Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoCuidados de enfermería en pacientes con amputación por diabétes(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Saraguro Aguilar, Viviana Estefania; Paladines Alberca, Roy Aly; Parra Pérez , Carmen del Rocio; 1104536659; 0751076449Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by high blood glucose levels, with complications related to damage to vessels and nerves affecting the lower limbs, which can lead to amputation. Objective: To determine nursing care in patients with amputation due to diabetes. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted through a search of articles in scientific databases. Key words were used according to the descriptions of Health Sciences (DeCS) such as: amputation, nursing care, diabetes and diabetic foot. Results: The results showed a prevalence of diabetes of 9.3% globally, with Latin America with a percentage of 8% to 13%. As for diabetic foot syndrome, there was evidence of 70% of amputations worldwide. Neuropathies, diabetic foot ulcers, and vasculopathies are described among the most common factors, which generate postoperative complications such as post-traumatic stress, phantom limb pain, soft tissue ulceration, re-ulceration and re-amputation, producing psychosocial and psycho-affective alterations. The therapeutic approach focuses on healing, rehabilitation and multidisciplinary accompaniment, which contributes to the early recovery of patients, in addition to education that promotes self-care and the support of their relatives or caregivers. Conclusions: Diabetes requires care focused on patient and family education to prevent diabetic foot amputation and to be able to implement a care plan before, during and after surgery. Keywords: Amputation, nursing care, diabetes, diabetic foot.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con embarazo ectópico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Cuzco Patiño, Pamela Cristina; Cobos Alvarracin, Pamela Cristina; 0106070337Ectopic pregnancy is a complication that occurs during the gestational period and, in most cases, affects the woman or the fetus; however, there are situations in which it can affect both. This complication can manifest at various points during pregnancy. Objective: To conduct a literature review regarding the interventions performed by nursing staff in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: It will be a descriptive narrative review, which will be conducted by searching scientific databases such as SciELO, Scopus, Redalyc, Ovid, ProQuest, and Elsevier. Results: The prevalence of this pathology represents only 1% of all cases. Among the risk factors identified are prolonged exposure to alcoholic substances, the early initiation of oral contraceptive use, intrauterine device placement, and surgical procedures. Complications that may arise due to late diagnosis include severe bleeding. The clinical management of this condition involves the use of methotrexate. Conclusions: The performance of the nursing staff is essential for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy; in most emergency services, the second filter is characterized by the assessment of nurses; it is essential to have an educational process that addresses risk factors and characterizes patients who may present an ectopic pregnancy, this ensures effective diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Keywords: ectopic pregnancy, risk factors, nursing, prevalence, pregnancy complications
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en hepatitis b(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Aguinda Alvarado, Henrry Patricio; Chasi Sánchez, Joe Arthur; Toalongo Salto, Janeth Esperanza; 1500923907; 0106541949Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines HBV as a potentially fatal liver infection that affects the liver and can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer. Objective: To carry out a literature review on nursing interventions in hepatitis B. Methodology: A search study of bibliographic sources was carried out in the following scientific articles: Redalyc, Dialnet, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and institutional page such as the World Health Organization. Health (WHO). Results: From the articles examined, it was found that there is a high prevalence of hepatitis B in the adult population between 30 and 60 years old and affecting the male gender in most cases. Among the risk factors, it was possible to find tattoos, multiple sexual acts, needles or sharp objects infected with the virus. The complications found were the following ones: hepatocellular carcinoma and liver conditions. Meanwhile, the therapeutic approach focused on the administration of antivirals such as Tenofivir and nucleoside analogues. Finally, nursing interventions highlight the diagnosis and evaluation during treatment, as well as the emotional support that patients and family members receive. Conclusions: Health staff play a role in patient recovery and education so that they can identify the factors associated with hepatitis B disease to prevent its appearance and improve their lifestyle. Keywords: Hepatitis B, prevalence, complications, therapeutic approach, nursing intervention (source DeCS).
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en acalasia esofágica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Garzón Saeteros, Laura Azucena; Juela Neira, Sonia Fernanda; Cumbe Guerrero, Karla Maria; 0302618202; 0106400781Introduction: Esophageal achalasia, although a rare disorder, represents a pathology that requires attention because it affects the esophagus, preventing it from functioning correctly in the passage of food to the stomach. Objective: To determine the nursing interventions used in esophageal achalasia. Methodology: A literature review used documents from scientific databases such as SciELO, Mediagraphic, Redalyc, ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, and Taylor & Francis from 2018 to 2023. Results: The study found that achalasia affects both men and women, with the highest incidence occurring between 25 and 60. Although there is limited information on the associated factors, age, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases are highlighted. In terms of the therapeutic approach, botulinum toxin, surgical interventions such as Heller myotomy, pneumatic dilation, and Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) can be mentioned. Nursing interventions are essential as they cover patient care, providing support and guidance to the patient and their family, especially in the nutritional aspect. Conclusions: Despite being a rare pathology, it is essential to know its prevalence, associated factors, therapeutic approach, complications, and nursing interventions. This is because patients should be provided holistic care, depending on their individual needs, to prevent future complications or comorbidities. Keywords: achalasia, esophagus, risk factors, prevalence, nursing interventions (DeCS).
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en malaria(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Gálvez Cortes, Angie Estefanía; Pasato Sáenz , Wilmer Steeven; Allaico Muyudumbay, Ruth Cecilia; 0106356389; 0706741634Introduction: Malaria is a disease that originates through the bite of an infected mosquito of the Anopheles species and is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Despite efforts to combat it, malaria remains a significant burden worldwide and represents an ongoing medical and epidemiological challenge. Five species of Plasmodium can infect humans. Objective: To determine the importance of nursing interventions through bibliographic research. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out with a descriptive approach in which an exhaustive search of content was carried out in different databases such as Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, and Redalyc. Results: According to the WHO, 96% of the 241 million confirmed malaria cases are in Africa. Risk factors, especially geographical location, were highlighted as critical determinants of contagion of this pathology. The complications of this condition highlight the importance of using prevention methods and effective treatment. Within the promotion, there are repellents, highlighting this intervention as a fundamental role carried out by nursing professionals. Conclusions: Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia, where prevalence is high. Therapeutic advances, such as the first RTS, S/AS01 vaccine, mark milestones in prevention. Nursing interventions are crucial in the fight against malaria, promoting prevention and education.
