Trabajos de Titulación - Ingeniería Civil
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/38
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Malla Illescas, Jessica Catalina; Rojas Gutiérrez, Lessly Nicole; González Maldonado, Marcos Darío; 0107629537; 0302303797Ítem Acceso Abierto Diseño de prototipo de centro de integración comunitaria para la Ciudad de Cuenca (Cero huella de carbono)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Cuenca Cedillo, Jhonatan Patricio; Peñafiel Ortega, Cristian Eduardo; 0150414027This study proposes the design of a zero-carbon footprint Community Integration Center in Cuenca by utilizing local materials and sustainable techniques to reduce the environmental impact of construction. A mixed methodology (qualitative and quantitative) is applied in three stages: theoretical and contextual research, site diagnosis and participatory analysis, and preliminary design development. In the first stage, the literature is reviewed to establish a technical-conceptual framework, analyzing materials and techniques with low environmental impact. In the second stage, the site’s climatic, physical, and social conditions are studied, passive design strategies are applied, and materials such as adobe and handcrafted brick are used. In the third stage, the preliminary design is developed, calculating the carbon footprint using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and energy simulations. The results show that the use of these materials considerably reduces the carbon footprint without affecting structural quality, demonstrating the feasibility of these strategies in urban and rural contexts. This work establishes precedents for future sustainable constructions in Cuenca.Ítem Acceso Abierto Determinación de las tasas de crecimiento vehicular de la Provincia del Azuay para proyecciones de tráfico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Solano Guevara, Pedro Javier; Verdugo González, Carlos José; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 1400976591; 0107170995This research describes the problematics of accelerated vehicle fleet growth in the province of Azuay, focusing on the city of Cuenca and its impact on urban mobility planning. A quantitative analysis of vehicle growth behavior between 2010 and 2022 was conducted based on the compilation of historical vehicle registration and population data from official sources such as National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC, by its Spanish acronym), Municipal Public Company for Mobility, Transit, and Transportation (EMOV EP, by its Spanish acronym), Association of Automobile Companies of Ecuador (AEADE, by its Spanish acronym), and the Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MTOP, by its Spanish acronym). In Azuay, compound annual growth rates were calculated by vehicle type, while in Cuenca, rates were calculated for total vehicles, and vehicle fleet projections were developed until 2042 using statistical models and linear equations. The study identified factors influencing vehicle growth, including urbanization, fuel subsidies, economic growth, and migration. Likewise, the negative impacts of increased vehicle fleets were analyzed, such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, infrastructure deterioration, and socioeconomic effects. The results show sustained growth in the vehicle fleet, with motorcycles being the segment with the greatest proportional increase, followed by SUVs and trucks. The projections anticipate future mobility scenarios and offer key inputs for formulating public policies for more sustainable and equitable mobility. Finally, they highlight the urgent need to strengthen road infrastructure, optimize public transportation, and promote clean transportation alternatives in the province.Ítem Acceso Abierto Modelación bidimensional de la confluencia de los ríos Machángara y Tomebamba, con DELFT3D(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Lema Nacipucha, Wilson Alexander; Vile Corte, Edwin Oswaldo; Ochoa García, Santiago Aurelio; 0107301533; 0106172547Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis comparativo de las normas Nevi-2012 y el reglamento de la Ley de Sistema de Infraestructura Vial del Transporte Terrestre vigente(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Arévalo Otorongo, Pablo Andrés; Darquea Córdova, Francisco José; 0107296535This thesis analyzes the differences and opportunities for improvement within the regulatory framework of Ecuador's road infrastructure, specifically between the Ecuadorian Road Standard (NEVI-2012 Volume 2A) and the Regulations of the Organic Law of the National Road Infrastructure System for Land Transport. It also compares these with international standards such as the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) from the United States, Colombia’s National Roads Institute (INVIAS), and Peru’s Geometric Design of Roads Handbook. The aim is to identify strengths and weaknesses to plan necessary updates to the Ecuadorian regulations, ensuring a more appropriate, modern, and efficient road infrastructure system. Among the main discrepancies is the use of the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and the Projected Annual Average Daily Traffic (PAADT) as road classification criteria. While the regulations use the AADT to reflect current traffic, this parameter is insufficient for modern vehicular demands. According to the geometric design, the regulations lack detailed technical specifications, unlike the NEVI standard and the international comparison standards, which incorporate clear criteria such as radius of curvature, maximum slopes, lane widths, and environmental sustainability data. The study proposes updating the regulations to incorporate the PAADT as a modern road planning criterion and technical parameters for geometric design. This would ensure that Ecuadorian regulations are more efficient and compatible with international standards.