Trabajos de Titulación - Agronomía
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/55
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Efecto de potasio en la calidad y productividad de Coffea arábica var. Geisha aplicada mediante fertirriego en la Hacienda la Papaya, provincia de Loja(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Guayara Macao , Jonnathan Javier; Espinoza Bustamante, Xavier Esteban; 0107363897This research aims to determine the effect of potassium application via fertigation on the productivity and organoleptic quality of Geisha coffee at Hacienda la Papaya, located in the Canton of Saraguro, Province of Loja. A total of 600 three-year-old coffee plants were used in an area of 1500 m². Three treatments were applied: a control (T1), a 40% increase in potassium (T2), and a 10% reduction in potassium (T3), administered via fertigation over three months, from flowering to maturity, under a randomized block design. The results indicated that treatment T2 had a greater fruit size (16.85 g), while treatment T3 was significantly smaller fruit size (15.89 mm). In terms of berry weight, treatment T2 (1.89 g) was significantly higher compared to treatment T1 (1.71 g) and treatment T3 (1.66 g). However, regarding organoleptic quality, although treatment T1 had the highest score of 88.43, there were no statistically significant differences between the treatments despite achieving excellent scores in all three samples, according to the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA). In conclusion, although the increase in potassium in T2 improved fruit size and weight, no significant impact was observed on the sensory quality of the brewed coffee, suggesting that potassium influenced the physical aspects of the fruit more than its organoleptic quality. Keywords: Quality, fertilization, fertigation, sampling, production.Ítem Acceso Abierto Biol a base de contenido ruminal y su eficiencia en el cultivo de brócoli (brassica oleracea).(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Loja Ordoñez , José Miguel; González Rojas , Juan Carlos; 0105627129This research aimed to evaluate the effect of a biol produced from the ruminal content of the municipal slaughterhouse in Cañar on the growth and development of broccoli (Brassica oleracea). The experimental process was carried out in two stages: first, the production of the biol and the analysis of its physical and chemical characteristics; second, the assessment of the biol's impact on broccoli yield. To achieve this, an experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, evaluating biol concentrations of 4% (T2), 8% (T3), and 12% (T4), a commercial bio-stimulant (T1), and a control group (T0). The response variables included plant height at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after transplanting (WFT), leaf area, and fresh weight of the broccoli heads. The results indicated that all doses of ruminal content-based boil at various concentrations and the commercial bio-stimulant increased the broccoli’s plant height and leaf area compared to the control group. The T3 treatment significantly increased the fresh weight of the heads at 8 and 12 weeks after transplanting. In conclusion, ruminal content-based biol has promising potential to enhance the growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea). For future research, it is recommended to complement such studies with a foliar analysis to understand the plant's ability to absorb nutrients available from both the soil and foliar applications. Keywords: Organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, rumen content, beneficial microorganisms.Ítem Acceso Abierto Producción de esporas de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares utilizando un método de plantas trampa mediante un sistema de cultivo aeropónico.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Quezada Figueroa , Bryan Xavier; Salazar Orellana , Marjorie Jazmín; 0107337743Soil is subject to intensive agricultural use because humans need to cultivate it for survival. Approximately 40% of soils worldwide are moderately or severely degraded, leading to nutrient loss and altering the microbiota, which is composed of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study develops a production protocol of AMF based on their benefits and ability to be produced in artificial media. It required obtaining soil samples intended for maize cultivation from 6 plots of 10 m² located in the sectors of La Manga, La Cabina, and Pindal, belonging to the Zapotillo and Pindal cantons in the Province of Loja in southern Ecuador, as well as rhizosphere soil from 20 randomly selected plants from each of the study sites, where spores of 4 species of AMF were isolated and identified: Rhizophagus irregularis, Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora rosea, and Colombian Acaulospora. After identifying the AMF spores, 20 were extracted and inoculated onto the roots of Beta vulgaris L. var. Cicla L (Swiss chard) as trap plants. They were placed in an aeroponic bioreactor system that allowed for the nebulization of nutrients required by the spores every 3 minutes for 1.10 minutes. After three months of inoculation, root samples were collected for staining and counting the percentage of mycorrhization, which reached 41%. Spore production was observed, and the process of inoculating the roots was successful. Keywords: Production, arbuscular mycorrhizae, isolation, soil, mycorrhizationÍtem