Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/25
Examinar
Envíos recientes
Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Tolerancia farmacológica y falta de respuesta terapéutica tras el uso prolongado de alprazolam: reporte de un caso clínico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Chacha Pintado, Andrea EstefaniaProlonged use of benzodiazepines, especially alprazolam, has been associated with the development of pharmacological tolerance, dependence, and decreased therapeutic response, constituting a relevant clinical problem due to its physical, psychological, and social repercussions. This study presents a descriptive and retrospective case report of a 56-year-old female patient with a history of anxiety and chronic insomnia under long-term treatment with alprazolam. The methodology included a comprehensive nursing assessment, review of the patient's medical records, follow-up of the patient's progress, and comparison of the clinical findings with available scientific evidence. During the clinical course, a progressive loss of therapeutic efficacy was observed, manifested by an increase in anxiety symptoms, the need to increase the dose to achieve the same clinical effect, and the appearance of signs consistent with drug dependence. Sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating, mild withdrawal symptoms, and impaired work performance were also identified. The care plan focused on symptom management, monitoring for adverse effects, and education on the safe use of the medication. The patient's clinical progression demonstrated that prolonged use of alprazolam can promote the development of tolerance and dependence, compromising therapeutic efficacy and quality of life, which highlights the importance of early detection, continuous nursing follow-up, and the implementation of multidisciplinary strategies to promote the rational use of benzodiazepines and prevent complications associated with their prolonged use. Keywords: Alprazolam, Benzodiazepines, Drug tolerance, Substance-related disorders, Anxiety disorderItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Trastorno de estrés postraumático en enfermeras de áreas críticas durante la pandemia de COVID-19: una revisión de alcance(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) García Jiménez , Paula Nayeli; Guamán Pintado , Sthéfany TatianaIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant emotional distress among nursing staff, particularly those working in critical areas such as intensive care units (ICUs) and emergency medical services (EMS). Constant exposure to critically ill patients, fear of infection, excessive workload, and frequent contact with death contributed to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, BVS, Scopus, and ProQuest. Terms related to PTSD, nursing, critical care, and COVID-19 were used. Studies published between 2022 and 2026 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. A total of 18 studies were included in the final analysis. Results: Studies showed that PTSD was the primary psychological disorder experienced by nursing staff working in critical care areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main contributing factors were the work environment, work overload, staff shortages, emotional exhaustion, and continuous exposure to suffering. Furthermore, resilience, family support, and social and organizational support were identified as protective factors against PTSD. Conclusions: PTSD significantly impacted nursing staff in critical care areas during the pandemic. The findings demonstrate the importance of strengthening the psychological support network, improving working conditions, and promoting spaces for emotional support and/or follow-up. Keywords: nursing, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Critical care nursing, Intensive care units, COVID-19.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectos de la intervención nutricional en adultos mayores en Latinoamérica: Una revisión de alcance(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Brito Vintimilla, Evelyn Dayana; Parra Peralta, Poleth AntonellaTo explore the scientific literature on the effects of nutritional interventions in older adults in Latin America: a scoping review. The methodology was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, with inclusion and exclusion criteria defined across the SciELO, Latindex, LILACS, Dialnet, Redalyc, PubMed, and Mediagraphic databases. Twenty-two studies were selected that address how nutritional interventions improve nutritional status, muscle mass, and quality of life in older adults, particularly when combined with education, supplementation, and exercise. However, these findings have methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and a lack of standardization, which restrict the generalizability of the results and long-term evaluation. It is concluded that nutritional interventions among older adults in Latin America can improve nutritional status, function, and quality of life provided that they are implemented as components of an integrated approach that includes nutrition education, supplementation, and physical activity. Keywords: older adults; intervention; nutrition; quality; Latin America.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , EMBARGADO POR MOTIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Andrade Lazo, Mateo Alexander; Guayanay Lapo, Lissbeth Carolina...Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , EMBARGADO POR MOTIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Mejia Ordoñez, Esther Olivia; Pugo Tacuri, Juan Gabriel...Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , EMBARGADO POR MOTIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Morillo Ordoñez, Joseph Isaías...Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , EMBARGADO POR MOTIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Miranda Riera, Johanna Marisol...Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , EMBARGADO POR MOTIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Naula Chabla, Daysi Mariela...Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , EMBARGADO POR MOTIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Sanango García, Ana Estefania; Quizhpi Paucar, Jessica Elizabeth...Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , EMBARGADO POR MOTIVOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) León Siguencia, Wilmer Alexander...Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , Proyecto de titulación embargado con fines publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Toapanta Fernández, Gabriela CarolinaTrabajo de titulación embargado con fines de publicación.