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis del comportamiento de una viga a flexión, al variar el ángulo del gancho estándar para el desarrollo de barras corrugadas a tracción(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Guachisaca Saca, Leidy Andrea; Calle Castro, Carlos Julio; 1950009132The structural design of reinforced concrete beams depends on an adequate bond between the reinforcing steel and the concrete. Therefore, standard hooks in longitudinal reinforcing steel have been widely used to improve stress transfer and ensure structural behavior. Furthermore, current regulations such as ACI 318-19 and NEC, limit their design to angles of 90° and 180°. This limitation raises the need to experimentally evaluate the behavior of beams with different hook angles of 30°, 60°, without hooks, and additionally what the standard recommends, to analyze the behavior of all hooks using a flexural test. Within the analysis of the flexural test, the aim is to find the following parameters: maximum force, maximum moments, and maximum unit strain. For this, 3 samples are made for each hook type to obtain better results. The results demonstrated that the beam without a hook has the lowest resistance. On the other hand, the beams with 60° and 90° hooks stood out for their efficiency, reaching maximum loads of 4328.05 kgf and 4330.14 kgf and maximum moments of 541.00 kgfm and 542.02 kgfm, with a unit strain of 0.0134 and 0.0102. These results suggest that a 60° angle could offer structural performance comparable to 90°, despite not being contemplated in current regulations.Ítem Acceso Abierto Simulación hidrodinámica bidimensional del Río Tomebamba en el tramo de la captación PTAP del Cebollar(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Once Condo, Christian Eduardo; Coronel Bustamante, Rony Efraín; Ochoa García, Santiago Aurelio; 0105724751; 0302131107This research analyzes the two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of the Tomebamba River at the Cebollar Waste-Water Treatment Plant (WWTP), in the section between the Mazán and Sayausí areas. Hydrodynamic variables were presented using the HEC-RAS and IBER modeling tools over an approximate length of 2.6 km. The input data for these computational tools included a digital elevation model obtained through drone surveying and using a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) instrument. Hydrographs and a discharge curve corresponding to a 10-year return period were used as boundary conditions for the model. These conditions were obtained from hydrological data provided by readings from hydrological stations near the study area, monitored by the Municipal Communication, Water, and Sewage Company (ETAPA by its Spanish acronym) and National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI by its Spanish acronym) institutions. To validate the models, a comparison was made with observed water levels for similar events, and the NSE, R², and ECM statistical indices, reflecting good modeling quality. The representations of the flow variables in the intake showed values associated with the characteristics of the hydraulic structure, suggesting an acceptable representation of the flow in this area. Velocities of up to 6.19 m/s were observed, producing shear stresses of up to 177.16 N/m², potentially causing wear on the intake's structural elements and reducing their functionality and lifespan.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de la calidad del servicio de transporte público en buses urbanos de la Ciudad de Cuenca. Caso de estudio líneas 16 y 100(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Quizhpe Garrochamba, Kevin Joel; Narváez Zamora, Reinaldo Matías; Darquea Córdova, Francisco José; 1150464046; 0151194438One of the fundamental problems in the city of Cuenca is the quality of urban public transportation service, which directly impacts residents’ daily lives. For this reason, the objective is to evaluate the quality of public transportation service on urban bus lines 100 and 16 in Cuenca through surveys. Satisfaction surveys were conducted with 186 people, addressing quality criteria in the public transportation service, including punctuality, frequency, comfort, cleanliness, accessibility, safety, and other relevant factors. The surveys were completed through personal interviews and self-administered forms using the Google Forms platform. The results were processed using statistical methods and Excel software. The results obtained from these surveys revealed significant variability between the two lines. Additionally, statistical data from the surveys were used to interpret the level and quality of satisfaction on these two bus lines in Cuenca. For future research, it would be interesting to extend these satisfaction surveys to other bus lines to obtain a deeper and more comprehensive result on user satisfaction.