Asistencia al control prenatal como factor predictor de bajo peso al nacer. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Assisting with quality prenatal care reduces the chances of having neonates with low birth weight (LBW), whereas non-attendance or attendance at fewer than four visits relatively increases the incidence of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Objective: To correlate prenatal care attendance as a predictor of low birth weight. Methodology: It was a bibliographic review of articles, clinical practice guidelines, and documented systematic investigations of scientific databases in the last five years in Spanish and English, such as PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, Uptodate, and Google Scholar based on the PRISMA 2020 declaration criteria. Results: Twenty-four articles were analyzed to determine the importance of prenatal care at the first level, risk factors associated with LBW, and its complications. Discussion: Prenatal care is a fundamental pillar of maternal-fetal well-being based on risk identification, health promotion, education, and therapeutic intervention to prevent maternal and neonatal complications. LBW is associated with the mother's and the fetus's biological, psychological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Early and late consequences of LBW include neurological and respiratory disorders, such as pulmonary immaturity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and long-term comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type II.