Trabajos de Titulación - Ingeniería Psicología Clínica
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/1865
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Una revisión sobre la eficacia del mindfulness self-compassion en mujeres mastectomizadas.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Pineda Malla, Jenifer Del Cisne; Cabana Maji, Zharick PaolaIntroduction: Globally, breast cancer in women represents a major public health concern, with mastectomy being the procedure with the greatest impact, affecting body image, self-esteem, and perceptions of femininity. Likewise, related studies highlight anxiety and difficulties in post-operative adaptation, underscoring the importance of psychological approaches that promote overall well-being. In this context, interventions based on mindfulness and self-compassion have become promising, although their application among women who have undergone mastectomy remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the effectiveness of the Mindful Self-Compassion intervention model on self-compassion, anxiety, and psychological well-being in women who have undergone mastectomy. Methodology: A qualitative literature review was conducted, examining theoretical and empirical studies retrieved from scientific databases, such as SciELO, Dialnet, Scopus, Redalyc, SpringerOpen, and Google Scholar. The selected studies addressed the implementation of the Mindful Self-Compassion model in oncological settings and its implications for related psychological variables. Results: The data showed that the Mindful Self-Compassion model was effective in increasing levels of self-compassion, reducing anxiety symptoms, and promoting significant improvements in the mental health of women who had undergone mastectomy. Additionally, improved emotional regulation and greater acceptance of experiencing illness were observed. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Mindful Self-Compassion model was an effective therapeutic tool for psychological intervention in women who had undergone mastectomy, offering significant benefits for their mental health and quality of life.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectos del confinamiento por Covid-19 en el desempeño cognitivo de los niños en edad escolar.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Valencia Campoverde, Fernanda GisselaThis research was conducted to analyze the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on the cognitive performance of school-aged children. The methodology consisted of a literature review with a qualitative approach and a descriptive scope. The search criteria were limited to publications between 2020 and 2024, and the search was conducted in scientifically recognized databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The results showed that the scientific literature indicated that lockdown affected executive functions, such as inhibitory control, working memory, and planning. Furthermore, the shift to remote learning led to learning losses, difficulties with self-regulation, and problems with sustained attention. It is important to note that the impact was not solely related to lockdowns and online classes. Differences were found based on factors such as economic status; that is, children from vulnerable socioeconomic backgrounds were more affected by the digital divide, unlike those who had access to technology and showed improvements in performance. Among the conclusions, it was found that lockdowns did affect the cognitive development of school-aged children. Other areas, such as social development, were also affected due to reduced interactions and changes in routines, which are counterproductive to brain plasticity during this developmental stage.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Convergencias teóricas entre el sistema reticular activador ascendente, la sintérgia y la ley de atracción.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Ramirez Torres, Diego VicenteIntroduction. The understanding of human perception has evolved toward models that recognize the active participation of the nervous system in the construction of subjective experience. However, while neuroscience has studied mechanisms such as the Ascending Reticular Activating System in the regulation of attention and consciousness, other conceptual approaches have addressed the influence of attention and intention from different perspectives. This diversity highlights the lack of analyses that integrate these perspectives within a unified theoretical framework. Objective. To analyze the theoretical convergences between the Ascending Reticular Activating System, the Syntropic Theory, and the Law of Attraction, based on the scientific literature. Methodology. A narrative literature review was conducted using a qualitative approach with an exploratory-analytical scope. Information was obtained by consulting specialized scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) using descriptors such as attention, perception, consciousness, intention, and ascending reticular activating system, combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Peer-reviewed articles and relevant theoretical sources were considered. Results. The reviewed literature shows that the Ascending Reticular Activating System has empirical support in the regulation of attention and states of consciousness, while neurocognitive models describe perception as a constructive process. Additionally, theoretical approaches indicate that the Syntropic Theory and the Law of Attraction address the relationship between attention, intention, and subjective experience from distinct conceptual frameworks. Conclusion. The theoretical integration suggests conceptual convergences, particularly regarding the active nature of perception and the influence of attentional processes on human experience.