Trabajos de Titulación - Ingeniería Psicología Clínica
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/1865
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre impulsividad, autoestima y el consumo de alcohol en adultos emergentes en la ciudad de Cuenca- Ecuador 2025-2026.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Castro Gaibor, Shyrley Nayely; Granda Vernaza, Shirley Yamilet; Viñanzaca López, Juan PabloA significant issue, due to its high prevalence and the associated consequences, is alcohol consumption during emerging adulthood. Numerous studies have suggested that factors such as impulsivity and self-esteem may influence this type of risky behavior. Therefore, this research aims to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between levels of impulsivity, self-esteem, and alcohol consumption in this population, specifically in Cuenca, Ecuador, during 2025–2026. This field research was correlational, in which 200 emerging adults aged 19 to 29 were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. They were administered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The results showed that 73.1% of participants were at low risk for alcohol consumption, 92% showed impulsivity levels within normal parameters, and, regarding self-esteem, the moderate level predominated, at 52.2% of emerging adults. In the correlational analysis, a non-significant relationship was identified between impulsivity and alcohol consumption (r = 0.099; p = 0.163). Furthermore, self-esteem showed a weak positive but statistically significant relationship with impulsivity (r = 0.192; p = 0.006) and with alcohol consumption (r = 0.164; p = 0.020). However, the low magnitude of the coefficients indicates that the associations found were weak, suggesting that the variations between the variables were not consistent or proportional to each other.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Desregulación emocional en población adolescente de la zona 6 del Ecuador, en el año 2025.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Sangurima Chacha, Ximena Marisol; Cabrera Guerrero, Juan AquilinoEmotional dysregulation is defined as the difficulty in managing emotions, which manifests through impulsivity, irritability, and sudden mood swings. During adolescence, this issue becomes more significant due to biological, cognitive, and social changes, which increase the likelihood of experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as self-harm behaviors. Objective. To analyze emotional dysregulation among adolescents in Zone 6 of Ecuador in 2025. Methodology. A quantitative, non-experimental, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-36) was administered along with a sociodemographic questionnaire. After a process of data cleaning and verification, the final sample consisted of 1,211 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years, from Cuenca, Azogues, Cañar, and Macas. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics in Jamovi software, version 2.6.4.4. Results. Among males: 39.2% were at the low level, 30.5% at the medium level, and 30.3% at the high level. Among females: 42.2% were at the low level, 31.4% at the medium level, and 26.4% at the high level. Overall, adolescents were found in the medium and high levels of emotional dysregulation, reflecting difficulties in emotional regulation. No associations were identified with age or educational level. Conclusion. Although the low level accounted for the largest percentage, a considerable proportion of adolescents was also identified at the medium or high levels of emotional dysregulation, indicating that emotional dysregulation is present in a portion of the sample.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Aspectos socioculturales: familias, pares, redes sociales y su influencia en la imagen corporal en adolescentes: una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Calva Tenecela, Erick Ethan; Castro Ochoa, Fabian LeonardoIntroduction. Body image is a crucial component of psychological development during adolescence, a stage marked by physical, emotional, and social changes that increase vulnerability to sociocultural influences. In this context, factors such as family, peers, and the media—especially social media—influence the perception and evaluation of one’s own body. Objective: To analyze the influence of sociocultural factors—family, peers, and the media—on body image development in adolescents based on recent scientific literature. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive literature review was conducted through a systematic search of academic databases, including Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Open-access studies published primarily between 2015 and 2025 related to body image, adolescence, and sociocultural factors were selected, applying previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The reviewed studies showed that family dynamics, particularly parental comments about weight and appearance, were associated with greater body dissatisfaction and psychological distress. Similarly, peer influence manifests through social comparison, peer pressure, and the search for acceptance. Furthermore, the media and social media promoted the internalization of difficult-to-achieve aesthetic ideals and reinforced appearance-based comparisons. Conclusion: The interaction between family, peers, and digital media emerged as a key factor in body image development during adolescence, highlighting the need to promote educational and preventive strategies that encourage a healthy relationship with one’s body.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Campoverde Ochoa, Antonio Xavier; Naula Ochoa, Daniela Nicole; Viñanzaca López, Juan PabloItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La incidencia de los factores sociodemográficos en la conducta suicida de los adolescentes en la zonal 6.