Trabajos de Titulación - Ingeniería Civil
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/38
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Optimización para el predimensionamiento de zapatas aisladas de esquina utilizando Smath Studio(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Rodriguez Molina, Carlos Andres; Palma Zambrano, Eduardo Dioney; 0105485767This work analyzes the optimized design of isolated corner footings with connecting beams, which are fundamental elements in building construction. The research is based on the need to automate and improve the design process of these structures, which is traditionally conducted manually and prone to errors. The methodology used included a literature review, the development of algorithms and flowcharts, and their implementation in SMath Studio. The programming model is based on the methods proposed by José Calavera and Pablo Galletero, which innovatively incorporate polynomial regressions based on SAFE computational models in the solution of the connecting beams. The main result is software that automates the design of isolated corner footings with connecting beams, providing accurate and efficient calculations. The program features an intuitive interface for data entry and generates detailed graphs of the dimensions and distribution of reinforcing steel. The software was validated by comparing its results with examples from the literature and models in SAFE, showing an average error of 6.05%. In conclusion, this software represents an innovative solution for designing isolated corner footings, significantly reducing calculation time and minimizing errors. The tool will benefit students and professionals in civil engineering, improving precision and efficiency in foundation design. Furthermore, the applied methodology lays the groundwork for future research in the field of foundations and the use of machine learning in structural design.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis comparativo de la resistencia del hormigón con agregados de las minas ubicadas en Santa Isabel y Paute de la Provincia del Azuay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Peralta Martínez, Lourdes Cecilia; Montesdeoca Fernández, Johanna Paola; Maldonado Noboa , César Humberto; 0106392343; 0150110534One of the challenges in road construction is related to the quantity of materials needed for pavements, the quality of the products, and the arrangement of construction processes. This research aims to analyze the impact on the strength of concrete using aggregates from mines located in Santa Isabel and Paute in the province of Azuay, based on the properties and test of the materials. The research focuses on evaluating the impact of aggregates from the Santa Isabel and Paute mines on the strength of concrete. A literature review was conducted on the aggregates testing, the Fuller-Thompson design method, and compression and bending tests. The results showed that the aggregates from the Paute River exhibit higher porosity (5.48%) than those from the Jubones River (4.025%). The Fuller-Thompson method was used to optimize the distribution of aggregates in the mix. Eighteen concrete specimens (nine of each type of aggregate) were manufactured using two different water/cement ratios. The compression tests revealed that the optimal water/cement ratio for the aggregates from the Paute River was 0.36, achieving 35 MPa, while for the Jubones River aggregates, it was 0.33, reaching 30.23 MPa. This can be attributed to an inadequate grain size distribution. In the bending tests, the aggregates from the Paute River met the standards, in contrast to those from the Jubones River, which did not meet the required specifications.Ítem Acceso Abierto Métodos de curado para hormigones en pavimentos rígidos en la Ciudad de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Cárdenas Peralta, José Luis; Guanuche Angamarca, Anderson Geovanny; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0105480461; 1900771237The curing process is essential in the construction of rigid pavements, as it involves maintaining optimal moisture and temperature conditions for concrete to fully develop its properties. Thanks to technological advancements, curing methods have become highly sophisticated, contributing to the success of modern construction projects. This research aims to analyze and evaluate the results after manufacturing laboratory specimens to improve practices in rigid pavement construction by employing various available methods and tools. In construction, proper and continuous curing is crucial for ensuring the integrity of concrete structures. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness within the construction community about the consequences of not implementing adequate curing practices or performing inefficient curing that fails to provide the concrete with the ideal setting characteristics. Three curing methods were used to conduct the research, and beam and cylinder specimens were produced to verify whether the design load met the required specifications. The results analysis compares the modulus of rupture (MOR) for each tested sample. According to the findings, the curing method that achieved the required strength, as per the MOR, was the immersion method, reaching 4.68 MPa and achieving 105% of the target strength. In contrast, the curing methods using an additive and a plastic film reached 82% and 93% of the strength, respectively.Ítem Acceso Abierto Optimización sostenible de la conservación vial mediante la utilización de mortero de emulsión polimérica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Andrade Vásquez, Adamaris Anahi; Merchán Reyes, Alberto Guillermo; Darquea Córdova, Francisco José; 0302198205; 0105298285Asphalt mortars with polymeric emulsions offer an innovative solution for road maintenance, emphasizing their improved physical and chemical properties. This research evaluated their performance in terms of density, porosity, load-bearing capacity, and chemical composition and analyzed their economic viability compared to traditional road maintenance methods. Granulometry and quality tests were conducted on the aggregates of the Jubones and Paute rivers. Aggregates from the Jubones River were discarded due to negative results in sand equivalent and methylene blue tests, while those from the Paute River met the requirements and were selected for the production of polymer-modified asphalt mortars. Two variants of the asphalt emulsion used were compared: one with 0.35% polymer, provided by the company Emulsiones del Ecuador (EMULDEC, by its Spanish acronym), and another modified with 1.5% polyurethane resin. Viscosity tests showed that both emulsions were suitable for pumping at the plant and on-site. The design of asphalt mortars with materials from the Paute River was carried out using two different work formulas, depending on the type of emulsion used. Potential of hydrogen (pH) and particle charge analysis results indicated that both emulsions were cationic, facilitating proper bonding between the aggregate and the emulsion. Polymer-modified asphalt mortars improve the durability and strength of road infrastructures, offering environmental benefits. Although their initial cost is higher, the reduced need for long-term interventions can generate significant savings.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de la geología en el sector Marianza – Sayausí y su relación con zonas vulnerables a deslizamiento(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Matailo Fernández, Juan Carlos; Rosales Tinoco, Gabriel Alexander; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0106476062; 0750199754Landslides represent a significant geological risk affecting countries around the world. In our country, landslides have left a profound impact due to the loss of human lives and economic resources. The Marianza sector is a highly vulnerable area where the recurrence of these events threatens the safety and well-being of its population. The influence of factors that induce these events, such as geology, is linked to other factors like lithology, topography, slope, and land use, which affect the magnitude of these events. Additionally, factors such as precipitation and anthropogenic activities increase this possibility. This study used a methodology based on various authors’ criteria to identify the sector’s susceptibility. The creation of maps and field visits allowed for the verification that Marianza is situated in a mountainous region characterized by steep slopes ranging from 30% to 70% with a geology composed of the Tarqui and Célica formations, and a predominance of extrusive igneous rocks. The sector has recorded at least two mass wastings in the last two years, between kilometers 10 and 14 of the Cuenca-Molleturo-Naranjal road. The geology of the gorges where these events occurred consists of colluvial and glacial deposits triggered by intense rainfall during the months of high precipitation. The susceptibility map shows that 57.44% and 8.13% of the Marianza territory are located high and very high susceptibility areas.Ítem Acceso Abierto Factores que influyen en la movilidad y elección de modos de transporte en la Parroquia Ricaurte(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Duy Campoverde, Maite Nicole ; Noboa Maldonado, César Humberto; 0107199861Mobility and transportation are essential for the development of any region. In the parish of Ricaurte, these aspects face challenges that impact the safety and efficiency of residents’ movements. The study “Factors Influencing Mobility and Transportation Mode Choices in the Parish of Ricaurte” aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing people's transportation decisions. To this end, data collection was conducted at five intersections near the central area of the parish, determining the public transport lines (7 lines) and taxi cooperatives (5 companies) operating in and towards the parish. Additionally, origin-destination surveys were administered to assess mobility conditions and transportation modes. The results show that the road infrastructure is in poor condition, and road safety is inadequate, failing to comply with regulations. Although the bus lines operate with reasonable frequency and cover most of the parish, accessibility is limited due to the defective infrastructure. The surveys indicate that the main reason for travel is work, accounting for 63.8%, and the most commonly used means of transportation is urban buses, at 57.7%. Comfort is the most influential factor when choosing a mode of transportation, representing 30%. The most frequent use of public transport is "several times a week," at 35.2%. Private cars are considered the safest means of transportation, accounting for 69%, while taxis are regarded as the most time-efficient, at 41.9%.Ítem Acceso Abierto Caracterización experimental y numérica de velocidad superficial de la confluencia del Río Tarqui y Yanuncay aplicando la técnica LSPIV(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Aldana Quizhpi, Bryan Steven; Tsenkush Shakai, Tsenkush Shakai; Ochoa García, Santiago Aurelio; 0106653371; 1401132558This study focuses on the experimental and numerical characterization of surface velocity at the confluence of the Tarqui and Yanuncay rivers using the LSPIV (Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. This technique allows for accurate measurement of watercourse surface velocities by analyzing images taken from the water surface, making it a non-intrusive methodology. Experimental measurements were conducted under low flow conditions, which made it possible to observe areas with high velocities in the main river channels. In contrast, lower velocities were found along the river banks. The results reveal the heterogeneous distribution of surface velocities and the flow complexity in mountain rivers. To adequately represent the surface velocity at the confluence of the Tarqui and Yanuncay rivers, a 2D hydrodynamic model was developed. This model showed a high correlation with the experimental data, validating its reliability. The analysis found average errors of 1.26% in the Tarqui River, 2.75% in the Yanuncay River, and 1.77% at the confluence point. Experimental and numerical techniques, in conjunction with LSPIV, proved to be an effective tool for flow characterization in river confluence zones. Combining these techniques with numerical modeling provides a solid methodology for analyzing and managing complex river systems.