Envíos recientes
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Efectos de la metformina en la microbiota intestinal en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Chavez Prieto, Harman Steven; Molina Montero, Martín Andrés; Esqueda Jiménez, Aleifel Antonio; 0105930606; 1718711086
Metformin is currently the most widely used oral antidiabetic, it has been shown to modify the characteristics of the intesti-nal microbiota of people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, by altering more than 80 bacterial strains. To determine the effects of metformin on the intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review of the literature was carried out in: SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct and Taylor and Francis, the words for the search equation they were obtained through the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS), the selected terms were Metformine, Gut microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus, type 2, inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Results: Six articles on the effects of metformin on the intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were analyzed, where alterations of the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla were found, with their most representative genera being Clostridium, Lactococcus, Megamonas and Prevotella.. Metformin interacts and modifies the conformation of the intestinal microbiome, contributing to the decrease in blood glucose levels
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Quiste aracnoideo intracraneal a causa de trauma craneoencefálico en paciente pediátrico. Reporte de caso
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Sarango Feijoo, Angie Carolina; Ochoa Aucay, Jorge Eduardo; 0750671968
Introduction. Arachnoid cysts are a benign lesion filled with cerebrospinal fluid coated with an arachnoid membrane. Their association with head trauma is infrequently reported. Choi and Kim were the first to postulate that childhood head trauma may in some cases contribute to their pathogenesis. Objective. Describe the case of a pediatric patient with a cranial deformity in the left temporal region that was evident after a head trauma in the same region, the surgical management and his evolution. Methodology. Case report performed by retrospective collection of information through access to the patient's physical and digital medical history with prior authorization of the legal Introduction. Arachnoid cysts are a benign lesion filled with cerebrospinal fluid coated with an arachnoid membrane. Their association with head trauma is infrequently reported. Choi and Kim were the first to postulate that childhood head trauma may in some cases contribute to their pathogenesis. Objective. Describe the case of a pediatric patient with a cranial deformity in the left temporal region that was evident after a head trauma in the same region, the surgical management and his evolution. Methodology. Case report performed by retrospective collection of information through access to the patient's physical and digital medical history with prior authorization of the legal
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Implicación de la disbiosis intestinal en la obesidad
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Machado Fernandez, Maria Gracia; Mora Domínguez, Gina Fabiola; 0104931530
The gut microbiota has been determined to regulate many physiological processes through interactions with the host, such as digestion of food, absorption and metabolism of nutrients, synthesis of vitamins and bile acids, as well as modulation of innate immunity. and mucosa, epithelial growth, development of layers, prevention of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, and even regulation of host gene expression. The alteration of these processes due to intestinal dysbiosis could be involved in the pathophysiology of Obesity. A balance between the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a low amount of Proteobacteria has been associated with a healthy gut microbiota. Prevotella, Veillonella, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Streptococcus, Faecalitalea, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia. Proteus. Shiguella and Fusobacterium were associated with obesity. Studies have revealed various environmental factors such as excessive consumption of fatty and sugary foods or exposure to stressful factors as causes of intestinal dysbiosis; however, there is also an important hereditary genetic component that predisposes to the development of the intestinal microbiome, reaching the conclusion that intestinal dysbiosis could be a trace of both the environment and hereditary genetic material and predispose future generations to these metabolic alterations. Microbials associated with weight loss may have therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic diseases, including A. muciniphila, las, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia. Assessment of universal biomarkers of the gut microbiota in obesity can be applied for early prediction and potential targets for adjuvant obesity treatments.
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Roxadustat y daprodustat para el manejo de la anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Montaño Quezada, Yuleisy Nicole; Reibán Espinoza, Esteban Adrián; 1105914384
Introduction: Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors are a new class of oral drugs used for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease. They stimulate the production of endogenous erythropoietin, by stabilizing the hypoxia-inducible factor, a transcription factor responsible for the induction of genes that are necessary for cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor also regulates the gene encoding divalent metal transporter 1 and duodenal cytochrome B, which regulates iron transport from the intestinal lumen to enterocytes. In addition, these drugs also have the ability to reduce hepcidin production and increase iron utilization, resulting in a decreased need for iron supplementation.
Objective: to describe the advantages and disadvantages of roxadustat and daprodustat for the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease.
Methodology: Descriptive bibliographic review. The information search was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, using inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting articles from the last 5 years, in Spanish and English.
Results: prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors such as roxadustat and daprodustat have been shown to be well tolerated in patients with chronic kidney disease dependent on dialysis and have an effect similar to that of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in increasing hemoglobin levels
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Utilización de células madre para el tratamiento de pacientes con osteogénesis imperfecta
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Fajardo Loayza , Yuliana Belen; Ramírez Portilla, Cristian Carlos; 0750187080
Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disease in which a group of connective tissue disorders occur and result in skeletal abnormalities characterized by bone fragility and deformation. This pathology presents with a higher density of bone mineralization that is accompanied by a low bone mass, which will cause fragility, skeletal deformations and repeated fractures. Currently the therapeutic approach is diverse, but new treatment methods have emerged such as the use of stem cells. The aim of this review is to explain the characteristics of stem cell treatment for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Material and method: a bibliographic search was carried out through the use of indexed journals obtained from scientific search engines such as: PubMed, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink.
Results: it was found that stem cells have a great capacity to differentiate into local components, which helps them to secrete cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that are essential for tissue regeneration; In addition, those that present better results are of fetal origin and that have been administered early in children.