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Castillo Campoverde, Evelyn Malena; López Pesantez, Ariana Carolina; Cabrera Guerrero, Juan AlquilinoSuicidal behavior in adolescence ranges from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts and is often influenced by various factors. In Zone 6 of Ecuador, where diverse social and territorial realities coexist, it is relevant to examine how sociodemographic characteristics are related to suicide risk in the school setting, and whether these patterns remain consistent or change according to educational level. Objective. To analyze the incidence of sociodemographic factors on suicidal behavior among adolescents and to compare patterns between Lower Secondary Education and Upper Secondary Education. Methodology. A quantitative, cross- sectional, and correlational study was conducted. A total of 1,211 students (ages 11–18) from nine educational institutions in Zone 6 participated. The SENTIA and Paykel Suicide Scale were administered. Normality was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and nonparametric analyses were employed: the chi-square test for associations and Pearson’s correlation for age. Results. Suicidal ideation was high: 58.13% and 64.41%. There were no differences by educational level. Sex and gender were significantly associated with risk at both levels and scales, with higher proportions among females. Economic status showed a gradient (higher risk in the low socioeconomic stratum), significant only in SENTIA. Family structure was associated with risk only in Upper Secondary Education according to Paykel. Age and urban/rural location were not associated with risk. SENTIA and Paykel showed a high correlation (r = .832, p < .001). Conclusion. The risk identified through screening is high and distributed throughout the school trajectory; sex/gender and economic disadvantage were highlighted, supporting systematic school-based prevention with clear pathways for assessment and referral.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La Inteligencia Emocional en las Prácticas de Crianza Parental(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Calderón Aguirre, Kaina Dennis; Betancourtt Aguilera, MarciaEmotional Intelligence (EI) is considered a strategic skill for a positive child's upbringing since it was established as the promoter of well-being in people, referring to parental parenting practices; these are competencies acquired from the environment and are associated with parental control over children, influencing the intellectual and emotional development of kids. This research aims to identify the importance of emotional intelligence in childhood, conceptualize the most relevant parenting practices, and detail the consequences children present when they are raised with limited emotional intelligence. The methodology was based on a bibliographic review of high-impact scientific articles where the objective was to determine the relationship between two variables: emotional intelligence and parenting practices. As for the results, it was identified that EI has a significant relationship with parenting practices. Moreover, EI is essential in childhood and adolescence for skills development; on the other hand, low EI levels trigger behavioral problems or emotional disturbances. Finally, it was determined that the EI use as a strategy in parental parenting practices is conducive to children achieving comprehensive welfare; on the contrary, low levels of EI at early ages make them more likely to suffer from psychopathologies. Therefore, it is crucial that parental upbringing is based on EI guidelines.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes que estudian en la Unidad Educativa Francisco Febres Cordero de octavo a tercero de bachillerato.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Rubio Solorzano, Clara Emilia; Cabrera Guerrero, Juan Aquilino; 0150904399Stress, anxiety, and depression constitute a core of emotional distress that tends to intensify during adolescence, a period characterized by biopsychosocial changes and increasing academic demands. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as to identify differences according to sex, in adolescents attending the Francisco Febres Cordero Educational Unit in Cuenca, Ecuador. A non-experimental, cross-sectional field study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a descriptive–correlational scope. The sample consisted of 121 students, aged 11 to 18 years, selected through non-probability convenience sampling: 50 males and 71 females, from the eighth year of basic education to the third year of high school. The assessment was conducted using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test to compare scores according to sex, and Spearman’s rho to estimate the association between the dimensions assessed. The results showed a high prevalence of severe and extremely severe levels of depression, stress, and anxiety, with significantly higher scores in females. Likewise, strong positive correlations were identified among the three dimensions. It is concluded that these variables coexist significantly in school-attending adolescents, supporting the implementation of early detection and psychoeducational intervention strategies in the educational context.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Ansiedad social y la autoestima de los adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Dután Bermeo, Mateo Sebastián; Castro Ochoa, Fabián Leonardo; 0105383426Introduction: Adolescence is a stage characterized by social and emotional changes in which self-esteem plays a fundamental role in psychological adaptation. Likewise, social anxiety has become a common disorder that affects young people’s interpersonal functioning and emotional well-being. Various studies show an inverse relationship between these two variables, with differences according to gender and geographic location, which supports the relevance of this study. Objective: To analyze the relationship between social anxiety and self- esteem in adolescents, considering demographic variables. Methodology: The PRISMA guidelines were followed, including empirical studies published between 2014 and 2025 with samples of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest using DeCS and MeSH descriptors, Boolean operators, and a methodological evaluation with the JBI tool. Results and Conclusions: Six studies were included, confirming a negative correlation between social anxiety and self-esteem. Greater vulnerability was identified among females and higher prevalence in urban contexts, highlighting the need for specific preventive interventionsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Figueroa Ochoa, Stiven Alexander; Melendres Sanchez, Kristhel Samantha; Beltrán Serrano, Gerardo Vinicio; 1721190997Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Recaída en el consumo de alcohol: análisis de factores de riesgo para potenciar la prevención y el tratamiento.