Embargo Identificación de diversas cepas del género Trichoderma por su capacidad como solubilizadoras de Potasio, Fósforo y fijadoras de Nitrógeno mediante técnicas bioquímicas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Crespo Troya , Gonzalo Genaro; Salazar Orellana, Marjorie Jazmin; 0942714163This study evaluated the potential of different strains to solubilize potassium (K) and phosphorus (P), as well as their ability to fix nitrogen (N), to develop sustainable and regenerative agricultural applications. The strains were cultivated in specific media (Pikovskaya and NBRIP), and the results showed that Trichoderma sp. excelled in its high capacity for K and P solubilization (r = 0.85 cm, p < 0.01); however, its N fixation ability was mild. On the other hand, T. neokoningii and T. harzianum demonstrated a good capacity for K and P solubilization but limited ability for N fixation. While T. neokoningii excelled in K solubilization in the Pikovskaya medium, T. atroviride showed a remarkable ability to solubilize P in the NBRIP medium and exhibited a light to moderate N fixation capacity. The statistical data analysis using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences among the strains in their ability to solubilize K and P (p < 0.05). Overall, the study demonstrated that Trichoderma strains have a high potential to solubilize nutrients and fix nitrogen, although it is necessary to carefully evaluate the medium composition and cultivation conditions to optimize their function. Implementing these strains in agriculture can positively impact soil quality and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer inputs. Keywords: Trichoderma, solubilization, nutrients, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de malta de maíz (Zea mays var. Zhima) como sustituto parcial de malta de cebada en la elaboración de cerveza artesanal(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Encalada Pardo, Genaro Isaac; Espinoza Bustamante, Xavier Esteban; 0704501253The objective of this research was to evaluate Zhima corn (Zea mays var. Zhima) as a partial replacement of barley malt (Hordeum vulgare) in the production of craft beer and its effect on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the treatments. Four treatments were evaluated, including the control, consisting of 100% Pilsner-type barley malt, while treatments T2, T3, and T4 used 25%, 50%, and 75% Zhima corn malt as a replacement in the total amount of grains, respectively. A total of 40 untrained judges evaluated the sensory aspects of the samples without knowing the variable between treatments, they rated the control beer as the best in all aspects except for the beer color parameter, in which T3 was considered the preferred one. Samples of the treatments were also sent to the MSV food laboratory to obtain physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the resulting beers, in which all aspects were similar except for alcohol content, in which the control and T2 had 5 °GL, while T3 and T4 were recorded 3 °GL and <3 °GL. Finally, a market research study was conducted in the city of Cuenca, where, through a sample population, the interest of citizens in purchasing a craft beer brewed partially with Zhima corn was determined, as well as prices willing to pay, previous knowledge of the market and personal tastes in beer. Keywords: Beer, zhima corn, barley, fermentationÍtem Acceso Abierto Inducción hormonal (BAP-ANA) de brotes en plantines in vitro de Phalaenopsis bajo dos espectros de luz y dos concentraciones de Murashige Skoog(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Encalada Rhea, Cintya Karina; Gonzalez Rojas , Juan Carlos; 0105127484The objective of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of the hormones BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), light spectra and the doses of Murashige and Skoog (1962), which favor shoot development in Phalaenopsis seedlings in vitro. Three concentrations of hormones H1 (BAP 0 mg/l + NAA 0 mg/l), H2 (BAP 3 mg/l + NAA 0.5 mg/l) and H3 (BAP 6 mg/l + NAA 0.5 mg/l) were used; two types of light spectra WL (white light) and BRL (blue-red light) were tested; accompanied by two Murashige and Skoog doses (100% MS and 50% MS). Twelve treatments were obtained, evaluated 15 days after planting, and monitored every eight days for two months. The results obtained in the research show that the treatments (T3, T4, T5, T6, T9, T10, T11, and T12) with growth regulators presented shoot induction in Phalaenopsis seedlings compared to the treatments that did not have growth regulators and that did not present shoot induction (T1, T2, T7 and T8). The combination of growth regulators BAP 6mg/l + NAA 0.5 mg/l showed more sprouts. As for the culture media, Murashige and Skoog showed no significant difference in seedling induction. The white light spectrum significantly differed in shoot induction compared to the red-blue light spectrum. Keywords: Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); benzyl aminopurine (BAP); in vitro bud induction; Phalaenopsis. .