Ítem Acceso Abierto Determinación de parámetros geomecánicos mediante ensayos de campo y ensayos de laboratorio(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Armijos Cango , Angel Danilo; Velasquez Ortega , Jovinson Francisco; González Maldonado, Marcos Darío; 1950052454; 1900862317This study aimed to characterize the geotechnical properties of the underground at the Catholic University of Cuenca - Azogues campus within an area designated for future construction. To this end, geophysical and geomechanical methods were integrated, utilizing a methodology that included excavating a trial pit, conducting two Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs), and implementing a Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) seismic refraction line. An undisturbed sample was obtained from the trial pit, allowing for the determination of particle size distribution, moisture content, Atterberg limits, simple compression, direct shear, and triaxial tests. The SPTs complemented the data obtained from the pit, allowing for the determination, through correlations, of cohesion, internal friction angle, and allowable bearing soil capacity. Additionally, wave velocities (Vs) were measured to identify the soil type. The MASW seismic refraction line, measuring 24 meters long, determined the Vs and P-wave velocities (Vp), identifying different soil strata down to a depth of 30 meters. The results provide information specific to the area where the samples were taken; therefore, to expand knowledge of the soil conditions throughout the site, additional surveys would be necessary within the property.Ítem Acceso Abierto Determinación de parámetros geomecánicos mediante ensayos de campo y ensayos de laboratorio(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Armijos Cango , Angel Danilo; Velasquez Ortega , Jovinson Francisco; González Maldonado, Marcos Darío; 1950052454; 1900862317This study aimed to characterize the geotechnical properties of the underground at the Catholic University of Cuenca - Azogues campus within an area designated for future construction. To this end, geophysical and geomechanical methods were integrated, utilizing a methodology that included excavating a trial pit, conducting two Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs), and implementing a Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) seismic refraction line. An undisturbed sample was obtained from the trial pit, allowing for the determination of particle size distribution, moisture content, Atterberg limits, simple compression, direct shear, and triaxial tests. The SPTs complemented the data obtained from the pit, allowing for the determination, through correlations, of cohesion, internal friction angle, and allowable bearing soil capacity. Additionally, wave velocities (Vs) were measured to identify the soil type. The MASW seismic refraction line, measuring 24 meters long, determined the Vs and P-wave velocities (Vp), identifying different soil strata down to a depth of 30 meters. The results provide information specific to the area where the samples were taken; therefore, to expand knowledge of the soil conditions throughout the site, additional surveys would be necessary within the property.Ítem Acceso Abierto Comparación de costos entre pavimentos flexibles y rígidos en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Maruri Ocampo, Kevin Santiago; Kevin Santiago, Pedro José; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0706687761; 0105501134; LeonardoThis study compares the costs associated with the construction, maintenance, and lifespan of flexible and rigid pavements in road projects in Cuenca, Ecuador. A comprehensive analysis, evaluated factors such as material production, transportation, laying, placement, and maintenance, considering the geographical and logistical characteristics of the three parishes: Ricaurte, Baños, and Sayausí. The methodology included calculating unit prices (UP), optimizing transportation routes using tools like Google Maps and ArcGIS, and assessing operating costs in different scenarios. The results showed that although rigid pavements require an initial investment of 30-40% higher, they offer a longer lifespan (20-30 years) and lower maintenance costs, making them ideal for urban areas with heavy traffic. On the other hand, flexible pavements, with lower initial costs, require frequent interventions, increasing their accumulated expenses by 15-25% over 15 years. Transportation distances had a critical impact: in remote parishes like Baños, logistical costs increased by up to 20% compared to areas close to material sources, such as Ricaurte. The study concludes that the pavement selection should prioritize the specific context of each project, balancing initial costs, durability, and resource accessibility. These findings provide a technical basis for decision-making in road infrastructure in Cuenca, promoting sustainable and economically efficient solutions.