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Del Salto Cozar, Bryan Enrique; Yanza Méndez, Rafael Gerardo; 1400700538Introduction. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a global public health problem that affects millions of people. Despite the availability of treatments, relapse is a multifactorial phenomenon and a frequent challenge in the recovery process, highlighting the need for comprehensive intervention approaches aligned with new changes in society. Objective. To analyze the scientific literature on risk factors associated with relapse in alcohol consumption, in order to identify essential elements that strengthen prevention and treatment strategies. Methodology. A qualitative and descriptive literature review was conducted. The search was conducted across databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, selecting articles published between 2015 and 2025 that analyzed risk factors among adults diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder. Results. Relapse is associated with a complex combination of risk factors. From an individual perspective, neurobiological alterations in reward circuits, deficits in executive functions, and persistent emotional vulnerabilities were identified. At the interpersonal and contextual levels, family dysfunction and social stigma were recognized as factors that hinder recovery processes. Conclusion. Relapse is a multifactorial process that requires moving beyond a reductionist view centered on “lack of willpower,” calling for comprehensive interventions that address both individual psychological factors and the individual's social context.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Terapia cognitivo conductual como tratamiento para el consumo de cannabis en adolescentes.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Valdez Tutillo, Karen Nathaly; Campoverde Pesantez, Augusta Ximena; 0302386453Introduction. Cannabis use in adolescence is a growing concern due to its impact on young people's mental health and social integration. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as one of the most relevant strategies for addressing this problem, as it focuses on modifying thoughts and behaviors associated with substance use and strengthening relapse prevention skills. Objective. To describe the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a therapeutic intervention to reduce cannabis use in adolescents through a literature review. Methodology. The study was conducted through a descriptive literature review by consulting academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. Articles published in the last ten years were included, prioritizing studies in Spanish and English that evaluated the effectiveness of CB in adolescents who use cannabis. Results. The studies reviewed show that CBT contributes to reducing cannabis use in adolescents, preventing relapse, and strengthening coping skills. Recent research indicates that CBT-based programs achieve reductions in consumption of between 20% and 40%. Conclusion. Although cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in reducing cannabis use, more studies employing more rigorous methodologies in varied contexts are required to achieve a deeper understanding of its effectiveness and adapt its implementation to the specific needs of this population.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de la estimulación magnética transcraneal en adolescentes con autismo: Una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Morales Almeida, Cristopher Sebastián; Pacheco Iñiguez, Nataly Gabriela; Vintimilla Espinoza, María José; 0104783733; 0104912050Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that originates in early childhood and affects key areas of an individual’s life, including academic, social, and personal aspects. Given the limitations of conventional treatments, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a non-invasive technique with therapeutic potential for this population. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of TMS in adolescents with ASD through a descriptive literature review. The studies included in this research were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection criteria focused on adolescents diagnosed with ASD and treated with TMS according to various protocols. The findings of the reviewed studies revealed several benefits of TMS, including reduction in irritability, repetitive behaviors, and stereotypies, as well as improvements in emotional self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, social skills, and sustained attention. Despite these promising results, the evidence remains preliminary; therefore, the efficacy of TMS cannot yet be considered fully established, as limitations including small sample sizes, lack of protocol homogeneity, and the absence of controlled clinical trials with placebo groups restrict the evidence, positioning current findings as preliminary and limited.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Estimulación magnética transcraneal como tratamiento de las funciones cognitivas, conductuales y sociales en niños y adolescentes en el trastorno del espectro autista: Una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Arias Quevedo, Ruben Anthony; Alvarez Saquinaula, Daniel Felipe; 0705254852Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social functioning, cognitive flexibility, and behavioral and emotional self-regulation. Its prevalence in children and adolescents has driven the search for interventions that complement traditional approaches, which often show limited efficacy. In this context, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with therapeutic potential. Objective: This study aims to summarize the available scientific evidence on the use of rTMS for the treatment of cognitive, behavioral, and social functions in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. Methodology: A qualitative literature review was conducted using scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Taylor & Francis). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, allowing the selection of studies published between 2012 and 2024, focused on children and adolescents with ASD who underwent rTMS protocols. Results: The results indicate that the most frequent protocols involve low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz) applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Evidence reports improvements in sustained attention, cognitive flexibility, reduction of stereotyped behaviors and irritability, and progress in emotional reciprocity and social interaction. Conclusion: rTMS represents a promising intervention for children and adolescents with ASD by modulating cortical plasticity and enhancing functional adaptation. However, there remains a need to standardize protocols and expand longitudinal studies to consolidate its clinical effectiveness.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Impacto de la estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva en adultos mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Córdova Vivar, María Emilia; Arévalo Proaño, Claudia Carolina; 0106605033Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting older people, progressively impairing the memory, thinking, and daily life of those who suffer from it. Therefore, new non-invasive therapeutic alternatives, such as Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), are being explored to improve compromised cognitive functions. Objective: To determine the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation compared to sham rTMS applied to patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: This study is a literature review compiling research published between 2019 and 2025, using scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Results: Six articles were analyzed. The studies analyzed demonstrated that rTMS significantly improves cognitive function, memory, and behavioral symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease, especially when personalized, high-frequency protocols are applied. These findings demonstrate that rTMS is safe, well-tolerated, and represents an effective non-invasive alternative for cognitive rehabilitation in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Conclusions: Although the benefits were not uniform across all studies, and factors such as stimulation frequency or treatment duration influenced the outcomes, there is evidence supporting its clinical utility. Therefore, rTMS could be considered a valuable tool to support the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Comparación entre Terapia Dialéctica Conductual y Terapia Cognitivo Conductual en la mejora de síntomas psicológicos en adultos jóvenes con Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Benavides Calderón, Bernarda Micaela; Cáceres Torres, Juliana Michelle; Arévalo Proaño , Claudia Carolina; 0107890915; 0105772438Introduction: Personality is a set of stable psychological traits. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) involves emotional instability, impulsivity, and conflictive relationships, requiring treatment to improve individual functioning. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in improving psychological symptoms in young adults diagnosed with BPD. Methodology: A systematic review using the PRISMA method was conducted, with a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on searches in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and SciELO available through the library of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Results: Nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. The findings show that CBT and DBT are effective in reducing symptomatology of borderline personality disorder. DBT and CBT demonstrated consistent results in reducing self- harming behaviors, suicidal ideation, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions, respectively. Conclusion: The relevant findings show that both second-generation CBT and third-generation DBT are effective in treating patients diagnosed with BPD. While one focuses on skills training and mechanisms of change, the other targets the restructuring the dysfunctional cognitive core and behavioral strategies. Consequently, the two models complement each other holistically to improve the quality of life and the effectiveness of intervention.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Influencia de la relación materno- filial en el desarrollo de anorexia en mujeres adultas emergentes.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Jáuregui Tintin, Karina Michelle; Vintimilla Espinoza, María José; 0107558736Introduction: The increase in eating disorders (EDs), particularly anorexia, in emerging adult women has raised growing concern, as it is related to family factors, especially the mother- daughter relationship, which can influence body image and eating behaviors, promoting restrictive behaviors and exaggerated concern about weight. General objective: To analyze how the mother- daughter relationship affects the onset of anorexia in emerging adult women. Methodology used: A qualitative literature review was conducted, selecting scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 in databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Redalyc, Dialnet, ProQuest, and Scopus. Search strategies combined with Boolean operators were used to refine the search for relevant studies. Among the results obtained from the 24 selected documents, certain patterns of interaction between mothers with overprotective attitudes, such as sensitivity to physical appearance, insecure attachment styles, and low emotional cohesion, stand out. These factors have been identified as contributing to the development of anorexia in emerging adulthood. On the other hand, maternal involvement and positive emotional interaction were identified as protective factors. Conclusion: The mother-child relationship is a relevant factor in the development of disordered eating behaviors. Therefore, promoting secure bonds, maintaining open communication, and providing emotional support should be considered fundamental strategies for preventing the disorder.