Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares del Guayas, Ecuador según la referencia OMS 2007 y local -2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Lozano Albarracin, Leslie Marina; Andagoya Tufiño, Britney Mellisa; Calderón Guaraca, Prissila Banesa; 0106992050; 1726173824Faced with the growing global challenge of childhood obesity, this analysis focuses on evaluating the nutritional status of school children in the Guayas Province, Ecuador. Rapid physical and childhood development, between 6 and 12 years of age, requires a comprehensive analysis of nutritional growth and development. To compare the nutritional status of 635 children (342 males and 293 females) using two reference criteria: national norms and WHO guidelines. Retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional observational approach, analyzing data on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) from a database of the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC). Anthropometric indicators were determined and classified according to national and WHO criteria, using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 software. The concordance between the references was evaluated using the Kappa index. There are significant differences in the BMI indicators between the national and WHO references, with a higher prevalence of obesity and thinness according to the national standard. In men, there was a decrease in overweight and an increase in morbid obesity, while in women, morbid obesity and thinness increased. This study highlights the need to adjust nutritional policies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of childhood obesity in Ecuador. The incidence of obesity and overweight in school-aged children in Guayas has increased significantly. However, few studies have evaluated in detail the current rates, associated factors, and their longterm implications. Keywords: Nutritional status; Child; Ecuador; WHO; Obesity; Overweight.Ítem Acceso Abierto Estado nutricional de escolares del Azuay-Ecuador según referencia local y OMS 2007(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Marin Piña, Marjorie Paulina; Domínguez Pillacela, Jessica Jomara; Mesa Cano, Isabel Cristina; 0105433049; 0150483246The research addresses the nutritional status of school children in Azuay, Ecuador, based on local references and WHO 2007 standards. An observational, retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 397 schoolchildren. INEC data were used to evaluate the anthropometric indicators of weight and height, applying both WHO 2007 and local references, also IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 software was used for statistical analysis and calculation of the Kappa index to evaluate the concordance between both references. The results showed significant differences between the two references, with a higher prevalence of nutritional problems according to WHO, the concordance between the references was low to moderate, indicating discrepancies in the assessment of height and weight. The study highlights the need to consider multiple references for a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status, the discrepancies identified may influencethe implementation of health policies and programs, underlining the importance of a multidimensional approach to improve the health and well-being of schoolchildren in Azuay. Keywords: Nutritional status, Reference standards; Child; WHO; BMI-age.Ítem Acceso Abierto Ataxia Cerebelosa(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Gonzalez Carrión, Paola Alejandra; Mesa Cano, Isabel Cristina; 1900566942In the field of dentistry, notable advancements have been achieved over the recent decades, with a focus on therapeutic efficiency and enhancing the patient experience. One of the pivotal challenges in this domain pertains to expediting dental movement, which has the potential to reduce the duration of orthodontic treatments and minimize adverse impacts on periodontal tissues. Analyze a case of cerebellar ataxia to show relevant data on the disease and the most important nursing care. Descriptive, retrospective clinical case study. The technique used to collect case information was by reviewing the clinical history and to describe the pathology by compiling articles extracted from recognized databases such as: Scopus, PorQuest, Pubmed,Wweb of science, Lilacs. As inclusion criteria: articles published in the last 5 years, in Spanish and English. The legal ethical process is fulfilled with the signing of the assent. 28-year-old patient, diagnosed with cerebellar Ataxia from birth and 93% physical disability. Three visits are made, confirming that it is stable, quiet, and correct hygiene. The mother is guided in the post-consultations the importance of the diet she must carry, changes of position, taking medicines, hygiene that the patient should. Cerebellar ataxia is an alteration in the coordination of movements. Nursing care is essential for patients with cerebellar ataxia, as well as the guidance that these professionals can provide to the family about their care. Family support is essential so that with treatment and care they have a certain quality of life. Keywords: ataxia; neurodegenerative disease; nursing care.