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Niveles de ansiedad en niños con autismo e intervenciones asistidas con perros: una revisión sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Campoverde Barros, Domenica Fernanda; Román Romero, Christian AlejandroAnxiety is an emotional state that is frequently increased in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Children with autism are constantly exposed to environments that require adaptation, change, and adherence to rules, which present a greater level of difficulty compared to neurotypical individuals. These conditions can trigger elevated levels of anxiety, often resulting in avoidant behaviors in response to stressful stimuli. The objective of this review was to identify existing evidence on the relationship between dog-assisted interventions and anxiety levels in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, through a systematic review. Therefore, to address this objective, a systematic review was conducted under the PRISMA statement through the search for studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases, in accordance with the exclusion and inclusion criteria established in this review. The findings indicate that dog-assisted interventions are associated with anxiety levels in children with autism, through the relationship between reduced distress and increased emotional regulation, facilitated by exposure to and interaction with the dog during the interventions. Various moderating variables that influence the outcomes were also identified. It is concluded that dog-assisted interventions may serve as a complementary support within a therapeutic context, integrated into an intervention plan, aimed at addressing anxiety levels and anxious responses to different factors in children with autism.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Trastorno de ansiedad social y su influencia en el rendimiento académico en adolescentes de Latinoamérica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Quezada Vásquez, Joselyn JanneryIntroduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a significant issue during adolescence, particularly in educational settings, where its symptoms interfere with school participation and negatively impact academic performance and knowledge acquisition—both of which are key to academic achievement. Objective: The study analyzed the influence of social anxiety disorder on the academic performance of adolescents in Latin America. Methodology: This is a literature review employing a qualitative, descriptive approach using various databases such as Scopus, Redalyc, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Results: Studies have shown that social anxiety affects the academic performance of Latin American adolescents by impacting their cognitive, physical, and social abilities, particularly in terms of attention difficulties, lack of motivation, low academic interest, fear, and insecurity—key factors for academic success. Conclusions: SAD and academic performance are not independent factors, as social anxiety influences interpersonal factors, including adequate or inadequate academic performance, along with environmental factors, including family support, peer approval, and the development of social skills.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Factores protectores y de riesgo en relaciones de pareja y su influencia en el bienestar psicológico en universitarios: una revisión sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Fajardo Orellana, Anthony LeonardoPsychological well-being in university students is associated with multiple personal and relational variables, including the quality of affective bonds. This systematic review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between protective and risk factors linked to interpersonal relationships and psychological well-being in university students. A systematic review of cross-sectional observational studies published between 2015 and 2025 in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis databases was conducted. The selection process was developed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and methodological quality was assessed using the “Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies” tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Seven studies were included. The findings show that social support, the quality of affective ties, autonomy, and life goals are associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while low self-esteem, risk behaviors, and conflictual relationship dynamics are associated with higher levels of emotional symptoms. It is concluded that relational factors constitute relevant correlates of psychological well-being in university students, however, the evidence is predominantly cross-sectional, which does not allow to establish causal relationships.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Consumo del alcohol y el malestar psicológico: depresión ansiedad y estrés en adolescentes.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Zurita Cáceres, Ariana SarahíAlcohol consumption represents a public health issue closely associated with psychological distress, particularly anxiety, depression, and stress. Adolescence is the stage of greatest vulnerability due to the multiple changes inherent to this phase. Therefore, this study aimed to review theories on alcohol consumption and its relationship with psychological distress, describe the manifestations of depression, anxiety, and stress, and identify relevant psychosocial factors associated with consumption. The methodology used was bibliographic, involving the collection of articles that enabled the identification of patterns, findings, and discrepancies in the literature, considering adolescents aged 10 to 19 years as the inclusion criterion. The results show that various theories facilitated the understanding of the relationship between alcohol consumption and psychological distress in adolescents. Social learning theory highlighted the role of observation and peer influence. The biopsychosocial model integrated multicausal determinants; the neurobiological model emphasizes the relationship between brain alterations and consumption; and the vulnerability-stress model was based on the interaction between individual predispositions and environmental stressors. In addition, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress were identified, which not only preceded alcohol consumption but were also intensified by it, generating a cycle of unfavorable responses. Likewise, both the onset and maintenance of this behavior were determined by risk factors at the social, personal, and family levels.