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Alienación parental en la niñez. Una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Chacha Nieves, Maritza Yessenia; Padilla Samaniego, María Alexandra; 0106204803Introduction: Parental alienation is a psychosocial phenomenon that significantly compromises children's overall development in multiple dimensions of psychological functioning. Objective: To analyze the effects of parental alienation on children's mental health at the emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social levels through a narrative literature review. Method: A literature search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SciELO databases using Boolean equations, applying inclusion criteria for studies published between 2014 and 2024, and selecting 14 studies that met the established methodological parameters. Results: Parental alienation is a valid psychosocial phenomenon with a prevalence of 25-35% in conflictive divorces, increasing to 80% in high-conflict cases. The effects include emotional disturbances (95% experience emotional pain), cognitive distortions such as mental colonization, disruptive behavioral patterns, and impaired social functioning. Conclusions: Parental alienation represents a form of family violence with devastating consequences that persist into adulthood, requiring specialized interventions that combine judicial authority with systemic family therapy to restore damaged bonds.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y las estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Pesántez Zúñiga, Mateo Sebastían; Tamayo Piedra, Mónica del Carmen; 0105215651Palliative care is a comprehensive approach aimed at improving the quality of life of individuals with serious illnesses, such as cancer, by addressing their physical, emotional, and social dimensions. Several studies have shown that personality traits and coping strategies significantly influence the psychological well-being of terminal oncology patients. This study aims to analyze the relationship between these two factors through a literature review. To do so, a search and analysis of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Articles that involved patients in palliative care contexts were selected, considering the Five-Factor Personality Model and the Brief COPE questionnaire, excluding those that did not explore this relationship. The results show that patients with higher levels of neuroticism tend to use maladaptive coping mechanisms, while those who exhibit traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience are more likely to employ more adaptive mechanisms, such as planning and acceptance. These findings reflect a direct association between personality profile and ways of coping with illness. Understanding this interaction allows for the identification of consistent patterns in the emotional coping of oncology patients, promoting the design of personalized and effective psychological interventions that strengthen comprehensive palliative care.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Resonancia magnética funcional en agresores sexuales varones adultos.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Puentestar Gómez, Priscila Ibeth; Arévalo Proaño, Claudia Carolina; 1725791881Introduction: Sexual aggression is a complex manifestation resulting from multiple factors, including neurobiological alterations that affect emotional regulation and impulse control. Objective: To analyze the structural brain changes in adult male sexual aggressors using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), identifying alterations in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, and their relationship with sexually aggressive behaviors. Methodology: A qualitative and descriptive literature review was conducted. Search strategies were used in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar. Selection criteria included studies in English and Spanish, published between 2018–2024, focused on adult male sexual aggressors, and with fMRI analysis of brain structures. Results: Deficits in inhibitory control, decision-making, and empathy were related to notable volume decreases in the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and ventromedial regions of the prefrontal cortex. The amygdala presented atrophy in the basolateral complex and hypertrophy in the centromedial group, which was related to increased emotional reactivity and problems interpreting social cues. Furthermore, dysfunction was evidenced in the connection between the amygdala and the prefrontal lobe, which promotes aggressive and impulsive behavior. Conclusion: The fMRI findings provide a better understanding of the neurological associations underlying violent sexual behavior. To improve the incorporation of this knowledge into forensic evaluation and treatment, it is recommended to promote standardized methodologies and longitudinal research.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectos del mindfulness en comparación con la terapia cognitiva conductual en pacientes con cáncer de mama.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Celi Ortiz, Josué Daniel; León Prieto, María Elizabeth; 0105484687The present research was carried out through a qualitative literature review to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two psychological interventions: Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which were specifically applied to a population of breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these approaches demonstrated greater benefits in managing psychological distress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, as well as improving the quality of life. The method was based on the consultation and critical analysis of key scientific literature, including high-impact articles, narrative reviews, and meta-analyses, drawn from specialized databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science. The results confirmed that CBT was notably effective in the modification of dysfunctional thought patterns and the significant reduction of anxiety. Meanwhile, Mindfulness-based approaches stood out for their superiority in emotional regulation, the promotion of acceptance, and, crucially, in the attenuation of physical symptoms such as fatigue and sleep disturbance. In conclusion, the literature review established that neither approach should be excluded, since their mechanisms of action and effects on specific symptoms were distinct: Mindfulness proved more effective in the management of fatigue, while CBT prevailed in cognitive restructuring. Therefore, it was suggested that the selection or integration of these approaches must be individualized according to the each patient’s profile.