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Encefalitis por Anticuerpos Anti-NMDA y Otras Variantes Autoinmunes: Perspectiva Clínica y Terapéutica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Castro López, Danae JanicceAutoimmune encephalitis mediated by antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (antiNMDA) is a serious neurological disorder of immunological origin that most commonly affects young women and is characterized by nonspecific neuropsychiatric symptoms. Its multiphase clinical presentation makes early diagnosis difficult, as it can be confused with primary psychiatric disorders, delaying treatment and worsening the prognosis. Objective: Analyze the clinical case of anti-NMDA autoimmune encephalitis in the context of nursing practice, integrating evidence-based information to strengthen the approach and management of this type of pathology. Methodology: The type of research was a descriptive, retrospective clinical case study. The technique used to collect information was through a review of medical records, and the pathology was described by compiling articles extracted from recognized databases such as Scopus, PorQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, etc. The inclusion criteria covered articles published in the last five years, in Spanish and English. A review of scientific publications was carried out to construct the theoretical framework. The report follows the general principles of health writing, related to the Vancouver structure and style: definition of the pathology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, consequences, nursing care plan, and medical treatment. Results: The patient received immunotherapy and multidisciplinary support, achieving a favorable outcome with partial recovery. Conclusion: Anti-NMDA autoimmune encephalitis represents a clinical challenge due to its onset with nonspecific neuropsychiatric symptoms that delay diagnosis. The case analyzed highlights the importance of early recognition and the use of specific tests to improve prognosis. Nursing staff play an essential role in monitoring, managing complications, and educating families. Continuous training of the healthcare team and psychoeducational support for caregivers were shown to be key pillars for optimizing recovery and quality of care. Keywords: Encephalitis; NMDA receptor antagonist; neuropathology, neuropsychiatry; immunotherapy; neurological disorders.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Deleción Cromosómica 1q44 y su Impacto Multisistémico: A Propósito de un Caso Clínico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Cango González, Yuri ThalíaThis study presents a case of terminal deletion in 1q44, associated with alterations in fatty acid metabolism, delayed cognitive development, epilepsy, and hypopituitarism. The influence of a home nursing care program on the patient's treatment is also analyzed. Objective: To describe the nursing care implemented/provided to a minor diagnosed with a chromosomal deletion that shows evidence of a fatty acid metabolic disorder, global neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, and hypopituitarism, and to evaluate its impact on her quality of life. Methodology: Clinical follow-up was conducted between 2019 and 2024 through a review of medical records and bibliographic analysis. The protocol included nursing interventions aimed at metabolic control, seizure management, neurosensory stimulation, and strengthening family support. Results: Glucose stabilization, a 60% decrease in the frequency of epileptic seizures, improvements in muscle tone, sensory responses, and sleep quality were observed. Likewise, the role of the family as the center of care was strengthened. These benefits were maintained until the patient's death. Conclusion: A comprehensive and palliative approach in the home environment is an effective strategy for improving quality of life and preserving dignity in the treatment of complex genetic diseases, demonstrating the relevance of specialized nursing care in the family setting. Keywords: Microdeletion, metabolism, development, epilepsy, hypopituitarismItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico: Perspectiva Clínica Y Tratamiento: Caso Clínico Ilustrativo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Chocho Sumba , Johanna FernandaIschemic stroke (IS) is a medical emergency caused by the obstruction of a cerebral artery, leading to an interruption in blood flow and, consequently, neurological deficits that vary depending on the affected region. This condition is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, making early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach by the healthcare team crucial, especially the role of intensive care nursing. Objective: To analyze a case of ischemic stroke to highlight relevant data on the disease and the most important nursing care. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study of a clinical case of ischemic stroke, with a holistic approach that integrates healthcare, teaching, and research experience from admission to discharge. A systematic review of the medical record was performed, and a search was conducted in high-impact databases (Scopus, PubMed, WoS, LILACS, and ProQuest) for literature published in the last five years. The case is presented chronologically, detailing clinical findings, laboratory and imaging studies, as well as medical and nursing interventions under an intensive and humanized care model. Inclusion criteria were applied based on complete records with informed consent and exclusion of insufficient data, ensuring confidentiality and ethical-scientific rigor. Results: A 72- year-old patient with clinical symptoms and neurological findings underwent a brain CT scan, which showed an extensive hypodense lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with involvement of the brain stem. These findings suggest clear signs of intracranial hypertension, which represents a life-threatening situation, especially considering his multiple comorbidities and the potential risk of acute deterioration. Conclusion: Early care and systematic reassessment were decisive in identifying and treating the cerebellar infarction before herniation. Multidisciplinary management, combining strict hemodynamic control, osmotic diuretics, and respiratory support, favored edema reduction and neurological stability. Keywords: Cerebral vascular disease; cerebral ischemia; cerebral ischemic vascular event; thrombectomy.