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Comorbilidad clínica entre los problemas alimentarios y la ansiedad en pacientes con obesidad: Una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Delgado Vivar, Melany DominiqueIntroduction. Various studies report that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has positive effects on the psychological profile (depression, anxiety and stress) in people with obesity; however, the results are not entirely conclusive and derive from isolated studies. This study aimed to analyze the effects of MBCT on the psychological profile (depression, anxiety and stress) in people with obesity, through a systematic review. Method. A systematic review was conducted by analyzing clinical trials published between 2000 and 2025. The studies were retrieved from academic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, PMC and PsycINFO. The studies were assessed in accordance with the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Results. The review showed that MBCT is effective in reducing anxiety, depression and stress in people with obesity; furthermore, it promotes a healthier relationship with eating and improves emotional regulation, which facilitates weight loss, while also increasing self-esteem and emotional resilience, thereby contributing to long-term quality of life. However, some studies showed variability in the dosage and implementation of the intervention. Discussion. The results suggest that MBCT is a valuable tool for treating obesity, as it addresses the emotional and behavioral factors that perpetuate the condition; despite some methodological limitations, the findings support its inclusion in multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches for the treatment of obesity.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Terapia cognitiva basada en mindfulness sobre el perfil psicológico en obesos: una revisión sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Espinoza Perlaza, Mellanni Mishell; Pesantez Vallejo, Emily CamilaIntroduction. Various studies report that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has positive effects on the psychological profile (depression, anxiety and stress) in people with obesity; however, the results are not entirely conclusive and derive from isolated studies. This study aimed to analyze the effects of MBCT on the psychological profile (depression, anxiety and stress) in people with obesity, through a systematic review. Method. A systematic review was conducted by analyzing clinical trials published between 2000 and 2025. The studies were retrieved from academic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, PMC and PsycINFO. The studies were assessed in accordance with the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Results. The review showed that MBCT is effective in reducing anxiety, depression and stress in people with obesity; furthermore, it promotes a healthier relationship with eating and improves emotional regulation, which facilitates weight loss, while also increasing self- esteem and emotional resilience, thereby contributing to long-term quality of life. However, some studies showed variability in the dosage and implementation of the intervention. Discussion. The results suggest that MBCT is a valuable tool for treating obesity, as it addresses the emotional and behavioral factors that perpetuate the condition; despite some methodological limitations, the findings support its inclusion in multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches for the treatment of obesity.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Redes sociales y autoconcepto en adolescentes.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Ortega Ojeda, Leslye JohannaIntroduction: During adolescence, social media amplifies self-perception, social comparison, and the search for approval, which may influence adolescents’ self-concept on emotional, physical, social, and family levels. Objective: To analyze, through a literature review of published evidence, the relationship between the use of social media and the dimensions of self-concept in adolescents. Methodology: A descriptive and retrospective literature review was conducted using databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, including studies in English and Spanish involving adolescents aged 10 to 19 years that measured self-concept. Initially, 233 studies were identified, and after a selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were selected as they were aligned with the specific objectives of this research. Results: A relationship between social media and self- concept was observed; however, it varies across its dimensions. The most consistent effects are observed in physical and emotional domains, particularly when exposed to body ideals or low self-acceptance, associated with lower body satisfaction and greater distress. Regarding social domains, findings vary depending on the individual and the context. In the family domain, indirect associations predominate through communication and conflict. Conclusion: These changes are better explained by how the social media platform is used—that is, active or passive engagement, exposure and monitoring, appearance-focused content and influencers, the platform, the time of use, and the family context—rather than by screen time. Therefore, prevention should be focused on specific usage patterns and individual vulnerability.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre impulsividad, autoestima y el consumo de alcohol en adultos emergentes en la ciudad de Cuenca- Ecuador 2025-2026.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Castro Gaibor, Shyrley Nayely; Granda Vernaza, Shirley YamiletA significant issue, due to its high prevalence and the associated consequences, is alcohol consumption during emerging adulthood. Numerous studies have suggested that factors such as impulsivity and self-esteem may influence this type of risky behavior. Therefore, this research aims to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between levels of impulsivity, self-esteem, and alcohol consumption in this population, specifically in Cuenca, Ecuador, during 2025–2026. This field research was correlational, in which 200 emerging adults aged 19 to 29 were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. They were administered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The results showed that 73.1% of participants were at low risk for alcohol consumption, 92% showed impulsivity levels within normal parameters, and, regarding self-esteem, the moderate level predominated, at 52.2% of emerging adults. In the correlational analysis, a non-significant relationship was identified between impulsivity and alcohol consumption (r = 0.099; p = 0.163). Furthermore, self-esteem showed a weak positive but statistically significant relationship with impulsivity (r = 0.192; p = 0.006) and with alcohol consumption (r = 0.164; p = 0.020). However, the low magnitude of the coefficients indicates that the associations found were weak, suggesting that the variations between the variables were not consistent or proportional to each other.