Ítem Acceso Abierto Efecto del injerto en la producción de tomate riñon (Solanum lycopersicum)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Mendez Rojas, René Octavio; Vazquez Vazquez, Jacinto Enrique; 0106147903The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of grafting plants of the Toivo variety on a Monarca F1 rootstock for the cultivation of tomatoes under greenhouses at the Education and training of peasant Center of Azuay (CECCA by its Spanish acronym) located in the Guachapala canton, in a tomato greenhouse, in which three treaments were used: the first, T1 with the Toivo variety with a spacing between plants of 20 cm, the second treatament T2,with a spacing of 40 cm, and the third T3, with the Toivo variety on a Monarca F1 rootstock with spacing of 40 cm. A randomized complete block design with three treatments and four replications was used in which the agronomic characteristics of the plants were measured, such as height, the number of clusters, fruit size, and production of the grafted plants compared to ungrafted plants,under the same conditions of fertilizer, irrigation, and fertilization. In addition. The incidence of nematodes was evaluated by laboratory analysis to check the resistance of the roots of each treatment. Among the main results obtained, it was found that the grafted Toivo variety obtained the best agronomic characteristics compared to the ungrafted varieties. However, it was evident that the grafted species was more prone to high nematode populations. Keywords: Grafting, tomato, nematode, crop, greenhouse.Ítem Acceso Abierto Prospección de controladores biológicos y monitoreo de daños de mosca de la fruta en manzano y durazno en Gualaceo, Paute y Azogues(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Rios Matute, Pablo Andrés; Caraguay Tambo , Victor; 0104703210This research evaluated the prospecting of biological controllers and the monitoring of fruit fly damage in apple (Malus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) within the canton of Gualaceo, Paute, and Azogues. Samples were taken from fly specimens obtained in trapping, as well as from fruit for rearing in the laboratory. After using Korytkowski's entomological keys, the main species were identified and finally corroborated by the Plant Health Department of Agrocalidad. Fly damage was studied by calculating the percentage of damage and the infestation index. The biological controllers were characterized morphologically and molecularly. For the statistical analysis, it was used the mean and other measures of dispersion, which resulted in the presence of the genera Anastrepha and Ceratitis, the damage determined that in the canton of Gualaceo there is a higher percentage of damage close to 64% for fruit trees and an infestation rate of 79% for apple trees and 81% in peach trees. The evaluation of biological controllers identified the presence of the wasp Doryctobracton crawfordi, no predators were found, but a total of six species of fungi. It is concluded that the survey of biological controllers identified the species of the Braconidae family, and the monitoring of damages indicates a percentage of affections of 64% in peach and 42% in apple trees, being the Gualaceo canton where there is more damage. Keywords: fruit fly, peach (prunus persica), apple (malus domestica), doryctobracton crawfordi, anastrepha, ceratitisÍtem Acceso Abierto Determinar la influencia de tres tratamientos pre germinativos y dos sustratos en la germinación de la semilla de capulí ( prenus serotina).(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2014) Luis Antonio , Crespo Mora; Orellana Maita, Rene Alfonso; 0301756185Sin abstractÍtem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de materiales segregantes de plantas de tomate de árbol (solanum betaceum cav.) provenientes de cruzas interespecíficas con cyphomandra materna y cyphomandra uniloba, con posible resistencia y/o tolerancia a colletotrichum gloeosporioides “ojo de pollo”, en la estación experimental del Austro-INIAP(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2012) Urgiles Calle, Diego Francisco; Álvarez Vera, Manuel Salvador; 0105511422The research was conducted at the farm in Bullcay INIAP, generally aimed to: assess segregating materials tree tomato Solanum betaceum Cav. from crosses between S. betaceum with C. maternal and C. uniloba tolerant "eye chicken "(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) with good productivity, fruit size and quality, and as specific: 1) Select materials with improved tolerance and / or resistance (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz) with promising yields and fruit quality for Bullcay area. 2) Determine the yield of each of the segregating material. 3) characterize agronomically segregating materials for this worked with 15 quantitative variables and four nominal for studied statistical analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis resulting in four main components, plus six clusters respectively. Best segregating materials were yellow and mottled skin Green UXB (R) XB (GA) "3 of 7", UXB (A) XB (GA) H9, while the crosses materials UXB (R) XB (GA), code "July 3" and UXB (A) XB (GA), H9 code showed the best performance of fruit per plant.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis in vitro de la calidad del polen de diez ecotipos de chirimoyo (annona cherimola mill).