Ítem Acceso Abierto Estado nutricional en niños de 0 a 60 meses de la provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador – 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Jarama Herrera, Samantha Guadalupe; Mesa Cano, Isabel Cristina; 0150391779The nutritional status of children from 0 to 60 months of age is very important, as it has been shown that it continues to be a problem, as in some areas children suffer from wasting, chronic malnutrition, underweight, overweight and obesity, which can affect children’s development. Determine the nutritional status of children aged 0 to 60 months in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador, based on the standards established by WHO 2007. This study corresponds to an observational, retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional research, in which the research sample was obtained from the database of the National Institute of Statistics and Census, comprising a population of 259 individuals (122 boys and 137 girls). The standards established by the WHO 2007 in relation to height/age, weight/height, weight/age and body mass index were applied. Among the main results of this study, it was determined that there is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population aged 0 to 60 months with 28.5%, which is higher than the prevalence of chronic malnutrition with 22%, and that overweight and obesity is more prevalent in the rural sector with 32.5% compared to the urban sector with 25%. In conclusion, children aged 0 to 60 months in the province of Chimborazo have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as a higher prevalence of chronic malnutrition, which gives us to understand that overnutrition in this population is increasingly worrying, on the other hand, chronic malnutrition is still present in the child population, as well as underweight and wasting. Keywords: Nutritional status; Malnutrition; Undernutrition; Overweight and obesity; Wasting.Ítem Acceso Abierto Rotavirus en pacientes pediátricos a nivel de América Latina.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Armijos Chuchuca , Adonis Alexander; Palaguachi Tenecela, Ángel Efraín; 0705656080Introduction: Rotavirus is considered a double-stranded RNA virus of the Reoviridae family and is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children up to 5 years old and neonates, affecting the gastrointestinal system primarily. It is linked to socioeconomic and seasonal factors across Latin America. Objective: To determine the different rotavirus infections, their prevalence, associated factors, complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions. Methodology: This study is a literature review conducted by searching various scientific databases such as Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, SciELO, Redalyc, PubMed, ProQuest, VHL Regional Portal, and Dialnet. Results: The presence of rotavirus in different pediatric patients shows high prevalence rates: Mexico 60-70%, Argentina 80%, Colombia 93%, and Cuba 44.9%, among others. The persistence of this virus is mainly related to socioeconomic status and deficiencies in sanitation, education, and healthcare. Therapeutic approaches focus primarily on using the rotavirus vaccine through health programs. Finally, nursing interventions are based on the patient care process and promotion and prevention through education to increase knowledge about this virus. Conclusion: The information gathered indicates that rotavirus remains a public health problem due to Latin America’s high infant mortality rate. Keywords: Rotavirus infections, Latin America, risk factors, prevalence, rotavirus vaccines.Ítem Acceso Abierto Atención de enfermería en pacientes colostomizados a nivel mundial(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Garzó Estrella, Adamary Guadalupe; Ramírez Aguilar, Cristina Anabel; Parra Pérez, Carmen del Rocio; 1400718985; 0705749281Introduction: Colostomy involves exteriorizing part of the colon to allow the intestinal contents to exit, which can be temporary or definitive; therefore, the role of nursing in care, education for better self-care, and prevention of complications to improve the patient's quality of life are of great importance. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted by analyzing articles from indexed journals in scientific databases such as SciELO, Scopus, Redalyc, and ProQuest, published between 2018 and 2022 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Keywords were used according to the descriptors of Health Science (Descs), such as Colostomy, nursing care, and Standardized nursing terminology; in turn, search equations were formed using Boolean operators such as: "AND." Results: The results show different types of colostomies according to their location, having a high psychological impact on the patients that affects their social environment, family, work, and personal image. The nursing staff plays a vital role in the critical care of these patients, from the care of the colostomy education on self-care and the psychological support needed by the patient and family. Conclusion: Nursing care plays an essential role in the attention, health care, and education of colostomized persons who need a proper nursing care plan that responds to the needs of each person's manifestations. Keywords: Colostomy, Nursing care, Standardized nursing terminology.