Ítem Acceso Abierto Incidencia de la viruta de acero en el comportamiento de pavimentos rígidos sometidos a esfuerzos de flexión(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Armijos Lojano, Alex Antony; Cruz Torres, Neyber Eduardo; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 1900667070; 1950018513Today, rigid pavements are a common option to build roads. However, these face significant challenges when subjected to different loads for which they are designed. Failures caused by bending stresses in the concrete are a common problem, which generates cracking problems in the pavement, thus reducing its useful life. This research evaluates the flexural behavior of concrete incorporating steel chips compared to the usual concrete in pavements. The methodology consisted of analyzing the modulus of rupture of both beams without and with steel chips, using the ASTM C78 standard, designing a concrete with a compressive strength of 350 kgf/cm2, in addition to replacing the fine aggregate with steel chips in percentages of 3%, 6%, and 9% respectively. Based on the results obtained, the concrete with 9% chips achieved the best result, with a modulus of rupture of 46,929 kgf/cm2; on the other hand, the traditional concrete obtained a result of 40,596 kgf/cm2, thus presenting an improvement of 15.6% in the concrete with the inclusion of chips. Likewise, the highest compressive strength was 449 kgf/cm2 with 6% chips, thus leaving a clear idea of how beneficial it can be to replace the fine aggregate with steel chips in concrete for pavements. Finally, rigid pavements that include steel chips in the concrete can have significant benefits in terms of the modulus of rupture.Ítem Acceso Abierto Incidencia de la viruta de acero en el comportamiento de pavimentos rígidos sometidos a esfuerzos de flexión(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Armijos Lojano, Alex Antony; Cruz Torres, Neyber Eduardo; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 1900667070; 1950018513; LeonardoToday, rigid pavements are a common option to build roads. However, these face significant challenges when subjected to different loads for which they are designed. Failures caused by bending stresses in the concrete are a common problem, which generates cracking problems in the pavement, thus reducing its useful life. This research evaluates the flexural behavior of concrete incorporating steel chips compared to the usual concrete in pavements. The methodology consisted of analyzing the modulus of rupture of both beams without and with steel chips, using the ASTM C78 standard, designing a concrete with a compressive strength of 350 kgf/cm2, in addition to replacing the fine aggregate with steel chips in percentages of 3%, 6%, and 9% respectively. Based on the results obtained, the concrete with 9% chips achieved the best result, with a modulus of rupture of 46,929 kgf/cm2; on the other hand, the traditional concrete obtained a result of 40,596 kgf/cm2, thus presenting an improvement of 15.6% in the concrete with the inclusion of chips. Likewise, the highest compressive strength was 449 kgf/cm2 with 6% chips, thus leaving a clear idea of how beneficial it can be to replace the fine aggregate with steel chips in concrete for pavements. Finally, rigid pavements that include steel chips in the concrete can have significant benefits in terms of the modulus of rupture.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis comparativo de bases granulares con mezcla de Consolid, cal y cemento(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Villa Ortiz, Juan Fernando; Heras Marquina, Christian Rodrigo; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0105260509; 0106827827This research focuses on stabilizing a granular base by mixing different additives to improve the structure of a pavement. The construction of roads in Ecuador involves the exploitation of non-renewable materials from mines, quarries, and rivers. To address this issue, the aim is to reduce the consumption of these resources by enhancing the mechanical properties of materials with viable and sustainable alternatives. The objective was to find viable stabilization options using additives such as lime, cement, and Consolid 555, following the dosages recommended by current regulations and the specifications of the suppliers. The results showed that the material without stabilizing additives has a plasticity index (PI) of 3.55% and a CBR of 87%. Dosages of 4% for cement, 3% for lime, and 0.6 lt/m³ of Consolid 555 along with 3 kg/m² of Solidry were used. These dosages significantly improved the load-bearing capacity: the CBR increased to 123.7% with cement, 102.76% with lime, and 190.44% with Consolid 555. Furthermore, the implementation of these additives allowed for the determination of the reduction in the thicknesses of the granular base layers, which were obtained using the AASHTO 1993 design guidelines for pavement structures; decreasing from a thickness of 20 cm of base without additives to 19 cm of stabilization with lime, to 17 cm of stabilization with cement, and to 13 cm of stabilization with Consolid 555.Ítem Acceso Abierto Estudio de la influencia de imperfecciones geométricas en el comportamiento de Perfiles Tipo I (armados)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Buñay Reinoso, Francisco Alciviades; Romero González, Rómulo Ricardo; 0301489720As production is still handmade in our context, construction defects may arise during the fabrication process. Thus, this research examines the flexural impact of geometric imperfections in reinforced type I beams. In this context, the study evaluates the behavior of type I beams subjected to flexural stresses. Therefore, “specimens” of beams with and without geometric imperfections were built. They were subjected to the point loads using a hydraulic press after an empirical laboratory process and using appropriate calculations for the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of the concrete beam subjected to previous flexural stresses. The values obtained show a loss of up to 24.94% of resistance in the reinforced beam and the process exposed to increased temperature, causing a sinuosity in the core of the structural member. Based on the evaluation of the results, it is concluded that the reinforced type I beams with geometric imperfections experience a significant reduction in their load capacity, thus compromising their structural resistance with values ranging from 20.46% to an alarming 24.94%, values that would seriously jeopardize a structure.