Ítem Acceso Abierto Monitoreo y evaluación del deslizamiento en el sector Reina del Cisne: mediante teledetección y geotecnia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Pesántez Cabrera, Pamela Carolina; González Maldonado, Marcos Darío; 0104988738; Cobos Mora, Sandra LucíaThe research addresses the landslide problem in the Reina del Cisne sector of Cuenca, Ecuador. This area is susceptible to landslides due to its mountainous geography, seasonal rainfall, and seismic activity. The study uses an integrated remote sensing and geotechnical engineering approach to analyze landslide typology and kinematics to improve risk management and land-use planning. Through geotechnical and geophysical analyses, the characteristics of the soils and their behavior in response to water infiltration were identified. The results show that soil saturation, combined with the presence of secondary scarps, contributes to slope instability. Furthermore, it was observed that the surface soils have low shear strength, which increases their vulnerability to landslides. Remote sensing provided accurate data on terrain morphology, which was complemented by geotechnical and geophysical studies to obtain a comprehensive assessment of soil conditions. Corrective measures, such as slope reinforcement and improved drainage, are recommended to prevent future landslides.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de la consistencia en el trazado geométrico de 2 vías rurales en terrenos montañosos de la Provincia del Azuay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Gualan Andrade, Johana Priscila; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 1401062169; LeonardoThis research evaluates the consistency of the geometric design of two rural roads in the parish of Ricaurte, province of Azuay, by analyzing operating speeds to identify inconsistencies that affect road safety and propose improvements. In Ecuador, traffic accidents on rural roads are associated with a mismatch between the design speed and the actual operating speed, which leads to abrupt changes in driving behavior and increases the risk of accidents. The justification for this study is based on the need to optimize road infrastructure to reduce accidents and ensure safe and efficient circulation. The methodology combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, using topographic surveys with RTK, geometric reconstruction in AutoCAD Civil 3D, and field speed measurements at the center of curves. The operating speed was determined based on the routes taken in the study sections and compared with the established design speed, following the criteria proposed by Lamm to evaluate the consistency of the geometric layout. The Bibin Road section features a geometric design that aligns with drivers' expectations due to the good consistency of the road. In contrast, the Ricaurte-Llacao road lacks a good geometric design since there are minimal radii which causes drivers to make changes in their operating speed due to the poor consistency of the road.Ítem Acceso Abierto Caracterización experimental y numérica de la rugosidad de fondo en la confluencia del Río Tarqui con el Río Yanuncay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Sarmiento Pineda, Fernando Javier; Zea Vázquez, Marcia Carolina; Ochoa García, Santiago Aurelio; 1105792046; 0107336620In the analysis of natural watercourses, bottom roughness is a fundamental parameter in river hydraulics due to its influence on flow resistance, velocity distribution, and sediment transport. The confluence of the Tarqui and Yanuncay rivers in Cuenca has a limited number of studies focused on its bottom roughness, despite being located in an urban area with a high level of traffic. This study focuses on the experimental and numerical characterization of the bottom roughness of this confluence, which is crucial for a correct hydraulic modeling of the riverbed and a more precise prediction of its behavior. Flow rate and velocity data obtained through the application of the LSPIV technique at the control points of this project has been used, evaluating different methods for roughness calculation. Numerical modeling is conducted using the IBER 2D software, a two-dimensional model used due to its ability to represent the spatial variability of the flow and the interaction between bed conditions and surface velocities. The performance of the model is validated by the high degree of correlation between the experimental and numerical results at the confluence, where variable values were observed as a consequence of its morphology. Additionally, the roughness calculation method that best represents the site conditions and its behavior in different circumstances has been determined. The results demonstrate that photometric analysis of the riverbed material is effective for estimating bottom roughness and developing more reliable and accurate numerical models in confluence areas.