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en el síndrome de miller fisher(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Córdova Guillermo , Fanny Jessenia; Siguenza Patiño , Esthefany Dayanna; Palaguachi Tenecela, Angel Efrain; 0106323462; 0106451545Introduction: Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a clinically diverse disease, relatively symmetrical, involving both motor and sensory functions, with either a single-phase or recurrent progression. Objectives: To describe the prevalence, risk factors, complications, therapeutic approach, and nursing interventions in patients with DMF. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Redalyc, SciELO, Web of Science, and Taylor & Francis. Boolean operators (AND and OR) were used in the respective search equations as a search strategy. Results: The most significant findings revealed that the prevalence is high in East Asia, with an 87.5% positive diagnosis rate; in Ecuador, 185 cases were reported in 2012; in Chile, the prevalence ranges from 1.1 to 1.8 cases per 100,000 people, and in Colombia, it varies between 1% and 5%. Risk factors include pregnancy, potential associations with COVID-19 vaccination, and upper respiratory tract infections, particularly with Campylobacter jejuni. Complications range from respiratory and neurological difficulties, such as cranial nerve paralysis and speech problems. The treatment involves diagnostic imaging techniques, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), plasmapheresis, and steroids such as methylprednisolone. Nursing interventions encompass vital signs monitoring, specialized care, and rehabilitation. Conclusion: The percentage varies according to the geographical area and gender, taking a multidisciplinary approach to treating this complex condition. The implementation of intensive physiotherapy with comprehensive rehabilitation care coordination is crucial for improving the patient's clinical outcomes. Keywords: Miller Fisher Syndrome, prevalence, risk factors, ophthalmoplegia syndrome, nursing care.Ítem Acceso Abierto Amputación infracondilea transfemoral en adolescente con diagnóstico de osteosarcoma(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Segarra Parapi, Paola Michelle; Chillogalli Farez, Jonnathan Bayron; Puente Arroyo, Anita del Carmen; 0106803018; 0105671135Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor with a high incidence during childhood and adolescence, with important prevalence and incidence figures worldwide. It requires a multidisciplinary trained team in the timely identification of needs and prevention of complications, and the participation of nursing professionals is of great relevance. Objective: To determine the role of nursing professionals in the holistic care of osteosarcoma. Methodology: The analysis of a clinical case was carried out. Presentation of the clinical case: A 13-year-old female patient, with a history of osteosarcoma who underwent a supracondylar transfemoral amputation reported hyporexia, neuropathic pain at the stump level, soft tumor in the pelvic region. For the last four days, she presented exacerbation along with anorexia, asthenia, and photophobia. Results: The nursing assessment showed the main diagnoses for which care plans were established: knowledge deficit, nutritional imbalance, reduced physical mobility, sleep disorders, chronic pain, body image disturbance, and ineffective coping mechanisms. Conclusion: The inclusion of the nursing role is crucial in the recovery process due to the daily closeness with not only the affected individuals but also their families. Critical points highlight the domain of care, its objectives framed in preventing complications, and the relevant educational domain after the application of high-impact surgical therapies such as amputation, considering that it most frequently affects vulnerable groups such as children and adolescents. Keywords: Osteosarcoma, Amputation Stumps, Lower Limb, Adolescent, Chronic Pain.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes colostomizado por cáncer de colon(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Aviles Cerrufo, Jhandry Rubén; Puentes Arroyo, Anita del Carmen; 1105139156Colon cancer is defined, according to the WHO, as a pathology in which rectal cells multiply excessively within it; this type predominates in the left part of the colon canal. Objective: To identify priority nursing interventions in colostomized patients due to colon cancer. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in Redalyc, Scopus, and SciELO databases and institutional pages, with publications in English, Spanish, and Portuguese between 2019 and 2024. Results: Worldwide, by the end of 2024, the American Cancer Association expects a higher number of cases around the globe. It is the leading cause of morbidity. Its predisposing factors can be genetic, dietary, environmental, or lifestyle. The therapeutic approach contemplates diagnosis with colonoscopy and biopsies of abnormal tissue. Complications that may occur must also be taken into account, such as liver metastases, dermatitis, stoma ischemia, prolapses, and stenosis. Nursing interventions in colostomized patients include screening, emotional support, management of signs and symptoms, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. Conclusions: Colon cancer represents a global concern due to its increasing prevalence and high mortality. Its incidence is increasing, particularly among young people, which highlights the need to understand related factors, including genetics, an unhealthy diet, a sedentary lifestyle or little physical activity, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Within the Nursing Care Process, it is crucial to identify problems and plan interventions that optimize and improve the lifestyle of colostomized patients. Keywords: Prevalence, ostomy, cancer, treatment, nursing care, colon prevalence, cancer, cancer treatment, colon cancer.