Trabajos de Titulación - Medicina
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- ÍtemEmbargoConocimiento sobre Clave Obstétrica Roja y Azul en Internos Rotativos del Hospital de especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca-Ecuador. 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Culcay Córdova, Iván Santiago; Vargas Loayza, Verónica Nicole; Muñoz Arteaga, María Verónica; 0107589863; 0107475816; Muñoz ArteagaAntecedents: Obstetric codes were created to support health staff in being better prepared when attending obstetric emergencies since they help facilitate communication and coordinated efforts to prevent maternal death. In Ecuador, the estimated number of women who die from obstetric causes is 150 per year, and among these causes is obstetric hemorrhage. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified maternal care as a public health priority. Therefore, it is recommended to create prevention, management, and control programs to reduce maternal deaths. However, after a literature review, it was shown that the interns’ knowledge level was average. Consequently, it is considered necessary to perform this test in Ecuador. Objective: To determine the knowledge about the Red and Blue Obstetric Code among Rotating Interns at the “José Carrasco Arteaga” Specialty Hospital, Cuenca-Ecuador, in 2024. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 80 rotating interns of the “José Carrasco Arteaga” Specialty Hospital who have already rotated or are rotating in the gynecology and obstetrics area. The study used a validated test by the author Gomez Y (36). Results: The rotating interns at the “José Carrasco Arteaga” Specialty Hospital demonstrated an average level of knowledge in the three universities surveyed. The University of Cuenca had the highest average knowledge level with a frequency of 17 participants representing 25.8%, followed by the Catholic University of Cuenca with a frequency of 13 participants representing 19.7%, and finally the University of Azuay with a frequency of 12 participants representing 18.2%. The Catholic University of Cuenca had the highest frequency among the rotating interns surveyed, with 42 participants representing 63.6 %. Conclusions: The study determined that in 2024, most rotating medicine interns at the “José Carrasco Arteaga” Specialty Hospital in Cuenca, Ecuador, presented an average level of knowledge regarding the Red and Blue Obstetric Codes, representing a 63.6%.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEl uso de ácido acetilsalicílico y reducción del riesgo de cáncer colorrectal(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Córdova Unuzungo, Javier Bladimir; Clavijo Rosales , Claudia Gabriela; 0706990280Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies in Western countries. Its high incidence and mortality rates require emerging prevention and detection measures. In this context, the duality of a healthy lifestyle and chemoprevention are the fundamental pillars of reducing CRC incidence rates. Specifically, aspirin can infer the progression of normal colonic mucosa to adenocarcinoma. Methodology: Observational literature review. Twenty-one articles registered in electronic databases in English and Spanish were analyzed. In the search for studies according to the eligibility criteria, keywords in English and Spanish were applied, along with Boolean search operators. Information was collected following the PRISMA guidelines and its PICO strategy. Data were recorded in customized tables. Results: Most of the studies consulted support the protective effect of aspirin not only in preventing CRC cancer but also in treating this neoplasm and its recurrence. On the other hand, in vitro and rat studies have supported the usefulness of aspirin in combination with other compounds such as cisplatin and gamma-tocopherol. Conclusions: Aspirin has proven helpful in the chemoprevention of CRC and has also shown a protective effect in the treatment and recurrence of already diagnosed CRC.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoLos alimentos transgénicos como disruptores endocrinos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Brabo Abril, Romel Dario; Vanegas Izquierdo, Patricia Elizabeth; 0106395825; 9BT2024-MTI038Introduction: Genetically modified foods have been the subject of debate and concern due to their potential impact on human health and the environment. One of the less understood aspects of this controversy is their possible role as hormonal disruptors, substances that can interfere with the endocrine system and have harmful effects on health. Objective: This research aims to characterize genetically modified foods as endocrine disruptors, exploring their properties and mechanisms of action that could affect the human endocrine system. Methodology: An exhaustive literature review of scientific investigations and publications on genetically modified foods and their potential as endocrine disruptors was conducted. Studies addressing specific properties of transgenic foods and their possible mechanisms of disruptive action on the endocrine system were selected. Results: The literature review revealed significant evidence suggesting that specific components in genetically modified foods may have endocrine-disrupting properties. Studies highlighting the impact on reproductive health, thyroid function, obesity, and other aspects of human health were identified. Conclusions: Genetically modified foods may act as endocrine disruptors, raising concerns about their effects on human health. Further research is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms better and assess the safety of genetically modified foods regarding exposure to endocrine disruptors. Additionally, effective regulations and public awareness are also necessary to address this issue comprehensively.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoUso de glifozinas y finerenona en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 portadores de enfermedad renal crónica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Maldonado Castillo, Pedro Nicolàs; Bueno Castro, Andrés Santiago; 0105828123; Bueno Castro, Andrés SantiagoChronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) as co-existing diseases have grown proportionally in prevalence and, therefore, need to be highlighted as a priority global health concern due to their associated increased risk of mortality. DM is one of the main causes of CKD, affecting approximately 40% of adults diagnosed with this pathology. DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, which can lead to vascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy, and can progress to end-stage renal disease, so adequate glycemic control is significant, as well as a comprehensive management in preventing and treating these patients. Finerenone is presented as a new drug approved for treating CKD with albuminuria linked to type 2 DM, highlighting its mechanism of action and pharmacological differences with other medications, besides the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (iSGLT2) inhibitors in managing type 2 DM and their impact on preventing progression of CKD. The importance of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach in managing patients with DM and CKD is also addressed, as well as the need for future research to examine the efficacy of combining therapy with Finerenone and iSGLT2 in CKD.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEstado nutricional en pacientes geriátricos a través del Mini Nutritional Assessment en el Hogar Cristo Rey. Cuenca. 2023(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Chacho Ullauri, Erika Gabriela; Peña Cordero, Susana Janeth; 0107942138Antecedents: Malnutrition is caused by a lack of intake or assimilation of nutrients, which causes body-level alteration and affects physical and mental functions. Objective: To assess the nutritional status of geriatric patients through the Mini Nutritional Assessment in the “Hogar Cristo Rey” center in the city of Cuenca in the period 2022 and 2023. Methodology: The design of the study is observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. It was conducted on 115 geriatric patients in the “Hogar Cristo Rey” center in Cuenca, province of Azuay. The research was developed in the period 2022-2023. The sample was census-based. The data were collected by a validated Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) survey. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first part, sociodemographic data and associated diseases were collected. In the second phase, nutritional status was evaluated by applying the test, and anthropometric measurements such as weight, upper arm, and calf circumference were also taken. The data were processed in the SPPS database. Results: In the sociodemographic variables, most of the population are women with 59.1%, the predominant age is 75-90 years with 62.6%, 56.5% are widowed, 60% of older adults are at risk of malnutrition, and 14.8% are malnourished. The concomitant diseases most frequently found in the study population were arterial hypertension, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the nutritional status of institutionalized geriatric patients was evaluated through the Mini Nutritional Assessment, demonstrating a high risk of malnutrition in this population