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Desregulación emocional en población adolescente de la zona 6 del Ecuador, en el año 2025.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Sangurima Chacha, Ximena MarisolEmotional dysregulation is defined as the difficulty in managing emotions, which manifests through impulsivity, irritability, and sudden mood swings. During adolescence, this issue becomes more significant due to biological, cognitive, and social changes, which increase the likelihood of experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as self-harm behaviors. Objective. To analyze emotional dysregulation among adolescents in Zone 6 of Ecuador in 2025. Methodology. A quantitative, non-experimental, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-36) was administered along with a sociodemographic questionnaire. After a process of data cleaning and verification, the final sample consisted of 1,211 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years, from Cuenca, Azogues, Cañar, and Macas. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics in Jamovi software, version 2.6.4.4. Results. Among males: 39.2% were at the low level, 30.5% at the medium level, and 30.3% at the high level. Among females: 42.2% were at the low level, 31.4% at the medium level, and 26.4% at the high level. Overall, adolescents were found in the medium and high levels of emotional dysregulation, reflecting difficulties in emotional regulation. No associations were identified with age or educational level. Conclusion. Although the low level accounted for the largest percentage, a considerable proportion of adolescents was also identified at the medium or high levels of emotional dysregulation, indicating that emotional dysregulation is present in a portion of the sample.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Aspectos socioculturales: familias, pares, redes sociales y su influencia en la imagen corporal en adolescentes: una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Calva Tenecela, Erick EthanIntroduction. Body image is a crucial component of psychological development during adolescence, a stage marked by physical, emotional, and social changes that increase vulnerability to sociocultural influences. In this context, factors such as family, peers, and the media—especially social media—influence the perception and evaluation of one’s own body. Objective: To analyze the influence of sociocultural factors—family, peers, and the media—on body image development in adolescents based on recent scientific literature. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive literature review was conducted through a systematic search of academic databases, including Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Open-access studies published primarily between 2015 and 2025 related to body image, adolescence, and sociocultural factors were selected, applying previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The reviewed studies showed that family dynamics, particularly parental comments about weight and appearance, were associated with greater body dissatisfaction and psychological distress. Similarly, peer influence manifests through social comparison, peer pressure, and the search for acceptance. Furthermore, the media and social media promoted the internalization of difficult-to-achieve aesthetic ideals and reinforced appearance-based comparisons. Conclusion: The interaction between family, peers, and digital media emerged as a key factor in body image development during adolescence, highlighting the need to promote educational and preventive strategies that encourage a healthy relationship with one’s body.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Campoverde Ochoa, Antonio Xavier; Naula Ochoa, Daniela NicoleItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La incidencia de los factores sociodemográficos en la conducta suicida de los adolescentes en la zonal 6.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Castillo Campoverde, Evelyn Malena; López Pesantez, Ariana CarolinaSuicidal behavior in adolescence ranges from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts and is often influenced by various factors. In Zone 6 of Ecuador, where diverse social and territorial realities coexist, it is relevant to examine how sociodemographic characteristics are related to suicide risk in the school setting, and whether these patterns remain consistent or change according to educational level. Objective. To analyze the incidence of sociodemographic factors on suicidal behavior among adolescents and to compare patterns between Lower Secondary Education and Upper Secondary Education. Methodology. A quantitative, cross- sectional, and correlational study was conducted. A total of 1,211 students (ages 11–18) from nine educational institutions in Zone 6 participated. The SENTIA and Paykel Suicide Scale were administered. Normality was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and nonparametric analyses were employed: the chi-square test for associations and Pearson’s correlation for age. Results. Suicidal ideation was high: 58.13% and 64.41%. There were no differences by educational level. Sex and gender were significantly associated with risk at both levels and scales, with higher proportions among females. Economic status showed a gradient (higher risk in the low socioeconomic stratum), significant only in SENTIA. Family structure was associated with risk only in Upper Secondary Education according to Paykel. Age and urban/rural location were not associated with risk. SENTIA and Paykel showed a high correlation (r = .832, p < .001). Conclusion. The risk identified through screening is high and distributed throughout the school trajectory; sex/gender and economic disadvantage were highlighted, supporting systematic school-based prevention with clear pathways for assessment and referral.