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en otitits bacteriana en pacientes pediátricos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Matute Landi, Viviana Lisseth; Morocho Morocho, Diana Elizabeth; Guapasaca Yanza, Ana Beatriz; 0106520828; 0106731367Introduction: Otitis is an ear infection caused by bacteria, mainly affecting the middle ear, causing pain, hearing loss, and fever in children. Methodology: A literature review was conducted using scientific databases such as Scopus, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Springer, Medigraphic, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The Health Sciences Descriptors DeCS/MeSH were used to obtain the following keywords: "otitis," "nursing care," “risk factors," "prevalence,” “treatment," “disease prevention,” “child,” “pediatrics,” “standardized nursing terminology” and “complications,” along with Boolean operators to establish search strategies. Results: The prevalence of bacterial otitis varies globally, with a notably high rate of 22.48% in the Balkan Peninsula. Associated factors include age, daycare attendance, environmental conditions, and exposure to cigarette smoke. Common complications are mastoiditis, with Bezold abscess being less frequent. Treatment involves the administration of antibiotics, surgical interventions, and tympanostomy tube placement. Nursing interventions focus on educating parents and providing quality care. Conclusions: Mastoiditis is the main complication of bacterial otitis. Nursing interventions emphasize the administration of medications during patient care and providing educational material to parents, which is key to reducing cases. Keywords: Otitis, prevalence, complications, nursing care, pharmacotherapyÍtem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en hepatitis A(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Mora Morales, Marjori Silvana; Castro Salinas , Josselinne Verenise; Toalongo Salto, Janeth Esperanza; 1150337978; 0106253487Introduction: The hepatitis A virus (HAV) constitutes an important public health problem worldwide. This pathology is characterized by liver inflammation, and its transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route through contaminated water or food intake. Therefore, a lack of hygiene contributes to its spread. Objective: To develop a literature review focused on “Nursing interventions in hepatitis A.” Methodology: An analysis of bibliographic sources was conducted using scientific databases such as SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the institutional page of the World Health Organization (WHO), among others. Results: The reviewed articles showed a high prevalence of the disease in endemic areas affecting the general population. Among the associated factors, a low socioeconomic level, illicit drug use, ingestion of contaminated food, and low vaccination coverage were found. The most frequent complications are fulminant autoimmune hepatitis, acute liver failure, and problems during pregnancy, such as premature placental abruption, fetal liver injury, and mother-to-child transmission. Regarding the therapeutic approach, there is no pharmacological treatment. However, there are options, such as vaccination and hygienic practices, to combat it. Finally, nursing interventions focus on promoting and preventing this disease. Conclusion: The role of nursing is essential in the prevention and management of hepatitis A; it goes from strictly following infection control practices to the administration of vaccines, actively contributing to efforts to eradicate this pathology. Keywords: Hepatitis A, risk factors, complications, prevalence, nursing role.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en la malnutrición de los adultos mayores(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Juca Mendoza, Jessica Maria; Gordillo León, Evelyn Thalia; Cumbe Guerrero, Karla María; 0106140189; 1105063950Introduction: Malnutrition is a pathological condition characterized by deficiencies or excess food intake, leading to a caloric or nutrient imbalance caused by poor eating habits. This condition results in the development of associated pathologies and complications that affect the patient’s physical health and functional ability. Nursing staff must intervene promptly to identify malnutrition and monitor and control the nutritional status of older adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in the older adult population and identify associated factors, therapeutic approaches, complications, and nursing interventions in their nutrition. Method: A literature review was carried out in scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Taylor & Francis to gather evidence on several strategies and approaches in nutritional care for this vulnerable population. Results: Malnutrition in older adults is a significant concern with a high prevalence and associated factors such as functional dependence and chronic diseases. Its complications range from weakness to compromised immunity. The therapeutic approach includes a thorough assessment, customized nutritional planning, and multidisciplinary monitoring. Nursing interventions are crucial for monitoring nutritional status, educating on healthy eating habits, and coordinating comprehensive care. Conclusions: Malnutrition is a highly prevalent disease in older adults, often associated with underlying comorbidities. Early therapeutic intervention and efficient nursing interventions can reduce the potential complications in this population. Keywords: Malnutrition, older adults, prevalence, therapeutic approach, interventions, complications, nutritional care, associated factors.Ítem Acceso Abierto Malos hábitos alimentarios y su impacto en el rendimiento académico en los adolescentes de latinoamerica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Merchán Heras, Jessica Karina; Hernandez de la Cruz, Cielo Cecilia; Martínez Ortiz, Mariana Alexandra; 0105789366; 1083555937Eating disorders are based on bad eating habits, whether due to excess, lack, poor quality or inadequate meal times. Objective: To conduct a literature review on poor eating habits and their impact on academic performance in Latin American adolescents. Methodology: The research was carried out in the following scientific data platforms: Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and SciELO, obtaining 50 scientific documents. Results: The prevalence in the countries with the highest incidence of poor eating habits was Mexico, with 94% of adolescents having poor eating habits; in Honduras, 71.9% consumed junk food, while in Cuba, 29% consumed fruits and vegetables. In Ecuador, adolescents consumed a large amount of junk food; however, in Azogues, 66.3% of young people had low, medium, and high-quality eating habits. Regarding the associated factors, it was found that the most influential are the socioeconomic and educational variables. Concerning the impact of poor eating habits on academic performance, it was identified that adolescents who do not have a poor diet are affected in their academic achievement; as for the therapeutic approach to malnutrition, this should be multidisciplinary. Finally, in nursing interventions, it was recommended to promote nutritional health through lectures and educational programs. Conclusions: Poor eating habits among adolescents in Latin America lead to chronic non-transmittable diseases and the risk of becoming overweight and obese. Keywords: Eating habits, adolescents, nursing, nutrition, Latin America.Ítem Acceso Abierto Insuficiencia renal en adultos mayores(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sanchez Chillogalli, Kevin Paúl; Toalongo Saltos, Janeth Esperanza; 0705530681Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, renal insufficiency is a health condition in which the kidneys cannot properly filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. Objective: To conduct a literature review on "Renal Insufficiency in older adults." Method: A descriptive bibliographic analysis was conducted using a narrative approach, structured with scientific articles obtained from the following databases: SciELO, Dialnet, Medigraphic, Redalyc, PubMed, health institutional websites, and the Spanish Society of Nephrology. Results: In older adults, Chronic Kidney Disease has a higher global prevalence among men at 14.11%, compared to 13.6% in women. The most predisposing risk factors include older age, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and family history. Common complications include anemia, immune system alterations, chronic inflammation, osteodystrophy, and hormonal imbalances. Within the therapeutic approach, the following are utilized: dialysis, dietary control, and pharmacological treatment, which includes finerenone, canakinumab, pentoxifylline, statins, (SGLT2 inhibitors), and the combination of angiotensin receptor blockers and neprilysin inhibitors. Nursing interventions encompass education, a humanistic approach, guidance throughout treatment, and primary care such as hand hygiene, use and handling of protective barriers, and monitoring physiological indicators. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is a common condition in adults with various factors that may influence its development. The significant role of nursing staff throughout the patient care process is emphasized. Keywords: kidney failure, elderly, prevalence, treatment, nursing careÍtem Acceso Abierto Alteraciones nutricionales en escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad en América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Arcentales Landi , Karen Liseth; Cumbe Guerrero, Karla María; 0106353428Introduction: School-age is a stage of growth and development, where nutrition plays an important role; children need nutrients that cover the nutritional requirements of the organism, as well as, the daily energy expenditure. A deficient diet in quantity, quality, and