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de la calidad del servicio de transporte público en buses urbanos de la Ciudad de Cuenca. Caso de estudio líneas 16 y 100(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Quizhpe Garrochamba, Kevin Joel; Narváez Zamora, Reinaldo Matías; Darquea Córdova, Francisco José; 1150464046; 0151194438One of the fundamental problems in the city of Cuenca is the quality of urban public transportation service, which directly impacts residents’ daily lives. For this reason, the objective is to evaluate the quality of public transportation service on urban bus lines 100 and 16 in Cuenca through surveys. Satisfaction surveys were conducted with 186 people, addressing quality criteria in the public transportation service, including punctuality, frequency, comfort, cleanliness, accessibility, safety, and other relevant factors. The surveys were completed through personal interviews and self-administered forms using the Google Forms platform. The results were processed using statistical methods and Excel software. The results obtained from these surveys revealed significant variability between the two lines. Additionally, statistical data from the surveys were used to interpret the level and quality of satisfaction on these two bus lines in Cuenca. For future research, it would be interesting to extend these satisfaction surveys to other bus lines to obtain a deeper and more comprehensive result on user satisfaction.Ítem Acceso Abierto Optimización para el predimensionamiento de zapatas aisladas de esquina utilizando Smath Studio(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Rodriguez Molina, Carlos Andres; Palma Zambrano, Eduardo Dioney; 0105485767This work analyzes the optimized design of isolated corner footings with connecting beams, which are fundamental elements in building construction. The research is based on the need to automate and improve the design process of these structures, which is traditionally conducted manually and prone to errors. The methodology used included a literature review, the development of algorithms and flowcharts, and their implementation in SMath Studio. The programming model is based on the methods proposed by José Calavera and Pablo Galletero, which innovatively incorporate polynomial regressions based on SAFE computational models in the solution of the connecting beams. The main result is software that automates the design of isolated corner footings with connecting beams, providing accurate and efficient calculations. The program features an intuitive interface for data entry and generates detailed graphs of the dimensions and distribution of reinforcing steel. The software was validated by comparing its results with examples from the literature and models in SAFE, showing an average error of 6.05%. In conclusion, this software represents an innovative solution for designing isolated corner footings, significantly reducing calculation time and minimizing errors. The tool will benefit students and professionals in civil engineering, improving precision and efficiency in foundation design. Furthermore, the applied methodology lays the groundwork for future research in the field of foundations and the use of machine learning in structural design.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis comparativo de la resistencia del hormigón con agregados de las minas ubicadas en Santa Isabel y Paute de la Provincia del Azuay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Peralta Martínez, Lourdes Cecilia; Montesdeoca Fernández, Johanna Paola; Maldonado Noboa , César Humberto; 0106392343; 0150110534One of the challenges in road construction is related to the quantity of materials needed for pavements, the quality of the products, and the arrangement of construction processes. This research aims to analyze the impact on the strength of concrete using aggregates from mines located in Santa Isabel and Paute in the province of Azuay, based on the properties and test of the materials. The research focuses on evaluating the impact of aggregates from the Santa Isabel and Paute mines on the strength of concrete. A literature review was conducted on the aggregates testing, the Fuller-Thompson design method, and compression and bending tests. The results showed that the aggregates from the Paute River exhibit higher porosity (5.48%) than those from the Jubones River (4.025%). The Fuller-Thompson method was used to optimize the distribution of aggregates in the mix. Eighteen concrete specimens (nine of each type of aggregate) were manufactured using two different water/cement ratios. The compression tests revealed that the optimal water/cement ratio for the aggregates from the Paute River was 0.36, achieving 35 MPa, while for the Jubones River aggregates, it was 0.33, reaching 30.23 MPa. This can be attributed to an inadequate grain size distribution. In the bending tests, the aggregates from the Paute River met the standards, in contrast to those from the Jubones River, which did not meet the required specifications.