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La Inteligencia Emocional en las Prácticas de Crianza Parental(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Calderón Aguirre, Kaina DennisEmotional Intelligence (EI) is considered a strategic skill for a positive child's upbringing since it was established as the promoter of well-being in people, referring to parental parenting practices; these are competencies acquired from the environment and are associated with parental control over children, influencing the intellectual and emotional development of kids. This research aims to identify the importance of emotional intelligence in childhood, conceptualize the most relevant parenting practices, and detail the consequences children present when they are raised with limited emotional intelligence. The methodology was based on a bibliographic review of high-impact scientific articles where the objective was to determine the relationship between two variables: emotional intelligence and parenting practices. As for the results, it was identified that EI has a significant relationship with parenting practices. Moreover, EI is essential in childhood and adolescence for skills development; on the other hand, low EI levels trigger behavioral problems or emotional disturbances. Finally, it was determined that the EI use as a strategy in parental parenting practices is conducive to children achieving comprehensive welfare; on the contrary, low levels of EI at early ages make them more likely to suffer from psychopathologies. Therefore, it is crucial that parental upbringing is based on EI guidelines.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes que estudian en la Unidad Educativa Francisco Febres Cordero de octavo a tercero de bachillerato.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Rubio Solorzano, Clara EmiliaStress, anxiety, and depression constitute a core of emotional distress that tends to intensify during adolescence, a period characterized by biopsychosocial changes and increasing academic demands. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as to identify differences according to sex, in adolescents attending the Francisco Febres Cordero Educational Unit in Cuenca, Ecuador. A non-experimental, cross-sectional field study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a descriptive–correlational scope. The sample consisted of 121 students, aged 11 to 18 years, selected through non-probability convenience sampling: 50 males and 71 females, from the eighth year of basic education to the third year of high school. The assessment was conducted using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test to compare scores according to sex, and Spearman’s rho to estimate the association between the dimensions assessed. The results showed a high prevalence of severe and extremely severe levels of depression, stress, and anxiety, with significantly higher scores in females. Likewise, strong positive correlations were identified among the three dimensions. It is concluded that these variables coexist significantly in school-attending adolescents, supporting the implementation of early detection and psychoeducational intervention strategies in the educational context.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Ansiedad social y la autoestima de los adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Dután Bermeo, Mateo SebastiánIntroduction: Adolescence is a stage characterized by social and emotional changes in which self-esteem plays a fundamental role in psychological adaptation. Likewise, social anxiety has become a common disorder that affects young people’s interpersonal functioning and emotional well-being. Various studies show an inverse relationship between these two variables, with differences according to gender and geographic location, which supports the relevance of this study. Objective: To analyze the relationship between social anxiety and self- esteem in adolescents, considering demographic variables. Methodology: The PRISMA guidelines were followed, including empirical studies published between 2014 and 2025 with samples of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest using DeCS and MeSH descriptors, Boolean operators, and a methodological evaluation with the JBI tool. Results and Conclusions: Six studies were included, confirming a negative correlation between social anxiety and self-esteem. Greater vulnerability was identified among females and higher prevalence in urban contexts, highlighting the need for specific preventive interventionsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Figueroa Ochoa, Stiven Alexander; Melendres Sanchez, Kristhel SamanthaItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Recaída en el consumo de alcohol: análisis de factores de riesgo para potenciar la prevención y el tratamiento.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Del Salto Cozar, Bryan EnriqueIntroduction. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a global public health problem that affects millions of people. Despite the availability of treatments, relapse is a multifactorial phenomenon and a frequent challenge in the recovery process, highlighting the need for comprehensive intervention approaches aligned with new changes in society. Objective. To analyze the scientific literature on risk factors associated with relapse in alcohol consumption, in order to identify essential elements that strengthen prevention and treatment strategies. Methodology. A qualitative and descriptive literature review was conducted. The search was conducted across databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, selecting articles published between 2015 and 2025 that analyzed risk factors among adults diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder. Results. Relapse is associated with a complex combination of risk factors. From an individual perspective, neurobiological alterations in reward circuits, deficits in executive functions, and persistent emotional vulnerabilities were identified. At the interpersonal and contextual levels, family dysfunction and social stigma were recognized as factors that hinder recovery processes. Conclusion. Relapse is a multifactorial process that requires moving beyond a reductionist view centered on “lack of willpower,” calling for comprehensive interventions that address both individual psychological factors and the individual's social context.