unbalanced places the child in a situation of vulnerability to present nutritional alterations and consequent morbidity in adulthood, thus decreasing the quality of life of the individual. Objective: To determine which nutritional alterations occur at school age, associated factors, nutritional assessment methods, therapeutic approach, and nursing intervention in Latin America. Methodology: A literature review was made of documents published in scientific databases during the last five years in both Spanish and English, related to nutritional problems school children have. Results: From the review of articles, malnutrition, overweight, and obesity were identified as the main nutritional disorders; socioeconomic, environmental, and sociodemographic factors are associated with these pathologies. As a method of nutritional evaluation, the WHO proposes BMI in children from two years of age; assessment, diagnosis, and interventions (promotion, prevention, rehabilitation, and control) in the child, family and community are part of the therapeutic approach and nursing intervention. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis, adequate treatment, and intervention aimed at correcting nutritional alterations in children, in their home, school, and community environment allow the control and reduction of school children with nutritional problems, improving their quality of life. Keywords: school children, nutrition, malnutrition, undernutrition, overweight, obesityÍtem Acceso Abierto Infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Martínez Ojeda, Jonnathan Oswaldo; Lazo Pillaga, Pablo Isaias; 0106770597Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are defined as complications arising during the patient's hospitalization period in the intensive care unit owing to the patient's critical condition and the devices used in treatment. Objective: To collect relevant information from a search of scientific papers on healthcare-associated nosocomial infections. Methodology: The research was descriptive, different high-impact scientific databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Redalyc, Scielo, and Researchgate published from 2016 to the present were inquired. A total of 38 field articles, 5 review articles, 1 indexed book, and 6 articles corresponding to the World Health Organization, Ministry of Public Health, and Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security were included. Results: the prevalence of nosocomial infections presented a high percentage in the countries of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador in 2018. Several factors can trigger infections such as advanced age, chronic diseases, and the use of invasive devices; however, certain preventive measures can be applied such as proper handwashing, knowledge of guidelines and protocols for invasive procedures. Conclusion: Patients who are admitted to a hospital unit are at high risk of contracting an HAI; therefore, the entire health care team must follow certain guidelines for the prevention of this adverse event. Keywords: prevalence, risk factors, causal agent, nursing interventions, nosocomial infectionsÍtem Acceso Abierto Proceso enfermero en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Brito Delgado, Katherine Gabriela; Yaguana Lema , Johanna Elizabeth; Parra Pérez, Carmen del Rocío; 1401060825; 0302705348Introduction: The nursing process plays an essential role in the care of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome since being one of the causes of mortality worldwide creates an enormous impact on the development of health, demonstrating that nursing provides timely, safe, and humane care according to the need of each individual, family, and community. Objective: To conduct a literature review on the nursing process in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted in the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Dialnet, Redalyc, and Virtual Health Library, obtaining a total of 73 documents; of which 5 are literature reviews, 65 original articles, and 3 documents from WHO, DANE and INEC. Results: A higher prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome was identified in men and the age ranged from 44 to 77 years; the factors were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, sedentary lifestyle. Treatment depended on the approach adopted by the health professional among these beta-blockers, statins, and percutaneous coronary intervention; while, preventive measures focused on modifying lifestyle; on the other hand, the nursing process from a holistic point of view assesses, diagnoses, and performs interventions according to the needs of the user. Conclusions: It is essential to know the prevalence, risk factors, therapeutic approach, preventive measures, and the nursing process of Acute Coronary Syndrome improving the health situation and reducing morbidity and mortality in this group of people. Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, prevalence, risk factors, secondary prevention, nursing.