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Intervenciones de enfermería en adultos mayores con sarcopenia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Barros Sigua, Jhoanna Paola; Coronel Chogllo, Tania ElizabethAbstract: Sarcopenia is a clinical disorder characterized by the progressive reduction of muscle strength and mass, beginning in the third decade of life and increasing with age, leading to physical weakening, vulnerability, disability, dependence, and an increase in health problems and mortality rates. Methodology: This research is a narrative literature review based on the analysis of original articles consulted in scientific databases: Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Redalyc published in the last 5 years, using search strategies through the different MeSH keywords such as "Sarcopenia", "Aged", "Nursing Care". Different search strategies were created, combined with the Boolean operator AND. Results: Sarcopenia is prevalent among elderly people, and in Ecuador, it reaches 61.2%. The most significant risk factors found included age, gender, body composition, diet, and physical activity levels. These factors can trigger problems such as reduced capacity to perform daily tasks, increased likelihood of falls, and vulnerability. Treatment for this pathology is based on building muscle mass and nutritional interventions. Conclusion: Nursing care for sarcopenia includes risk assessment, evaluation by functional patterns, in addition to interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and nutritional recommendations. Keywords: sarcopenia, aged, risk factors, nursing care, standardized nursing terminology.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano en las Américas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Tuba Pizarro, Nancy IsabelxxItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Intervenciones de Enfermería en pacientes adultos con sepsis(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Villalta Figueroa , María Belén.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Intervenciones de enfermería en cáncer de testículo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Vargas Macas, Bryan Ramiro; Ajila Calderón, Debbie NayeliTesticular cancer (TC) is characterized by the growth of malignant cells in the testicles and is more common in young men between the ages of 15 and 40. Objective: To identify the nursing interventions employed in patients with testicular cancer. Methodology: A literature review of studies published since 2019 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese was conducted. Scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, ProQuest, and Redalyc were consulted, using DeCS keywords: "testicular cancer," "incidence," "associated factors," "complications," "therapeutic approach," and "nursing care," along with the boolean operator AND to create search strategies. Results: In the U.S., 9,470 cases of testicular cancer were reported, while approximately 8,500 cases were identified in the Middle East and North Africa. Risk factors include family history, alcohol consumption, cryptorchidism, and a higher incidence was observed in individuals of African descent. Among the most common complications are metastasis, as well as anxiety and depression resulting from physical and emotional changes and treatment, which may include orchiectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Nursing staff play a fundamental role in the patient's well-being, providing physical and emotional support before, during, and after treatment. Conclusion: Although testicular cancer is rare, it has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Nursing care must be multidisciplinary to improve the patient's life and prevent associated complications. Keywords Nursing care, Testicular Neoplasm, Incidence, Therapeutics, Risk factors.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Intervenciones de enfermería en enfermedad de Crohn(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Arbito Quizhpi, Fátima Elizabeth; Loja León, Jennifer KarolinaCrohn's disease is described as a chronic and debilitating pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to clinical manifestations such as abdominal symptoms, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and systemic complications. Methodology: A narrative-type descriptive bibliographic analysis was conducted, focused on the review of scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Elsevier, as well as relevant institutional documents. Results: The prevalence of Crohn's disease is increasing, mainly affecting young adults, and a higher incidence has been observed in women. Associated factors include family history, smoking, and environmental factors. The most common complications include intestinal strictures, fistulas, and abscesses. The most used therapeutic approaches are anti- inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and biological. Western diets or similar ones are affect people's health. On the other hand, nursing interventions focus on patient education, emotional support, and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: Crohn's disease represents a significant medical challenge, and, although advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved disease management, the quality of life of affected patients remains lower than that of the general population. Nursing interventions are crucial to address the needs of these patients, emphasizing the importance of educational and emotional support. Keywords: Crohn's disease, Nursing care, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Quality of life.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Insuficiencia hepática en América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Lojano Fajardo, Daysi Tatiana; Siguenza Patiño, Erik AlexandraIntroduction: Liver failure is a serious condition that results in the failure of liver functions, affecting multiple organ systems. Research Questions: This study aims to analyze the prevalence of liver failure, the factors associated with this pathology, as well as its complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions performed in cases of liver failure. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in the databases of Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Dialnet, SciELO, Google Scholar, Google Books, Cochrane, and institutional websites of the Pan American Health Organization and Mayo Clinic; descriptors related to this pathology were used in the search, articulated by the Boolean operators AND, and OR. Results: This study revealed that acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has high mortality, prevalent in countries such as Brazil and Mexico. Among the risk factors, alcohol consumption, infections, and medications such as paracetamol were included. The most common complications are multi-organ failure and cerebral edema. Liver transplantation is key in advanced treatment; meanwhile, nursing interventions focus on monitoring, managing complications, and providing comprehensive support. Conclusion: ACLF is a liver pathology with high mortality and severe complications, especially in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and alcohol consumption. A multidimensional approach that includes the management of comorbidities and systemic support is crucial for improving survival. Liver transplantation and extracorporeal interventions are fundamental, complemented by the vital role of nursing staff. Keywords: Liver failure, prevalence, hepatic failure, nursing care.
