Identificación de diversas cepas del género Trichoderma por su capacidad como solubilizadoras de Potasio, Fósforo y fijadoras de Nitrógeno mediante técnicas bioquímicas

Abstract

This study evaluated the potential of different strains to solubilize potassium (K) and phosphorus (P), as well as their ability to fix nitrogen (N), to develop sustainable and regenerative agricultural applications. The strains were cultivated in specific media (Pikovskaya and NBRIP), and the results showed that Trichoderma sp. excelled in its high capacity for K and P solubilization (r = 0.85 cm, p < 0.01); however, its N fixation ability was mild. On the other hand, T. neokoningii and T. harzianum demonstrated a good capacity for K and P solubilization but limited ability for N fixation. While T. neokoningii excelled in K solubilization in the Pikovskaya medium, T. atroviride showed a remarkable ability to solubilize P in the NBRIP medium and exhibited a light to moderate N fixation capacity. The statistical data analysis using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences among the strains in their ability to solubilize K and P (p < 0.05). Overall, the study demonstrated that Trichoderma strains have a high potential to solubilize nutrients and fix nitrogen, although it is necessary to carefully evaluate the medium composition and cultivation conditions to optimize their function. Implementing these strains in agriculture can positively impact soil quality and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer inputs.

Keywords: Trichoderma, solubilization, nutrients, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus.