Insuficiencia renal en adultos mayores

Abstract

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, renal insufficiency is a health condition in which the kidneys cannot properly filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. Objective: To conduct a literature review on "Renal Insufficiency in older adults." Method: A descriptive bibliographic analysis was conducted using a narrative approach, structured with scientific articles obtained from the following databases: SciELO, Dialnet, Medigraphic, Redalyc, PubMed, health institutional websites, and the Spanish Society of Nephrology. Results: In older adults, Chronic Kidney Disease has a higher global prevalence among men at 14.11%, compared to 13.6% in women. The most predisposing risk factors include older age, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and family history. Common complications include anemia, immune system alterations, chronic inflammation, osteodystrophy, and hormonal imbalances. Within the therapeutic approach, the following are utilized: dialysis, dietary control, and pharmacological treatment, which includes finerenone, canakinumab, pentoxifylline, statins, (SGLT2 inhibitors), and the combination of angiotensin receptor blockers and neprilysin inhibitors. Nursing interventions encompass education, a humanistic approach, guidance throughout treatment, and primary care such as hand hygiene, use and handling of protective barriers, and monitoring physiological indicators. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is a common condition in adults with various factors that may influence its development. The significant role of nursing staff throughout the patient care process is emphasized. Keywords: kidney failure, elderly, prevalence, treatment, nursing care