Actualización del diagnóstico y manejo de la rinitis alérgica en pacientes pediátricos

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is a common disease in children and adolescents. It presents a prevalence of 8% to 15% in the child population worldwide (1) Objective. This work aims to inform about the different diagnostic methods and therapeutics used in this pathology in pediatric patients. Method. It is a bibliographic review of non-experimental documentary design based on PRISMA guidelines. For this research, a compilation of different scientific articles and systematic reviews was conducted, consulting high-impact databases, such as PubMed and SciELO. The search was limited to articles published in the last five years in Spanish and English. Results: Thirty-one articles were reviewed, and 26 were selected for relevance. Five articles were excluded, as four had a publication date older than five years, and one had incomplete information. The key elements for diagnosing allergic rhinitis include an adequate anamnesis and a proper physical examination. The treatment of allergic rhinitis is pharmacological (antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, among others) and non-pharmacological (avoiding contact with allergens). Conclusions. Allergic rhinitis involves inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It is essential for medical professionals to diagnose, treat, and follow up ith patients appropriately to improve their quality of life and those around them.