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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Aplicación de Deep Learning como inteligencia artificial para el diagnóstico del cáncer de cuello uterino en citología en base líquida en comparación con técnicas tradicionales: revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Cuenca Bravo , Daniel Leonardo; Floreano Almeida, Roberto HeansleyIntroduction Cervical cancer remains one of the main cancerous pathologies that causes death in women worldwide, especially in countries with scarce resources. Conventional cytology and histopathological analysis, although irreplaceable, are often based on the expert’s personal opinion and on technical equipment that is not always available. In this context, AI and, particularly, deep learning, is emerging as a profitable alternative to enhance health diagnostic processes. Objective: To analyze the impact of AI applications on the accuracy and effectiveness of histopathological diagnosis of cervical cancer through a systematic review of recent literature. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review covered scientific articles published from 2020 to 2025, retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Diagnostic cytology and histopathological case studies using deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks, were included in the review. The Rayyan platform assisted in record management, while QUADAS-2 was used to assess the risk of bias. Sensitivity, specificity, and clinical feasibility were considered as the main parameters. Expected Results: It is expected to identify AI methodologies with high diagnostic accuracy, as well as to demonstrate the challenges involved in their implementation in real clinical settings. The intention is to promote improvements in early detection systems and reduce health inequalities, particularly in resource-limited regions.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia y seguridad de ketamina + dexmedetomidina versus propofol en la sedación para endoscopias digestivas altas: una revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Garcés Villacís , Sheccid Slacknak; Lema Sumba , Magensy JohannaIntroduction: Sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy requires effective medications to ensure hemodynamic stability and patient comfort. Although propofol is frequently used, it can cause adverse effects. The combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine (Ketodex) has emerged as an alternative with a better safety profile. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Ketodex versus propofol in adult patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methodology: The review included studies published between 2019 and 2024, in English or Spanish, focused on patients over 18 years of age. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports were excluded. The search was conducted between November 2024 and April 2025 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 and JBI tools. Results: A total of 14 studies were analyzed, including clinical and observational trials, with a total sample size of more than 1,000 participants. Data were organized into comparative tables with clinical variables, outcomes, and adverse events. Ketodex demonstrated greater hemodynamic stability and faster recovery, whereas propofol was associated with higher rates of desaturation and hypotension. Discussion: The main limitations were methodological heterogeneity and the risk of bias in some studies. Despite these limitations, the results with Ketodex were clinically relevant. Conclusion: The combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine represents an effective and safer alternative to propofol for sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La necesidad de tipificación del delito de Insider trading en el COIP.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Esquivel Parra, Eugenio Sebastián; Muñoz Vicuña, Francisco JavierIntroduction: In Ecuador, inside information is defined in Article 27 of the Securities Market Law, which also prohibits obtaining benefits from the use of such information in stock market transactions and establishes criminal liabilities not included in the (COIP) (Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, by its Spanish acronym). Objective: To theoretically demonstrate the need to introduce insider trading as a criminal offense into the Ecuadorian legal system, with the aim of protecting the stock market and constitutional rights. Methods: This study employs exploratory and descriptive research, using legal-dogmatic methods based on Ecuadorian and selected foreign normative, doctrinal, and jurisprudential sources. Results: Currently, Ecuador establishes an administrative fine of 418 unified basic salaries, which may be lower than the benefit obtained by the trader. This study proposes regulations that would subject insider trading to criminal sanctions. Conclusions: In view of this gap in criminal legislation, a criminal offense with thresholds based on the seriousness of the conduct, a fine proportional to the benefit obtained, and a provision preventing double sanctions is proposed. Keywords: privileged information, Insider Trading, securities market, Non Bis In Idem, criminalizationItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria emergentes: evidencia científica sobre ortorexia, permarexia y diabulimia.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Pintado Campoverde, Johan Josue; Cárdenas Aguilar, Manuel EduardoThis study aimed to analyze and synthesize the available scientific evidence on orthorexia, permarexia, and diabulimia as emerging phenomena related to eating disorders. A literature review of scientific studies published in specialized databases was conducted, considering their characteristics, associated factors, assessment, consequences, and difficulties in diagnostic delineation. The results showed that orthorexia was characterized by excessive concern about food quality and purity, accompanied by dietary rigidity, perfectionism, and a need for control, although difficulties persisted due to the heterogeneity of assessment instruments. Permarexia was associated with dietary restriction, weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and sociocultural factors; however, specific evidence on this phenomenon was limited, and some of the findings were derived from research on related phenomena. Regarding diabulimia, deliberate insulin omission or restriction was identified as a behavior associated with weight concerns, body image, and various psychological and metabolic consequences. In conclusion, all three phenomena demonstrated clinical relevance but showed different levels of scientific support. The evidence was more consistent for orthorexia and diabulimia, whereas permarexia showed a larger research gap, highlighting the need to strengthen research, assessment, and diagnostic differentiation.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Adaptación del cuestionario de empatía de Toronto (TEQ) como instrumento de evaluación psicométrica enfocado en animales de compañía(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Ortega Falconí , María EmiliaIs empathy essential to veterinary practice? Evidence suggests that empathy enhances the understanding of companion animals´ emotional states and strengthens the human-animal bond, promoting more ethical animal care and contributing to the development of a more compassionate society. This study aimed to evaluate the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) as a psychometric instrument for assessing empathy toward companion animals. The TEQ was adapted for assessing empathy toward companion animals and administered, together with the original questionnaire to 200 university students aged 18-25 years from different academic disciplines, who participated anonymously and voluntarily. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed according to academic discipline and gender and differences were assessed using Student´s t-test (p < 0,05). The adapted questionnaire yielded a higher proportion of empathetic participants (54%) tan the original version (49%). Veterinary Medicine students exhibited the highest proportion of empathetic individuals (61%) compared with students from the other academic disciplines, while female participants demonstrated higher empathy levels (59%) than male participants (46%). Although statistically significant differences were observed among academic disciplines (p < 0,05) no significant differences were found between the original and adapted questionnaires. These findings suggest that the study population exhibits comparable levels of empathy toward companion animals and humans. Moreover, the adapted TEQ represents a promising instrument that has the potencial to serve as a valuable psychometric tool for investigating the human-animal bond, guiding strategies to enhance animal welfare, and helping prevent profesional burnout among future veterinarians. Keywords Gender, burnout, veterinary medicine, human-animal bond, empathy