Ítem Acceso Abierto Métodos de curado para hormigones en pavimentos rígidos en la Ciudad de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Cárdenas Peralta, José Luis; Guanuche Angamarca, Anderson Geovanny; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0105480461; 1900771237The curing process is essential in the construction of rigid pavements, as it involves maintaining optimal moisture and temperature conditions for concrete to fully develop its properties. Thanks to technological advancements, curing methods have become highly sophisticated, contributing to the success of modern construction projects. This research aims to analyze and evaluate the results after manufacturing laboratory specimens to improve practices in rigid pavement construction by employing various available methods and tools. In construction, proper and continuous curing is crucial for ensuring the integrity of concrete structures. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness within the construction community about the consequences of not implementing adequate curing practices or performing inefficient curing that fails to provide the concrete with the ideal setting characteristics. Three curing methods were used to conduct the research, and beam and cylinder specimens were produced to verify whether the design load met the required specifications. The results analysis compares the modulus of rupture (MOR) for each tested sample. According to the findings, the curing method that achieved the required strength, as per the MOR, was the immersion method, reaching 4.68 MPa and achieving 105% of the target strength. In contrast, the curing methods using an additive and a plastic film reached 82% and 93% of the strength, respectively.Ítem Acceso Abierto Optimización sostenible de la conservación vial mediante la utilización de mortero de emulsión polimérica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Andrade Vásquez, Adamaris Anahi; Merchán Reyes, Alberto Guillermo; Darquea Córdova, Francisco José; 0302198205; 0105298285Asphalt mortars with polymeric emulsions offer an innovative solution for road maintenance, emphasizing their improved physical and chemical properties. This research evaluated their performance in terms of density, porosity, load-bearing capacity, and chemical composition and analyzed their economic viability compared to traditional road maintenance methods. Granulometry and quality tests were conducted on the aggregates of the Jubones and Paute rivers. Aggregates from the Jubones River were discarded due to negative results in sand equivalent and methylene blue tests, while those from the Paute River met the requirements and were selected for the production of polymer-modified asphalt mortars. Two variants of the asphalt emulsion used were compared: one with 0.35% polymer, provided by the company Emulsiones del Ecuador (EMULDEC, by its Spanish acronym), and another modified with 1.5% polyurethane resin. Viscosity tests showed that both emulsions were suitable for pumping at the plant and on-site. The design of asphalt mortars with materials from the Paute River was carried out using two different work formulas, depending on the type of emulsion used. Potential of hydrogen (pH) and particle charge analysis results indicated that both emulsions were cationic, facilitating proper bonding between the aggregate and the emulsion. Polymer-modified asphalt mortars improve the durability and strength of road infrastructures, offering environmental benefits. Although their initial cost is higher, the reduced need for long-term interventions can generate significant savings.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de la geología en el sector Marianza – Sayausí y su relación con zonas vulnerables a deslizamiento(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Matailo Fernández, Juan Carlos; Rosales Tinoco, Gabriel Alexander; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0106476062; 0750199754Landslides represent a significant geological risk affecting countries around the world. In our country, landslides have left a profound impact due to the loss of human lives and economic resources. The Marianza sector is a highly vulnerable area where the recurrence of these events threatens the safety and well-being of its population. The influence of factors that induce these events, such as geology, is linked to other factors like lithology, topography, slope, and land use, which affect the magnitude of these events. Additionally, factors such as precipitation and anthropogenic activities increase this possibility. This study used a methodology based on various authors’ criteria to identify the sector’s susceptibility. The creation of maps and field visits allowed for the verification that Marianza is situated in a mountainous region characterized by steep slopes ranging from 30% to 70% with a geology composed of the Tarqui and Célica formations, and a predominance of extrusive igneous rocks. The sector has recorded at least two mass wastings in the last two years, between kilometers 10 and 14 of the Cuenca-Molleturo-Naranjal road. The geology of the gorges where these events occurred consists of colluvial and glacial deposits triggered by intense rainfall during the months of high precipitation. The susceptibility map shows that 57.44% and 8.13% of the Marianza territory are located high and very high susceptibility areas.