(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2018) Minchala Buestán , Nube del Rocío; Orellana Maita , René; 0302537196Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill) has low production, originated by several factors, among them, low index of pollinating agents, frequent alternation of the floral cycles, the flowers present a closed structure, little noticeable to insects and a marked type of protogynous dichogamy. Exporting countries of this fruit, such as Spain, Chile, Peru and others, see the use of manual pollination as an alternative production, although in many cases this technique shows inefficient results in fruit set and fruit development, being necessary to investigate the possible existence of other factors that limit production, including the source and quality of the pollen used. In this study, the pollen quality of ten ecotypes of cherimoya existing in the ex-situ collection of the Austro Experimental Station of the National Autonomous Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), located in the canton Gualaceo, was determined in vitro. The pollen was carried to the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Agronomic Engineering Career of the Catholic University of Cuenca for evaluation. The culture medium used for pollen sowing contained 10% sucrose, 1% agar, 50 ppm boric acid and 625 mg / l calcium nitrate. The percentage of germination, length of the pollen tube at 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours in three phenological stages and the shape and size of the pollen grain were evaluated. The completely random design was used in factorial arrangement 10 ecotypes x 4 times x 3 phenological stages with four repetitions. For the statistical analysis, the variance analysis and Tukey's test 5% to mean separation were applied using the InfoStat software. In conclusion, the highest percentage of germination presented the Fino de Jete ecotype at 24 h, and the highest pollen tube length reached the Austro ecotype in the same period of time; in addition, the pollen must be collected in male phenological stage due to the greater pollen tube length. Key words: Annona cherimola, phenological stages, pollen germination, pollen growth tube.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de la fertilización complementaria con urea (46%) fraccionada en el rendimiento de la variedad de trigo (triticum aestivum) iniap vivar 2010 en la estación experimental del austro INIAP(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2015) Guillén Castro , Hugo Geovanny; Rodríguez Lozano, Rodrigo; 0104300991The following investigation took place at the Experimental Station of the Austro. Its main objective was to evaluate the repeated urea fertililzation (46%) for direct application to crops, variety Triticum aestivum vivar INIAP 2010. To do so, a randomized block design with N3E factorial arrangement, twelve treatments and four repetitions, was used in an experimental batch of 160 m2. The results achieved by the application of urea were positive for: vigor, straw and BYDB (Yellow dwarf virus Wheat ), with a low presence of diseases. Furthermore, the average height achieved was 1.14 (96.98 cm /plant), varying between 95 -100 cm /plant, the E1N2 exceeded these numbers. About the type of grain, only one variable was analyzed, which corresponded to large, full and clean grain. The overall analysis determined none of the variables were statistically significant, where the development of crop was equal for all the urea fractions of application (0, 50,100,150 Kg / ha) and the same for stages: (E1, E2, E3). Generally speaking, these results were positive thanks to the absence of diseases, showing that the use of nitrogen fertilization contributes to the development of growth and performance. Key words: Triticum aestivum, tillering , boot stage.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de dos variedades de fresa (Fragaria vesca L.) en cultivo vertical, con dos sustratos bajo condiciones de invernadero, en la parroquia Ricaurte.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2015) Pedroza Pacheco , Verónica Del Rosario; González Rojas , Juan Carlos; 0104341938Population growth in the urban area during recent years; have space to grow has become a problem for people living in big cities, currently contributing to food sovereignty, we need to create new techniques that facilitate use of space; for what is involved in analyzing two varieties of strawberry ( Fragaria vesca L.) Albion Monterrey in Pomina and sand substrates, in order to evaluate the performance of the varieties and verify the best substrate for the production, by vertical farming system sleeves. The same was done in the help section of the urban parish Ricaurte. The tratamients studied were: Aa (Albion/humus + sand + rice husk), Ap (Albion/humus + sawdust + Pomina), Ma (Monterrey/humus + sand + rice husk), Mp (Monterrey/humus + sawdust Pomina). The variables evaluated were: arrest, width and length of leaflets, leaflets numbers, length of petiole + leaflet, number of flowers, weeks of harvest, number, length and weight of fruit. The experimental design of randomized complete block factorial arrangement was used (2 x 2) with four replications for outcome analysis of variance and Duncan test was performed at 95%. In the vertical crop varieties evaluated substrates and showed no significances for producing strawberry. Keywords: strawberry, varieties, substrates, vertical crop.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de dos variedades de cebada cervecera (hordeum vulgare l) con tres niveles de nitrógeno, aplicado en tres diferentes épocas en la ee del Austro - INIAP.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2014) Chamba Guiracocha , Magaly Priscila; Orellana Maita, René; 0105296271; RenéThis work was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Austro - lNlAP Gualaceo, whose overall objective was: To evaluate two varieties of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L) with three levels of nitrogen applied at three different times, while the specific objectives are: 1) define the variety that suits and present the features required by the brewing industry in the South. 