Actualización en el tratamiento de hepatitis tipo B. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B chronically affects millions of individuals worldwide and can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. General Objective: To identify current therapeutic options for the treatment of hepatitis B. Specific Objectives: To compare treatment guidelines for acute and chronic hepatitis B, assess the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies in chronic hepatitis B, and synthesize recent advancements in its management. The research question guiding this review is: What is the efficacy of current treatments for chronic hepatitis B in terms of viral suppression, improvement of liver function, and prevention of hepatic complications? Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Studies published in the last five years were considered, including both open-access and subscription-based formats, in English and Spanish. Studies unrelated to hepatitis B or lacking scientific rigor were excluded. Results: Fourteen scientific articles were analyzed: 60% from PubMed, 20% from Google Scholar, 10% from Scopus, and 10% from SciELO. Selection criteria included title, authorship, language, objectives, and findings. Discussion: The review highlights that acute hepatitis B generally does not require pharmacological treatment, whereas chronic hepatitis B is managed with antiviral agents such as tenofovir and entecavir due to their proven efficacy. Additionally, emerging therapies such as HeberNasvac and combinations with immunosuppressive agents are explored in specific cases. Keywords: hepatitis B, acute, chronic, therapeutic options, clinical efficacy