Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Odontología
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/93
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Factores asociados al fracaso en un tratamiento endodóntico. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-07-09) Jonnathan Javier , Oliveros Calle; Coloma Calle, Coloma Calle; 0301805834OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the most relevant factors that negatively influence the success of endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted to describe the influence of internal root canal anatomy on failed primary endodontic treatments, using PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a total of 12 articles relevant to the topic of study. RESULTS: Among the 12 studies reviewed, 66.6% reported that the failure to locate root canals is a cause of endodontic treatment failure. An overall 30.36% of root canals were found to be untreated, including 58.69% of second mesiobuccal “MB2” canals, according to the analysis of seven authors. Additionally, 33.3% of the studies highlighted that C-shaped canals predispose to endodontic failure, demonstrating that their complex anatomy can make instrumentation and obturation difficult, contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: The omission of root canals such as MB2 and those with C-shaped morphology is an important cause of endodontic failure, often linked to persistent infections and periapical lesions. Detection and successful treatment depend on the use of advanced technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography and optical magnification, as well as the clinical experience of the operator. A meticulous technique based on anatomical knowledge and appropriate diagnosis resources is key to improving outcomes in endodontics. Keywords: Endodontic retreatment, endodontic failure, root canalsÍtem Acceso Abierto Comparación de los beneficios del Biodentine y MTA en el tratamiento endodóntico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-07-08) Guamán Viscaino, Evelyn Margoth; Romero Chimborazo, Rosa Maritza; Sánchez Ordoñez, María José; 0302633276Introduction: Endodontics has advanced with the use of bioceramic materials such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, both recognized for their biocompatibility, sealing capacity, and healing properties. These materials are used in treatments such as root canal filling and pulpotomy, but they present clinical differences that warrant comparison. Objective: To compare the benefits of Biodentine and MTA in endodontic treatments, focusing on clinical efficacy, healing effectiveness, apical sealing, and biocompatibility. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and using the PICO strategy. Fifteen studies (clinical and in vitro trials) published between 2018 and 2025 were analyzed, extracted from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Both materials demonstrated high effectiveness, with over 90% clinical and radiographic success. Biodentine showed advantages over MTA in terms of biocompatibility, better marginal adaptation, less tooth discoloration, and greater capacity to induce the formation of the reparative dentin bridge. It was also easier to handle and set faster. Conclusion: While MTA remains an effective material, Biodentine proved to be a more efficient, esthetic, and favorable option in endodontic treatments, particularly in primary dentition and anterior teeth. Keywords: MTA, Biodentine, root canal filling, endodontic treatment, bioceramics.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-07-08) Cuesta Guzmán, Jomayra Thalía; Mora Murillo, Romina Salomé; Montesinos Rivera , Mayra Vanessa; 0104581392; 0107211039Ítem Acceso Abierto Complicaciones por extravasación de hipoclorito de sodio en endodoncia. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-06-19) Solano Quizhpilema, Nube Isabel; Sánchez Ordoñez, María José; 0302930334; MelissaThis study aims to identify the complications resulting from the extrusion of sodium hypochlorite during endodontic procedures through a comprehensive literature review. A systematic search and data collection were conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on clinical studies, systematic reviews, and relevant case reports published between 2018 and 2024. The findings indicate that sodium hypochlorite extrusion may lead to a range of severe complications, including soft tissue inflammation, hemorrhage, osteonecrosis, and even irreversible neurological damage. These adverse outcomes are often associated with factors such as excessive irrigation pressure, inappropriate needle selection, and complex root canal anatomy, which collectively increase the risk of such incidents. Among the most effective preventive strategies are the use of side-vented, blunt-end irrigation needles, control of irrigation pressure, and thorough preoperative anatomical assessment. For clinical management, the main therapeutic measures include the use of saline solution for irrigation, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy, and, in more severe cases, surgical treatment. Both the technique employed during treatment and the use of sodium hypochlorite as an irrigant can compromise patient health if not handled with proper caution. Thus, developing and standardizing prevention and management protocols represent the first steps toward achieving a more favorable prognosis. Keywords: sodium hypochlorite, endodontics, extrusion, complications, clinical managementÍtem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-06-19) Malca Malca, Janneth Noemy; Abad Freire., Viviana Daniela; 0604875674; MelissaÍtem Acceso Abierto Efectos Clínicos de la expansión maxilar rápida y lenta en el paciente pediátrico.