2) Establish the optimum level of nitrogen fertilization. 3) Determine the appropriate time for the application of nitrogen in malting. After research on the results obtained as the Scarlett Variety gave the highest yield of 2.26 tha-1 and the content of protein is at medium to the required percentage of 11.47 %, was obtained with this level nitrogen of 125 kg ha-1 applied at time 2, at time of planting, tillering and tasseling (Z00, Z22, Z30). Keywords: Fractionation TilleringTasselingÍtem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de tres macerados vegetales con tres dosis cada uno, para el control del pulgón (brevicoryne brassicae) en el cultivo de col (brassica oleracea), en la parroquia Luis Cordero Cantón Azogues.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2014) Cruz Aucancela, Klever Omar; Orellana Maita, René; 0302246459This work was developed in the community of belonging to the parish Ayasamana Luis Cordero Azogues canton province of Cañar, which is 2622 m, with an average temperature of 16 ° C, an annual rainfall of 869.6 mm and humidity relative to 70%, these being suitable for the production of cabbage characteristics. In our country we can say that cabbage is a crop that has grown in recent years, with increased demand due to its nutritional properties therefore should be viewed and produce properly. The cabbage crop in times of drought has increased pest attack including the most important aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), which has been inadequately controlled by insecticides that farmers have often generated pest resistance. Therefore it was proposed to investigate the use of natural macerated to avoid resistance and generate a clean crop for consumers especially in times where rains are scarce and where the pest is generated further damage. Hence arose as a general objective: To evaluate three macerated plant for aphid control in this crop. Meanwhile, the specific objectives were: to develop macerated plant for aphid control and macerated plant and determine the most effective dose. With regard to these objectives is the best treatment was observed with respect to plant height was the pepper mash with all doses for the number of aphids after inoculation between 8 and 72 days was observed that the pepper mash dose of 30 ml/l of water was more effective on the control of aphids, for diameter and weight of the cabbage, the pepper mash with the dose of 30 ml/l of water had a higher yield per plant (4.82 Kg) compared to the control (1.31 Kg) and finally to the variable days to harvest treatment with a dose of pepper 20 ml/l of water obtained fewer days (98), being the earliest in assay .Ítem Acceso Abierto Inducción a la floración en la orquídea cymbidium sp. mediante el uso de estrés hídrico, hormona BAP y el fertilizante NUTREX-P(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2015) Galarza Piedra , Gabriel Napoleón; González Rojas, Juan Carlos; 0105044986The beauty of the flower acompaigneveryspecial moment in people´s life thatis why duringthe festivities as Christmas, Mother´s day, Saint Valentine´s day,there is a biggerdemandof the product. In our region the biggest flourishing of Cymbidium sp isin July, since there is notany public social event during this month, the production exceeds the demand,on the other hand when the demandof the product grows, generally on May and December, the low flowering, does not supplythe market, presented this problem, three Inducersof flowering and it´s different combinationswill be tested with the purpose of modify the season of flourishing;the job was realized at the parroquia Sinincay, sector Mayancela, at the company Ecuaflor-A´s plantation, the treatments studied were BAP hormone, NUTREX-P fertilizer, waterstress and the combination of BAP and Nutrex-P with waterstress.The variable studied was the emissionof flower buttons, by volume of the pot,the experimental design of randomized complete block factorial arrangement was used (2 x 2) with four replications for outcome analysis of variance and Duncan test was performed at 95%. During the investigationprocessthe plants treated with waterStress had the biggest amount of flower buttonson the differentsizes of pots, showingsignificance on the last weeks of study on the 2,5 l(0,450flower buttonsper pot)and 3,5l(0,355flower buttonsper pot)pots. Keywords:Cymbidium, Inducersof flowering, Nutrex-P, BAP, water stress.Ítem Acceso Abierto “Control de líquenes (flavoparmelia caperata y evernia prunastri) en árboles de durazno con la aplicación de aceite agrícola y azufre micronizado con tres dosis”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2015) Vintimilla Medina , Diego Mauricio; Orellana Maita, René; 0104957154The investigation was in the “”Toctehuaico” community, its belongs to the parish Tomebamba, Canton Paute of the Azuay province. Whose overall objective was “ to reduce presence of lichens on stems and branches of peach trees, with aplication of three dose of agricultural oil and three dose of micronized sulfur; and as specefic objective analyzing the percentage of dead lichen after application of the products. Determine the most effective treatment in the control of lichens in peach trees. Assess the negative impact of lichens on trees with respect to production. The method used was the experimental randomized block design with six treatments and four replications, with a total of 24 experimental units against a witness.The variables considered in the study were the fungi Lichenized: Flavoparmelia caperata and Evernia prunastri, with aplication of micronized sulfur and agricultural oil in three doses, low, medium and high.Getting better results with high doses agricultural oil (22,5ml/l), while other treatments had little statistical difference. Keywords: agricultural oil, micronized sulfur, Lichens, liquenized fungi, Flavoparmelia caperata and Evernia prunastri.