Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes colostomizado por cáncer de colon

Abstract

Colon cancer is defined, according to the WHO, as a pathology in which rectal cells multiply excessively within it; this type predominates in the left part of the colon canal. Objective: To identify priority nursing interventions in colostomized patients due to colon cancer. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in Redalyc, Scopus, and SciELO databases and institutional pages, with publications in English, Spanish, and Portuguese between 2019 and 2024. Results: Worldwide, by the end of 2024, the American Cancer Association expects a higher number of cases around the globe. It is the leading cause of morbidity. Its predisposing factors can be genetic, dietary, environmental, or lifestyle. The therapeutic approach contemplates diagnosis with colonoscopy and biopsies of abnormal tissue. Complications that may occur must also be taken into account, such as liver metastases, dermatitis, stoma ischemia, prolapses, and stenosis. Nursing interventions in colostomized patients include screening, emotional support, management of signs and symptoms, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. Conclusions: Colon cancer represents a global concern due to its increasing prevalence and high mortality. Its incidence is increasing, particularly among young people, which highlights the need to understand related factors, including genetics, an unhealthy diet, a sedentary lifestyle or little physical activity, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Within the Nursing Care Process, it is crucial to identify problems and plan interventions that optimize and improve the lifestyle of colostomized patients. Keywords: Prevalence, ostomy, cancer, treatment, nursing care, colon prevalence, cancer, cancer treatment, colon cancer.