Actualización del tratamiento en pacientes con Síndrome de Meniere. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Meniere's syndrome is an inner ear disease characterized by recurrent rotatory sensorineural vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss. Several pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic options must be individualized to improve patients' quality of life. Objective: To analyze the therapeutic options for Meniere's Syndrome treatment. Methodology: This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Treatment is based on reducing the intensity of the symptoms and consists of implementing hygienic-dietary measures such as restricting salt and caffeine, managing stress, and rest. Medication such as betahistine or diuretics is often associated with controlling inner ear pressure. In refractory cases, treatment can be alternating with intratympanic medicines; in the most severe cases in which pharmacological treatment does not work, different types of surgical interventions can be considered to alleviate vertiginous crises. Conclusions: It was possible to focus the treatment on modifying the patients' lifestyle; this involves reducing salt intake and avoiding caffeine, sugar, and alcohol. Physical exercise, sleep, and stress management also play a fundamental role. The most commonly used drugs to prevent vertigo attacks in Meniere's disease are diuretics and/or betahistine.