lifestyle-based programs into local primary healthcare to prevent the disease and its complications. Keywords: waist circumference, type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, FINDRISK, public health.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Prevalencia de Enterococcus faecium y Enterococcus faecalis resistentes a la vancomicina: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Ávila Córdova, Freddy Andrés; Quezada López, Camila IsabelIntroduction: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are opportunistic hospital pathogens capable of persisting and acquiring antimicrobial resistance. Vancomycin resistance (VRE) represents a global threat, associated with increased mortality, hospital stay, and costs, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) and hematopoietic transplant recipients. Objectives: To establish the worldwide prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis, identify factors associated with mortality and therapeutic failure, and evaluate antimicrobial and infection control strategies. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational studies published between 2015 and 2025, in English or Spanish, on hospitalized patients with VRE infection or colonization were included. Quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), complemented by narrative analysis and comparative tables. Results: A total of 29 studies met the criteria from 1,612 records, with samples ranging from 46 to over 9,000 patients from Europe, America, and Asia. Colonization varied between 4% and 43%, and mortality reached 50%. E. faecium showed higher resistance, mortality, and hospital stay. Linezolid and daptomycin showed variable results, while control measures reduced transmission. Discussion: Prevalence varied by region and population. Most studies presented a low to moderate risk of bias, although methodological differences and sampling limitations existed. Resistance was related to therapeutic failure, especially in E. faecium. Conclusions: Vancomycin resistance represents a growing challenge, with a worse prognosis and limited therapeutic options. It is essential to strengthen surveillance, optimize antimicrobial use, and develop new treatment and control strategies. Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, vancomycin resistance, antimicrobial therapy, epidemiological surveillanceItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de la lactoferrina como tratamiento para la anemia ferropénica en niños: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Garcia Zambrano , Litta Daniela; Pacheco Campoverde, Iván FabricioBackground: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global public health problem, especially in children, affecting cognitive, motor, and immune development. Treatment with iron salts is effective but causes gastrointestinal side effects that affect adherence. Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein with high affinity for iron and anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a more tolerable alternative. This study aims to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability in children with IDA in Ecuador, compared with conventional treatment. Objectives: To generate scientific evidence to improve the management of iron-deficiency anemia in children, optimizing treatment adherence and effectiveness. A systematic review of clinical and observational studies in lactoferrin for the treatment of IDA in children was conducted, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO between 2015 and 2025. Methods: Studies involving children with iron-deficiency anemia, an intervention with lactoferrin, compared with placebo or iron supplements, and at least one outcome on efficacy (hemoglobin, ferritin) or safety were included. Studies in adults, non-representative samples, or publications without peer review were excluded. Selection was conducted in two phases by independent reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the NHLBI tools and the ROB 2 tool, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Relevant clinical data (hemoglobin, ferritin, dose, treatment duration, and demographic characteristics) were extracted and standardized to evaluate the comparative efficacy of lactoferrin, using effect measures and risk ratios. Keywords: childhood anemia, iron deficiency, lactoferrin, alternative treatment, public health.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia del dienogest en el tratamiento de la endometriosis frente a los análogos de la GnRH: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Heras Cisneros , Doménica AlexandraEndometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects women of reproductive age and is associated with symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. Available treatments include dienogest and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs. Both treatment modalities have been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms; however, significant differences have been reported in recurrence rates, quality of life, and adverse effects. Objective: To compare the efficacy of dienogest with that of GnRH analogs in the treatment of endometriosis through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews with meta-analyses published between 2020 and 2025 will be included. Searches will be performed in major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, and SciELO. Results: Dienogest and GnRH analogs are similarly effective in managing endometriosis-related pain and recurrence. Dienogest has a more favorable safety profile, with fewer hot flashes and less vaginal dryness, although it is associated with a higher incidence of irregular bleeding and weight gain. GnRH agonists may cause bone loss and should be limited to 6 months when not combined with add-back hormonal therapy. Sequential treatment with GnRH agonists followed by dienogest may improve treatment adherence and reduce adverse effects. Furthermore, dienogest is more cost-effective for postoperative management. Keywords: Endometriosis, dienogest, GnRH analogs, quality of life, recurrenceItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la detección de cáncer de cuello uterino en estudiantes de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, sede Azogues en el periodo marzo 2025-agosto 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Gallegos Núñez, María Belén; Mora Vásquez, María IsabelBackground: Although preventable, cervical cancer remains a cause of mortality in Ecuador. Identifying gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices among students can help strengthen reproductive health education. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among female students at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Campus Azogues, during March to August 2025. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Campus Azogues, from March to August 2025, with institutional approval. Participants were adult students enrolled in the Medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Law, and Criminology programs. Students with cervical cancer, a history of hysterectomy, pregnancy, or those who did not provide informed consent were excluded. Stratified sampling was used to ensure representativeness. Results: The study included 357 students, primarily aged 18–20, from urban areas, and unmarried, with a predominance of medical students. A total of 64.4% had low levels of knowledge, 59.7% had moderate attitudes, and 82.1% engaged in inadequate preventive practices. Preventive behaviors were significantly associated with race (knowledge: χ²=38.770, p<0.001; attitude: χ²=25.486, p=0.001; practices: χ²=12.194, p=0.016) and marital status (practices: χ²=13.245, p=0.010). Conclusions: Students demonstrated basic knowledge about cervical cancer but were unaware of the frequency of (HPV) Human Papillomavirus detection and progression. Despite favorable attitudes toward prevention, cultural, economic, and emotional barriers persist. Preventive practices were mostly inadequate, and academic and sociodemographic factors influence behaviors, highlighting the need to strengthen reproductive health education. Keywords: cervical cancer, students, prevention, screeningItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas de las parroquias de San Francisco y Aurelio Bayas del cantón Azogues según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - enero 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Rojas Rojas, Paula Annabel; Suárez Brito, Vanessa VeronicaBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent chronic disease that causes serious complications and significantly affects public health, especially in regions such as Latin America. In fact, many cases go undiagnosed for a long time. Objective: To establish the risk of T2DM in the adult population aged 20 to 64 years according to the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) questionnaire in the parishes of San Francisco and Aurelio Bayas in the canton of Azogues, Cañar, Ecuador, during the period October 2024 to January 2025. Methodology: An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study with a descriptive approach was conducted among 347 randomly selected individuals aged 20 to 64 years. The FINDRISK questionnaire was administered, informed consent was obtained, and the Ethics Committee (CEISH) granted approval. Results: The study found that most participants were young adults and women. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity (71.2%) and low physical activity (53.6%) was observed, and 22.5% of participants had hypertension. Associations were found between the risk of developing T2DM and factors such as age, family history, hypertension, physical activity, and BMI (p < 0.05). As age increased, the risk score also increased, and ANOVA confirmed significant differences in risk by age group. Conclusions: These findings reflect the urgent need to implement primary prevention strategies and promote healthy lifestyles, as well as to continue evaluating this population through follow-up and similar studies in other communities in the country. Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, prevalence, health promotion, EcuadorItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en adultos de las parroquias Borrero y Cojitambo del cantón Azogues según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - marzo 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Andrade Váquez , Johanna Anahi; Morocho Quizhpilema, Janeth AlexandraBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a public health problem. Rural populations are more vulnerable. Objective: To determine the level of risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults aged 20 to 64 years from the Borrero and Cojitambo parishes of the canton of Azogues through the application of the FINDRISK questionnaire during October 2024–March 2025. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 357 adults selected through stratified probability sampling (143 from Cojitambo; 214 from Borrero). The validated FINDRISK questionnaire was administered, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Statistical analysis was descriptive and bivariate, using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age was 41.8 years (95% CI: 40.3–43.3). A high or very high risk of developing diabetes was found in 21.0% of participants in Cojitambo and 26.2% in Borrero. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 77.9%. Significant differences between parishes were observed in sedentary behavior (49.7% vs. 62.6%; p = 0.015), inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (21.7% vs. 39.7%; p < 0.001), hypertension (19.6% vs. 35.0%; p = 0.002), and a history of hyperglycemia (35.0% vs. 46.7%; p = 0.027). Conclusions: There is a prevalence of risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in both parishes, with a predominance of modifiable factors. Preventive interventions focused on promoting physical activity and improving dietary patterns are required. These findings support the need to strengthen rural primary care. Keywords: adults, type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, FINDRISK, primary prevention.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Endocarditis infecciosa asociada a bacterias gramnegativas resistentes a carbapenémicos: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Maldonado Aldaz, Genesis Scarleth; Navarrte Suarez, Nayeli VicentaIntroduction: Endocarditis is a serious infection capable of causing valvular destruction, embolic complications, and organ failure. In recent years, increasing resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to carbapenems has created a new scenario for this disease because of their growing presence in healthcare settings and the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that may arise when they act as etiological agents. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on infective endocarditis caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, providing a basis for the understanding and comprehensive management of this emerging entity in medical practice. Methods: A PRISMA 2020 systematic review of cohort studies published from 2015 to 2025 involving adults with confirmed infective endocarditis, comparing the etiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Results: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli accounted for approximately 1.1% of all cases of endocarditis and 11% of cases in a series of endocarditis caused by Gram-negative. A high incidence of prosthetic was documented, with an in-hospital mortality rate ranging from 5% to 36.5%. A correlation was identified between advanced resistance, persistent bacteremia, and the absence of surgical intervention, along with the risk of resistance developing during treatment. Conclusions: It was observed that this type of endocarditis is uncommon but associated with high clinical severity, complex hospital settings, and exposure to procedures or prosthetic material. Outcomes depend on frailty, comorbidities, and an individualized antimicrobial approach with close microbiological monitoring. Keywords: carbapenemases, endocarditis, bacterial infections, prosthetic heart valves, bacterial drug resistanceItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas de las parroquias Déleg y Solano del cantón Déleg según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024-enero 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Morocho Sarango, Karelis Samantha; Ortiz Solano, Karla VivianaType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a growing public health challenge on a global scale, especially in rural areas where access to preventive and educational services is limited. In Déleg Canton, the insufficient characterization of population risk makes it difficult to design relevant interventions adapted to the local context. Objective: To determine diabetes risk in people aged 20 to 64 years from the parishes of Déleg and Solano through the implementation of the FINDRISK test. The association between sociodemographic variables, risk factors, and risk levels for the development of the disease was analyzed. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The FINDRISK tool was applied using stratified random sampling, considering sex and parish. The sample consisted of 340 people. Results: The findings showed a significant proportion of people at moderate to very high risk of developing T2DM. This indicates the need to implement screening strategies and educational programs aimed at primary prevention at the community level. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, FINDRISK, prevalence