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-06-19) Guerrero Morocho, Erick Eduardo; Ordoñez Crespo, Paola Alexandra; 1726016338; Cardenas, MelissaOBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effects of slow and rapid maxillary expansion in the pediatric patient and its impact throughout the therapeutic time. The differences between both techniques were contrasted, and the complications associated with each were identified to present a visual tool to facilitate clinical decision-making. METHODS: Descriptive and observational studies based on the review of 61 academic publications selected from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases, clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and experimental trials published between 2019 and 2025 were included. Specific inclusion criteria were used to ensure the relevance of the studies. RESULTS: Rapid Maxillary Expansion (EMR) effectively corrects transverse malocclusions quickly, but it presents complications such as dental inclination and the appearance of diastemas. Slow Maxillary Expansion (EML)showed fewer side effects and greater long-term stability, although it requires a longer treatment time. Both techniques presented common complications, such as pain and recurrence, which are adaptable with adequate follow-up. CONCLUSION: Slow Maxillary Expansion (EML) and Rapid Maxillary Expansion (EMR) are techniques used in pediatric patients and both generate positive clinical effects, which improve masticatory function, nasal breathing, better facial esthetics, and correct transverse maxillary development. EMR offers rapid short-term results, but with risks of complications, while Slow Maxillary Expansion (EML) offers more progressive and stable long-term results. Keywords: maxillary expansion, rapid maxillary expansion, slow maxillary expansion, malocclusion, periodontal complicationsÍtem Acceso Abierto Nivel de ansiedad de acuerdo a la escala de corah modificada en los pacientes que asisten a la consulta odontológica en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca sede Azogues periodo 2024-2024.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-20) Bonilla Reinoso, Evelin Marisol; Vallejo Aguirre, Rodrigo Fernando; 016933358OBJECTIVE: To determine the anxiety level in adult patients attending dental consultations at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, from March to August 2024, using the Modified Corah Scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a quantitative research study with a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional design. The study was prospective and conducted from March to August 2024. The sample consisted of 200 patients who visited the dental specialty clinics at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Modified Corah Scale. RESULTS: The results showed that 33% of the patients had moderate anxiety (66 patients), 31.5% had high anxiety or phobia (63 patients), 20.5% had severe anxiety or phobia (41 patients), and only 15% reported mild or no anxiety (30 patients). Women showed slightly higher anxiety levels than men, especially when anesthesia and high-speed dental handpieces were used. CONCLUSION: Moderate anxiety was the most frequent among the dental patients evaluated, revealing that over 50% experience significant discomfort when attending consultations. These results highlight the need to implement emotional management strategies in the clinical setting to optimize patient experience and treatment outcomes. KEYWORDS: dental anxiety, dental care, modified Corah scaleÍtem Acceso Abierto Tratamiento de maloclusiones esqueletales clase II en pacientes en crecimiento. Una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-20) Parra Andrade , Andrea Lisbeth; Ordoñez Crespo, Paola Alexandra; 0650528078Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-19) Dumaguala Uzhca, Mariela Elizabeth; Gutama Gutama, Maritza Verónica; Montesinos Rivera , Mayra Vanessa; 0107051542; 0107014755Ítem Acceso Abierto Manejo quirúrgico del odontoma compuesto mandibular. Reporte de caso.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-08) Morocho Aguaiza, Cinthia Elizabeth; Pichazaca Morocho, Achik Sisa; Aguilar Maldonado , José David; 0350153169; 0302653894Odontomas are benign odontogenic tumors with a high prevalence rate in the maxillary region. They are composed of odontogenic epithelium, mesenchymal tissue, and dental tissue. Odontomas are usually tumors that are incidentally diagnosed by radiographic examinations. Their exact etiology remains unknown, but they have been associated with factors such as infections, trauma, severe dental crowding, and genetic mutations. This research aims to report the clinical case of a 24-year-old male patient who attended the Dental Specialties Center of the Catholic University of Cuenca, Campus Azogues, for the extraction of a root remnant of tooth 1.6. During the radiographic examination, an important finding was observed in the mandibular area, which was diagnosed as a compound odontoma, a diagnosis that was later confirmed by imaging studies. Treatment was surgical, using the enucleation technique. Follow-up and control were performed at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, and the outcomes were favorable. Keywords: compound odontoma, histopathology, enucleation, radiography, surgical treatmentÍtem Acceso Abierto Factores de riesgo relacionados al bruxismo de sueño en niños y adolescentes Scoping review(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-05) León Ramón, Celena del Carmén; Valarezo Feijoo, Alexis Jasiel; Ordoñez Crespo, Paola AlexandraIntroduction: sleep bruxism in children and adolescents is a multifactorial disorder that integrates genetic, emotional, physiological and environmental factors. Aim: to systema-tically map available studies on risk factors associated with sleep bruxism in children and adolescents. Methodology: This scoping review included 13 observational studies to sys-tematically map risk factors related to bruxism. Eligibility criteria were articulated to the PCC framework (population, concept, context). Results: The influence of genetic predispo-sition, emotional stress, physiological conditions (such as gastro-oesophageal reflux) and socio-environmental variables such as family dynamics and exposure to electronic devices are highlighted. In