Efectividad de fisioterapia como tratamiento al esguince de tobillo. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To assess different physical therapy modalities in treating ankle sprain. Methodology: A systematic, retrospective, and descriptive review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria comprised scientific articles published from 2019 to 2024 in English or Spanish, indexed in scientific databases, full text, and free access. Exclusion criteria comprised articles that did not meet the established timeframe for publication, covering topics related to incomplete fractures or sprains of other body parts. PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Springer, and Web of Science databases were used to identify the studies. The articles' bias risk was evaluated using Cochrane Review Manager 5.4.1. The results were synthesized and presented in a summary table with the following sections: title, author, country, year, type of study, results, and associated factors. Results: Ten randomized clinical trials involving 405 participants were included and assessed physiotherapeutic strategies such as Kinesio Tape, mobilization with movement, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, strength training, and functional training in the reduction of edema, pain, mobility and improvement in strength, balance, and functionality of the ankle in patients with lateral ankle sprain. Conclusions: Physical therapy offers several effective strategies for treating ankle sprain. Techniques such as Kinesio Tape, mobilization with motion (MWM), electrical stimulation (TENS and NEMS), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation have been demonstrated to improve functional recovery, reduce pain, and decrease edema significantly. Keywords: sport, sprain, physiotherapy, ankle, treatment