Ítem Acceso Abierto Infección de tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas a nivel de Latino América(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Tacuri Tacuri , Mercy Fabiola; Durazno Montesdeoca , Gloria Cecilia; 0150096477Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common pathologies during pregnancy in Latin America. It is defined as a process of infection caused by the proliferation of bacteria in any part of the urinary system, generally diagnosed through bacterial count (>100,000 colony forming units (CFU)/ml in a urine culture. Objective: To develop a litearature review of urinary tract infection in pregnant women in Latin America; to know the prevalence, risk factors, main complications, treatment, and nursing care to prevent UTI during pregnancy. Methodology: A structured research of articles and documents found in institutional pages of the health area as well as databases, such as Scopus, Springer, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, Pubmed, Medigraphic, Redalyc, and Scielo focused on the proposed topic was performed. Results: After conducting this study, the following results were obtained: the Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of UTI during pregnancy were Mexico, Cuba, and Ecuador, as opposed to Paraguay, which is the country with the fewest cases; multiparity was observed as the main risk factor and pyelonephritis as the most serious pathology, which can cause both maternal and fetal death. Conclusion: UTIs in pregnancy are a worldwide problem not only because of the maternal and fetal complications they can cause but also because of the high economic cost of treatment, therefore, early detection and education by health personnel are key prevention options. Keywords: Infection, Urinary System, Pregnancy, complications, Latin America, Nursing.Ítem Acceso Abierto Infección respiratoria aguda en niños menores de 5 años en Latinoamérica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Lituma Morocho,, Fabiola Jessenia; Vega Sumba, Maribel Valeria; Mesa Cano, Isabel Cristina; 01056841112; 1400625123Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are caused by different microorganisms, their signs and symptoms will appear suddenly in a period of approximately 10 to 15 days, mostly affecting children under 5 years old. Objective: To present the scientific evidence with the greatest impact on acute respiratory infections. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted by accessing scientific databases, Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, Pubmed, Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet. Furthermore, scientific documents from institutional health pages, Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health (MSP, in Spanish), Ministry of Health of Peru, Government of Mexico, Pan American Health Organization "Ecuador" (PAHO), Ministry of Health of Colombia, World Health Organization. Results: There is evidence of few studies despite being a pathology that causes high mortality. Complications among them pneumonia, pharyngitis, bronchiolitis of viral origin are the most common. The risk factors that stand out are determinants derived from poverty and malnutrition. Antimicrobial treatment and self-medication are evident. Vaccination as a nursing strategy in conjunction with maternal education is developed in various settings. Conclusion: The prevalence of ARI in Latin America is high. If they are not treated in due time, they increase mortality in this vulnerable age group and increase costs for the health system. The number and consequences of these complications could be avoided with health prevention and maternal education. Keywords: respiratory infections, latin america, children, risk factors, complicationsÍtem Acceso Abierto Sepsis neonatal en Latinoamérica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Cajisaca Inga, Johnny Fabian; Pesantez Calle, María Fernanda; 0106915622Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacterial, viral, or fungal origin that is associated with hemodynamic changes and other clinical manifestations, which cause morbidity and mortality in neonates. In Latin America, 190.000 children die within the first 28 days, 70% of these deaths can be due to preventable causes. In both Latin America and the Caribbean, there are considerable inequalities between countries and within countries, mortality rates can vary markedly between rural and urban populations. Objective: To conduct a literature review on neonatal sepsis at the Latin American level. Methodology: An exhaustive bibliographic review of digital documents was carried out in the following scientific databases: Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Medigraphic, Redalyc, PubMed, Scielo, Dialnet, Imbiomed; 51 scientific documents were used; of which 19 were used in the introduction and 32 that answered the research questions. Results: Regarding the incidence in Latin America, there are variations with a higher incidence (54.8%) in Haiti, followed by Mexico (54.5%) and Ecuador (44.3%). The Dominican Republic has the highest mortality rate with 43.3%; the most common germ that causes early and late-onset neonatal sepsis is Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rate of neonatal sepsis in Latin America persists with greater incidence although it has decreased worldwide in recent years. This is because in Latin America exist considerable inequalities between countries and gaps in social exclusion. Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, latin america, prevention, incidence, mortality.