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de carbonato de calcio aplicado a una mezcla forrajera, con la utilización de dos sistemas de labranza(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2015) Alvear Segarra , Johnny Freddy; Rodríguez Lozano, Rodrigo; 0105284566The research was conducted in "El Tablon”, parish of Santa Isabel, Santa Isabel Canton of the province of Azuay sector and overall objective was to "evaluate the behavior of calcium carbonate applied to a forage mixture with two tillage systems" and specific: Determine the incidence of calcium carbonate in the physical and chemical properties of soil; Evaluate the effect of tillage systems in forage mix. Measure the yield per hectare and per year of feed mixture. The method used was experimental design with randomized complete block design with four treatments and three repetitions, with a total of 12 experimental units, applying the test of Duncan at 5% statistical probability. The variables considered in the study were: soil pH, plant height, weight of green and dry matter, soil porosity and amount of water used in the fodder mixture. The treatment had higher height at 135 days was the calcium carbonate and minimum tillage system also achieved a higher performance 4377.04 kg / h. While the effect of calcium carbonate had no effect on any factor analyzed, because the efficiency of this starts from two years. With regard to soil porosity the treatments do not differ statistically significant. Keywords: forage mixture, pH, minimum tillage and no-till and calcium carbonateÍtem Acceso Abierto Efecto de aplicación de métodos y periodos de biorreguladores para el control de Moniliophthora roreri y Phytophthora palmivora en el cultivo de cacao CCN-51 (Theobroma cacao)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2015) Samaniego Astudillo , José Luis; Rodriguez Lozano, Rodrigo; 0105924906The research was conducted in the sector "10 de Agosto" parish of Pancho Negro, La Troncal Cañar. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Bacthon Tricho-D and two periods of application for control of Moniliophthora roreri and Phytophthora palmivora in cocoa CCN-51; the type of experimental design that was applied was the randomized complete block design with 4 repetitions, where analyzed three methods and two periods of application but a witness, a total of 28 experimental units. From the results evaluated for application methods, using Bacthon Tricho-D down over the plant has exceeded most of the variables under study, regarding application periods evaluated , the best performer in the variables analyzed was bioregulators which was applied every two months from flowering. Keywords: Bacthon, Tricho -D, Moniliophthora roreri, Phytophthora palmivora, cacao CCN -51, application methods, application periods.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación del enraizamiento de estacas de aliso (alnus jorullensis var) sometidas a un proceso de enfriamiento y utilización de camas frías y calientes.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2014) Cáceres Calderón, Daniel Alejandro; León Reiván, Mirian; 0103745568The research had as general objective: to assess the emission of roots in Alder cuttings (Alnus jorullensis Var) subjected to a process of cooling and the use of hot and cold beds, specific objectives were: 1) to determine the effect of temperature on Alder roots emission stakes, 2) compare the effectiveness of the technique of propagation of hot beds opposite cold beds in the generation of roots. The type of research used was the pilot and (DBCA) randomized complete block design was used on bivariatearray with four treatments and four replications (2 x 2 x 4), with a total of 16 experimental units with 50 stakes per experimental unit, applying the Duncan test 5% statistical probability in order to identify the best treatments. During the trial was analyzed the variables: number of stakes plump, green, number of stakes with buds, long and width of sheets, number of stakes with callus formation, number of cuttings with roots, number of roots per stake and length of roots. Treatment temperature of stakes at 1ºC for 14 days (T.E) recorded statistical differences highly significant in terms of number of stakes with outbreaks, length of sheets, number of cuttings with roots, number of roots per stake and length of roots, in relation to the treatment temperature of beds, substrate subjected to 25ºC (T.C) obtained statistical differences significant number of cuttings with roots and number of roots per stake. The mortality of 100% of the stakes to the 90 days, was possibly due to a phytotoxicity caused by resins and tannins contained in the sawdust of pine used as substrate in the experiment. Key words: Alnus jorullensis, cooling, planting, rooting.
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