Conclusions: the current approach to stem cell treatment in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta continues to be experimental, despite the beneficial results that have been obtained, and all this as a result of certain ethical and safety considerations that have arisen in various studies.
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Terapia génica mediante el CRISPR/CASS en el síndrome de Hutchinson Gilford
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Sanchez Eras , Kerly Lizbeth; Ramírez Portilla, Cristian Carlos; 0705865533
Hutchinson Gilford syndrome is defined as a disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern that is observed from the pediatric age, generating the appearance of accelerated premature aging due to a genetic mutation. The diagnosis is generally made in the first year of life due to the clinical manifestations that these patients present. Treatments to date are still under investigation, which seek to reversible the effects caused by this disease, in addition to being able to prevent it from manifesting. The present work consists of a bibliographical review, in which searches were carried out in the digital scientific bases.
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Lesiones térmicas recurrentes en piel acral tras exposición a temperaturas bajas. Reporte de caso
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Robles Delgado, María Cristina; Moreno Dávila, Ana Patricia; 1105866303
Introduction. Erythema pernio is a condition that presents as an abnormal reaction to low temperatures, due to a prolonged vasoconstriction which leads to inflammation and hypoxemia of the vascular walls; it generally occurs in countries with very cold climates. The disease was first described by William Tomas in 1894 as "dermatitis hiemalis". The largest number of cases was reported during World War II.
Objective. To know the main findings of the clinical evolution and diagnosis of chilblains, in order to serve as a contribution to the medical scientific community. Methodology. A clinical case report was used in relation to chilblains, through the retrospective collection of information by accessing the clinical history by means of the patient's authorization through informed consent. A bibliographic review was included to corroborate the case information.
Results. A 21-year-old female patient attended a Dermatology outpatient clinic where she reported recurrent dermatological manifestations on hands and feet for 5 years, after several treatments that she does not remember, she presented slight improvement and several episodes of remission and exacerbation. On physical examination she presents violaceous macules and erythematous papules of 1 mm over erythema, distributed bilaterally on distal phalanges of fingers and toes, while on the back of hands, palms and soles she presents scarce erythematous papules, some of them ulcerated.
Conclusion. Being an infrequent disease in our environment, it is not usually diagnosed in a timely manner and therefore it is treated ineffectively, thus worsening the clinical pictures of patients and even putting their lives at risk. With the presentation of this case we hope to contribute to the scientific community to learn more about the management of pernio
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Retraso del lenguaje en niños asociada a la malnutrición: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Ordoñez Briceño , Madisson Melisa; Moncada Granda , Briggitte Elizabeth; Guerrero Ortiz, Fabricio Byron; 1105733388; 0706500691
Introduction: From the moment of gestation and the first years of the child's life, nutrition plays a very important role for child development, which is why different investigations have found that there is a marked relationship between nutritional status and better performance. cognitive, where malnutrition Objective: To assess the relationship between malnutrition and delayed language development. Methods: Full-text studies, clinical trials, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, observational studies, published from 2018 to 2023 were included. Results: The PRISMA criteria were used to select the articles, which are presented in flowchart 1. Conclusions: As a conclusion of this research, it can be highlighted that children who have malnutrition have a high probability of prevalence of developmental delay, which mainly leads to language delay, for this reason it is extremely important that there is good control for the timely identification and proper handling.
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Dependencia emocional en víctimas de violencia de género y su repercusión en la autoestima
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Quizhpi Idrovo, Kelly Angela; Vintimilla Espinosa, María José; 0106305741
The subject of emotional dependency is quite well known today, but little treated. The high rates of patients reveal the degree of carelessness and lack of interest in solving this problem, which has even led to extreme cases of exposure to violence, especially and with great predominance, violence against women, especially in Latin American regions, affecting turn to a large extent on the quality of life and even giving way to different aggravating pathologies such as depression. Everything already described represents the starting point of this research, therefore the main objective is focused on describing emotional dependence in victims of gender violence and its impact on self-esteem. The present review, for its part, shows that the types of parenting styles play an important role in the development of the dependency factor, in the same way maladaptive schemes, sociocultural background, characteristic traits, both individual and relational, and attachment styles and even exposure to substances. illicit In general, there are symptomatological, evolutionary and sensitive to different personal realities that are treatable and avoidable when detected in time, a very relevant step to take into account and implement is the fight against stigma and misinformation, Respecting limits, recognizing value and self-love, resilience, psychotherapy, leisure and recreation activities will guarantee a positive impact on the magnitude of the incidence today.
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Hábitos alimenticios e índice de masa corporal en adolescentes: Revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Paida Sucuzhañay, Cristian Alfredo; Bravo Navarro, Wilson Hernando; 0302614532
According to the research conducted, in recent years, the number of adolescents with inadequate or poor nutrition has increased, which is why they have become a vulnerable group. This study aimed to determine adolescents’ eating habits and body mass index (BMI) through a literature review. This investigation adopts a qualitative approach and is based on literature research. The review involved an electronic search for articles on eating habits and BMI in adolescents, using indexing sources such as Google Scholar, SciELO, Medline, and PubMed, with particular emphasis on studies conducted with university students in health sciences schools. The bibliographic search yielded 15 articles, most of which reported instances of overweight among adolescents. BMI data indicates that 55% of adolescents are classified as "underweight" according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. This predominance may be attributed to low-fat diet consumption and regular physical exercise. Nevertheless, a more in-depth analysis is required to obtain conclusive results from this research. These findings may be useful for extrapolating data to the adolescent population.
Keywords: eating habits, body mass index, nutritional status.
