Trabajos de Titulación - Medicina

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  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Dolor agudo postoperatorio con clonixinato de lisina versus sulfato de magnesio
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Coello Correa, Santiago Javier; Carrera Reyes, Rosa Eulalia; 0302655211
    Introduction: Acute postoperative pain occurs after a surgical intervention, which may or may not be planned depending on comorbidities and possible complications during the intraoperative period or a combination of both. These widespread pains are estimated to be present in at least four out of every five patients. They are managed with opioid analgesics. New pharmacological techniques such as magnesium sulfate and lysine clonixinate are being investigated. Objective: To review the management of acute postoperative pain with lysine clonixinate and magnesium sulfate. Methodology: A literature review was conducted using searches on digital platforms such as Elsevier, Springer Link, and PubMed. Keywords like magnesium sulfate, lysine clonixinate, acute postoperative pain, and Boolean operators AND, OR were employed to optimize results. Results: From an original group of 105 scientific articles, 45 were selected as applicable according to predefined objectives. The pharmacological administration of lysine clonixinate and magnesium sulfate in managing acute postoperative pain was effective and safe. The frequent complications presented by magnesium sulfate were bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory paralysis, delayed recovery, and abnormal vision; when lysine clonixinate was administrated gastritis and platelet anti-aggregation occurred. Conclusions: The pharmacological administration of lysine clonixinate and magnesium sulfate in managing acute postoperative pain was effective and safe, providing postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic stability, reduced opioid consumption, and lower rescue analgesia, with a low incidence of complications.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Impacto de la colonoscopía en la detección precoz del cáncer colorrectal en población masculina”. Revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Fernández Esquivel, Carlos Manuel; Maldonado Valverde, Andrés Sebastián; 0704694421
    Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among them we have colorectal cancer, with its acronym CRC, which is the second most common cancer in men and the third in women. Detection and surveillance by endoscopic processes have been implemented because men have a higher risk and higher rates of adenomas, advanced adenomas and CRC compared to women. Colonoscopy is the preferred method because it can detect preneoplastic lesions and eliminate them. Objective: To describe the impact of colonoscopy for the early detection of colorectal cancer in the male population. Method: Narrative literature review. Results: About half of the population with neoplasms or CRC detected are men with a mean age of 50.9 years; localized adenomas are found in the distal colon in more than 50% of patients. A healthy lifestyle and recurrent controls have been associated with longer and recurrence-free survival. Among the most commonly used clinical methods to detect this neoplasm are white light colonoscopy, high definition virtual chromoendoscopy, standard colonoscopy and AI-assisted colonoscopy, these methods that allow early detection of CRC, manage to decrease the mortality rate. Conclusions: Medical findings have shown that colonoscopy reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer significantly, making it currently the preferred method for detecting adenomas and CRC.
  • Ítem
    Embargo
    Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Montero Ortiz, Carlos Eduardo; Mauna Duque, Sebastián; Clavijo Rosales, Claudia Gabriela; 0106643373; 0105178916
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Uso de los análogos del glucagón GLP1 como tratamiento en pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Chacha Coronel, Paul Andrés; Ochoa Bravo, Andrea Catalina; 0107083040
    Introduction: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease of multifactorial origin, which can lead to both physical and psychological impairment of the individual. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) analogs help regulate intake by slowing gastric emptying and inducing satiety, as they act directly on hypothalamic satiety centers, reducing both binge eating and cravings for certain types of high-calorie foods in the short term. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of GLP-1 glucagon analogs in treating overweight and obesity through a literature review. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted on studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, controlled clinical trials, case-control, and cohort studies, and literature reviews reporting updates on the use of GLP-1 analogs for obesity treatment from 2018 to 2023 in English and Spanish languages. Results: Twenty-six articles were selected, where it was observed that GLP-1 produced in the gut could signal appetite centers in the brain, as vagal afferents express GLP-1 receptors and are activated by enteric GLP-1. Weight loss is expected with GLP-1 receptor agonist-based therapies, attributed to the effects of GLP-1 on slow gastric emptying and its well-recognized side effects of nausea and vomiting. The main adverse effects of GLP-1 are nausea and vomiting, pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, thrombocytopenia, angioedema, ARF, benign and malignant thyroid C-cell tumor. Conclusions: GLP-1 decreases the gastric emptying rate, thus increasing the sensation of satiety, which is suggested as a mechanism by which GLP-1 regulates appetite.
  • Ítem
    Embargo
    Relación entre ética y confiabilidad del secreto médico en el registro electrónico de datos de salud
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Mejía Arpi, Johnny Ricardo; Bravo Pesántez, Claudio Esteban; 0106741671
    Objective. This research discussed the relationship between ethics and reliability of medical confidentiality in electronic health records. Theoretical framework. It addresses the relationship between the ethics and the reliability of medical confidentiality in the context of electronic health records. The historical, legal, and conceptual background of medical confidentiality is reviewed. The advantages, challenges, standards, and recommendations for the proper use of electronic health records are analyzed. Some ethical and legal dilemmas are considered, such as data protection, informed consent, reliability, and disclosure. Methodology. It consisted of a systematic review and a bibliographic meta-analysis. Specific databases were used. Data from selected studies were extracted and analyzed, identifying trends, patterns, and critical points on the subject. Results. Ethics in electronic health record research is central, addressing permissions and underlining the importance of transparency. Clarity in this context is essential to ensure ethical and legal practices. Conclusions. This study highlighted that implementing electronic records in prehospital care improved the efficiency and quality of patient care, optimizing resource management and speed in emergencies. It was identified that although the digitization of medical data presents challenges in the protection of privacy, these risks can be mitigated with strict security measures and encryption protocols.