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Rivera Ochoa, Jessica Maricela; Delgado Garzón, Paola Verónica; 1400897433Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de seguridad vial enfocada en usuarios vulnerables: Centro Parroquial El Valle- Cantón Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Condo Segarra, Karla Antonella; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0107290959; MaldonadoRoad safety is essential to ensure the well-being of all users, especially in busy areas like the "El Valle" Parish Center. This sector experiences significant traffic from vehicles and pedestrians, including a notable population of vulnerable users such as people with disabilities, the elderly, and children. This study addresses the road safety issue in "El Valle," focusing on vulnerable users. The research is justified by the lack of infrastructure and insufficient road signage, which endangers the safety of these groups. Critical areas were identified based on the incidence of accidents, the conditions of the road infrastructure, and the volume of pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Therefore, observations and photographic records were made to evaluate of dangerous practices and risk factors. Additionally, detailed information was gathered on the existing road infrastructure; vehicular and pedestrian traffic volumes were analyzed using video equipment and manual counts. The results reveal significant deficiencies in the road infrastructure, such as the absence of ramps, adequate pedestrian crossings, and clear signage. The most critical intersection was number one, with a maximum of 13,479 vehicles on Sunday, highlighting the Santa Ana-Cuenca traffic flow. On Monday, there is the highest influx of vulnerable users, reaching up to 38% of crossings of vulnerable users at Intersection 1 and 36% at Intersection 2, with a high concentration around noon due to children crossing from educational centers.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Jara Cárdenas, Esteban Santiago; Cordero Cabrera, Carlos Julio; 0150214864;Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sánchez Rodas , Joel Alexander; Condolo Poma, Michael Anderson; González Maldonado, Marcos Darío; 1104827611; 0106290539Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de seguridad vial enfocada en usuarios vulnerables: Centro Parroquial El Valle- Cantón Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Condo Segarra, Karla Antonella; Maldonado Noboa, César Humberto; 0107290959Road safety is essential to ensure the well-being of all users, especially in busy areas like the "El Valle" Parish Center. This sector experiences significant traffic from vehicles and pedestrians, including a notable population of vulnerable users such as people with disabilities, the elderly, and children. This study addresses the road safety issue in "El Valle," focusing on vulnerable users. The research is justified by the lack of infrastructure and insufficient road signage, which endangers the safety of these groups. Critical areas were identified based on the incidence of accidents, the conditions of the road infrastructure, and the volume of pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Therefore, observations and photographic records were made to evaluate of dangerous practices and risk factors. Additionally, detailed information was gathered on the existing road infrastructure; vehicular and pedestrian traffic volumes were analyzed using video equipment and manual counts. The results reveal significant deficiencies in the road infrastructure, such as the absence of ramps, adequate pedestrian crossings, and clear signage. The most critical intersection was number one, with a maximum of 13,479 vehicles on Sunday, highlighting the Santa Ana-Cuenca traffic flow. On Monday, there is the highest influx of vulnerable users, reaching up to 38% of crossings of vulnerable users at Intersection 1 and 36% at Intersection 2, with a high concentration around noon due to children crossing from educational centers.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Quezada Chumbay, Fernando José; Rodas Gaibor, Jennifer Nicole; Palma Zambrano, Eduardo Dioney; 0105880579; 0105059646Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Dominguez Fajardo, Wilmer Santiago; Cordero Cabrera, Carlos Julio; 0105980288Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Córdova Guzmán, Michelle Alejandra; López Guanoquiza, Micaela Estefanía; Palma Zambrano, Eduardo Dioney; 0106878820; 0107454175Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de generación hidroeléctrica para estaciones de bombeo, con energía de conducciones de agua. Caso de estudio Proyecto de Riego Minas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Cardona Vivar, Pablo Cesar; Ochoa García , Santiago Aurelio; 0706911153The use of drinking water for power generation has been seen throughout history from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to the present day with hydroelectric power plants. In Ecuador, 92% of the electricity is generated from hydroelectric sources used as a sustainable resource. In this work, we propose using drinking water that circulates through pipelines to supply the pumping stations to the communities of the Ludo parish. After the analysis, it was found that, due to the losses, the turbines reduce the height at which the water reaches the sections, thereby impeding its arrival. In turn, the energy generated by the turbines is insufficient to supply all the proposed pumping stations, so other renewable sources or state-provided energy must be implemented to carry out the water conveyance.