addition, disparities were detected in subgroups, such as children with developmental problems or those influenced by recent social transformations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Hereditary susceptibility, neurological abnormalities, emotional stress and inadequate sleep environments are among the most important deter-minants. Despite advances in the understanding of this disorder, significant gaps remain in the literature, in terms of longitudinal research and specific subpopulations. KEYWORDS:risk factors, sleep bruxism, children, adolescents, reviewÍtem Acceso Abierto Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la odontopediatría(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-28) Gaón Arévalo, Michelle Carolina; Zapata Franco, Rubén Alfonso; Morocho Macas, Ángel Aurelio; 1900506104; 0706584752Introduction: Pediatric dentistry faces specific challenges in diagnosing, treating, and preventing oral diseases in children, who often have difficulty cooperating and communicating their symptoms. Despite technological advances and the growing enthusiasm around Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is still a lack of consensus and solid evidence regarding its accuracy, effectiveness, and specific clinical application in pediatric dentistry. Thus, the integration of AI in pediatric dentistry holds the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in pediatric patients. Objective: This research aimed to determine the practical applications of AI in pediatric dentistry. Methodology: A literature review on AI applications in pediatric dentistry, including machine learning and neural networks, was conducted. Results: AI enhances the early detection of caries and dental anomalies, optimizes orthodontic treatments, and facilitates the management of children's behavior. It also contributes to the personalization of treatments through the analysis of clinical data. Conclusion: AI represents a revolution in pediatric dentistry, offering significant clinical benefits. Its implementation requires overcoming technological and ethical barriers to ensure its efficacy and safety in practice. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, pediatric dentistry, applications, uses, practicesÍtem Acceso Abierto Avances, aplicaciones y perspectivas de la inteligencia artificial en periodoncia. Revisión de alcance.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-28) Santander Siguencia, Carlos Sebastián; Vásquez Quishpilema, Edison Geovanny; Morocho Macas, Ángel Aurelio; 0106988264; 0301916730Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a frequently used tool in periodontal diagnosis and treatment; however, its widespread implementation faces several challenges. This study aimed to determine AI's advances, applications, and perspectives in periodontics through a scoping review of contemporary literature. A scoping review was conducted using scientific databases such as SCOPUS, WoS, PubMed, and SciELO. The results demonstrated that AI has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy by evaluating radiographic images and detecting periodontitis-associated genetic biomarkers. Nevertheless, discrepancies were identified concerning the standardization of methodologies and the heterogeneity of the data used. The conclusions emphasize that, although AI has made remarkable advances in the field of periodontics, it is necessary to address technological and methodological limitations to facilitate its full integration into clinical practice and increase its acceptance among healthcare professionals and patients. Keywords: Advances, applications, perspectives, artificial intelligence, periodonticsÍtem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-25) TENECELA ÑAMIÑA, SILVIA MERCEDES; AYORA TORRES, STEFANNY NICOLE; TINTIN REA, JOSE FERNANDO; 0605659200; 1105487571Ítem Acceso Abierto Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la odontopediatría(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-25) GAÓN ARÉVALO, MICHELLE CAROLINA; ZAPATA FRANCO, RUBEN ALFONSO; MOROCHO MACAS , ÁNGEL AURELIO; 1900506104; 0706584752Introduction: Pediatric dentistry faces specific challenges in diagnosing, treating, and preventing oral diseases in children, who often have difficulty cooperating and communicating their symptoms. Despite technological advances and the growing enthusiasm around Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is still a lack of consensus and solid evidence regarding its accuracy, effectiveness, and specific clinical application in pediatric dentistry. Thus, the integration of AI in pediatric dentistry holds the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in pediatric patients. Objective: This research aimed to determine the practical applications of AI in pediatric dentistry. Methodology: A literature review on AI applications in pediatric dentistry, including machine learning and neural networks, was conducted. Results: AI enhances the early detection of caries and dental anomalies, optimizes orthodontic treatments, and facilitates the management of children's behavior. It also contributes to the personalization of treatments through the analysis of clinical data. Conclusion: AI represents a revolution in pediatric dentistry, offering significant clinical benefits. Its implementation requires overcoming technological and ethical barriers to ensure its efficacy and safety in practice. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, pediatric dentistry, applications, uses, practicesÍtem Acceso Abierto Comparación de rugosidades en composites con sistemas de pulido de dos pasos versus tres pasos. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-24) Suin Malla, Jennifer Estefania; Tintin Rea , Jose Fernando; 0106341951OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to compare the surface roughness of dental composites using two-step versus three-step polishing systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology, analyzing studies published between 2015 and 2024 in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science. Investigations that evaluated the surface roughness of composite resins after the use of using different polishing systems were included. RESULTS: The findings indicated that two-step systems, such as Sof-Lex Diamond and Enhance/PoGo, achieved lower surface roughness values than some three-step systems, such as Astropol and Sof-Lex XT. CONCLUSION: Two-step systems proved highly effective, optimizing clinical time and providing an adequate aesthetic finish. Additionally, they allow for better adaptation to the specific characteristics of the resin used and the treatment approach, whether conservative, aesthetic, or functional. Keywords: dental finishing, dental polishing, compositesÍtem Acceso Abierto Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre odontopediatría en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-23) Calderón Parra, Nicole Salomé; García Moina , Katherine Mariela; Morocho Macas, Ángel Aurelio; 0350119517; 0302602305; Morocho MacasIntroduction: Pediatric dentistry is a specialty focused on maintaining the oral health of the pediatric population. Over the years, experimental and non-experimental studies have been conducted to strengthen clinical practice in this field. In Ecuador, it is necessary to evaluate scientific development through bibliometric studies. Objective: This research aimed to analyze Ecuadorian scientific production on pediatric dentistry through a bibliometric study using the Scopus database. Methodology: A descriptive bibliometric study was conducted. After applying the selection criteria, 14 articles published up to 2024 were obtained. Data such as authors, institutions, journals, citations, and topics were extracted from each article. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The United States leads global scientific production in pediatric dentistry. In Ecuador, the highest number of scientific articles was published in 2023, with Health, Science, and Technology Conference Series, Health and Technology and Advances in Odonto-Stomatology being the journals that published the most articles. Furthermore, the Catholic University of Cuenca was identified as the most productive institution. However, the articles showed limited impact and low citation rates. Conclusion: Research in pediatric dentistry remains limited in Ecuador. Strengthening this field requires promoting research-oriented policies and encouraging multi-institutional studies. Keywords: Pediatric Dentistry, Research, Scientific Production, EcuadorÍtem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-16) Cueva Jiménez, Kevin Josué; Pesántez Zambrano, Anabel Monserrath; Urgilés Esquivel, Cristina Estefanía; 1104964422; 0302364898Ítem Acceso Abierto Eficacia de diferentes activadores de irrigante, en la terapia endodóntica. Revisión sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Santander Ortiz, Jenifer Analia; Coloma Calle, Luis Emilio; 0302386263Endodontic treatment consists of removing the infected pulp tissue to create a three-dimensional seal. An important part of the treatment is endodontic irrigation, which consists of introducing one or more solutions into the pulp chamber and root canals before, during, and after the biomechanical preparation to clean and disinfect the canal system. The irrigant alone cannot completely cover the system; hence, there is a need for an activator that increases the power of the solution and its temperature, enabling it to reach difficult-to-access areas that debridement could not reach. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of activators to enhance the endodontic irrigant and differentiate them based on their bacterial reduction capacity, antibacterial action against Enterococcus faecalis, and temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching scientific articles in databases such as PubMed, Springer Nature Link, and Redalyc, which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Ten articles were obtained from different databases for the respective research, where the efficacy of each irrigant activator was analyzed, resulting in the laser method being more effective in bacterial reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The activators analyzed have correct bacterial effectiveness since all of them eliminate microorganisms from the microflora present; however, the active methods, such as sonic, ultrasonic, and laser, present a higher significance than the conventional method, especially laser and ultrasonic. Keywords: ultrasound, irrigation, sonic, laser, conventional.Ítem Acceso Abierto Causas de la hipomineralización incisivo molar. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) González Pinos, Valeria Fernanda; Ortega López, Miriam Fernanda; 0107565681Introduction: This study describes the potential possible causes of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), a qualitative enamel defect. It usually occurs due to alterations in ameloblasts during dental enamel formation, influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors that can manifest during prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal stages. Clinically, it is characterized by demarcated opacities on incisors and molars. Objective: To identify the causes of molar incisor hypomineralization. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted from 2019 to 2024, reviewing studies in scientific databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Medline, and Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and articles were selected using Boolean operators (OR, AND, NOT). Results: Twenty-nine articles were selected, showing that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors can cause MIH. Conclusion: The primary conclusion of this study is that MIH is an enamel defect that occurs during enamel formation. Alterations in ameloblasts responsible for enamel formation can arise. These cells are highly susceptible to various factors occurring during prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods. Keywords: Hypomineralization, incisor, molar.
