Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Odontología
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/93
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-19) Dumaguala Uzhca, Mariela Elizabeth; Gutama Gutama, Maritza Verónica; Montesinos Rivera , Mayra Vanessa; 0107051542; 0107014755Ítem Acceso Abierto Manejo quirúrgico del odontoma compuesto mandibular. Reporte de caso.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-08) Morocho Aguaiz, Cinthia Elizabeth; Pichazaca Morocho, Achik Sisa; Aguilar Maldonado , José David; 0350153169; 0302653894Odontomas are benign odontogenic tumors with a high prevalence rate in the maxillary region. They are composed of odontogenic epithelium, mesenchymal tissue, and dental tissue. Odontomas are usually tumors that are incidentally diagnosed by radiographic examinations. Their exact etiology remains unknown, but they have been associated with factors such as infections, trauma, severe dental crowding, and genetic mutations. This research aims to report the clinical case of a 24-year-old male patient who attended the Dental Specialties Center of the Catholic University of Cuenca, Campus Azogues, for the extraction of a root remnant of tooth 1.6. During the radiographic examination, an important finding was observed in the mandibular area, which was diagnosed as a compound odontoma, a diagnosis that was later confirmed by imaging studies. Treatment was surgical, using the enucleation technique. Follow-up and control were performed at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, and the outcomes were favorable. Keywords: compound odontoma, histopathology, enucleation, radiography, surgical treatmentÍtem Acceso Abierto Factores de riesgo relacionados al bruxismo de sueño en niños y adolescentes Scoping review(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-05) León Ramón, Celena del Carmén; Valarezo Feijoo, Alexis Jasiel; Ordoñez Crespo, Paola AlexandraIntroduction: sleep bruxism in children and adolescents is a multifactorial disorder that integrates genetic, emotional, physiological and environmental factors. Aim: to systema-tically map available studies on risk factors associated with sleep bruxism in children and adolescents. Methodology: This scoping review included 13 observational studies to sys-tematically map risk factors related to bruxism. Eligibility criteria were articulated to the PCC framework (population, concept, context). Results: The influence of genetic predispo-sition, emotional stress, physiological conditions (such as gastro-oesophageal reflux) and socio-environmental variables such as family dynamics and exposure to electronic devices are highlighted. In addition, disparities were detected in subgroups, such as children with developmental problems or those influenced by recent social transformations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Hereditary susceptibility, neurological abnormalities, emotional stress and inadequate sleep environments are among the most important deter-minants. Despite advances in the understanding of this disorder, significant gaps remain in the literature, in terms of longitudinal research and specific subpopulations. KEYWORDS:risk factors, sleep bruxism, children, adolescents, reviewÍtem Acceso Abierto Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la odontopediatría(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-28) Gaón Arévalo, Michelle Carolina; Zapata Franco, Rubén Alfonso; Morocho Macas, Ángel Aurelio; 1900506104; 0706584752Introduction: Pediatric dentistry faces specific challenges in diagnosing, treating, and preventing oral diseases in children, who often have difficulty cooperating and communicating their symptoms. Despite technological advances and the growing enthusiasm around Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is still a lack of consensus and solid evidence regarding its accuracy, effectiveness, and specific clinical application in pediatric dentistry. Thus, the integration of AI in pediatric dentistry holds the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in pediatric patients. Objective: This research aimed to determine the practical applications of AI in pediatric dentistry. Methodology: A literature review on AI applications in pediatric dentistry, including machine learning and neural networks, was conducted. Results: AI enhances the early detection of caries and dental anomalies, optimizes orthodontic treatments, and facilitates the management of children's behavior. It also contributes to the personalization of treatments through the analysis of clinical data. Conclusion: AI represents a revolution in pediatric dentistry, offering significant clinical benefits. Its implementation requires overcoming technological and ethical barriers to ensure its efficacy and safety in practice. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, pediatric dentistry, applications, uses, practicesÍtem Acceso Abierto Avances, aplicaciones y perspectivas de la inteligencia artificial en periodoncia. Revisión de alcance.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-28) Santander Siguencia, Carlos Sebastián; Vásquez Quishpilema, Edison Geovanny; Morocho Macas, Ángel Aurelio; 0106988264; 0301916730Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a frequently used tool in periodontal diagnosis and treatment; however, its widespread implementation faces several challenges. This study aimed to determine AI's advances, applications, and perspectives in periodontics through a scoping review of contemporary literature. A scoping review was conducted using scientific databases such as SCOPUS, WoS, PubMed, and SciELO. The results demonstrated that AI has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy by evaluating radiographic images and detecting periodontitis-associated genetic biomarkers. Nevertheless, discrepancies were identified concerning the standardization of methodologies and the heterogeneity of the data used. The conclusions emphasize that, although AI has made remarkable advances in the field of periodontics, it is necessary to address technological and methodological limitations to facilitate its full integration into clinical practice and increase its acceptance among healthcare professionals and patients. Keywords: Advances, applications, perspectives, artificial intelligence, periodonticsÍtem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-25) TENECELA ÑAMIÑA, SILVIA MERCEDES; AYORA TORRES, STEFANNY NICOLE; TINTIN REA, JOSE FERNANDO; 0605659200; 1105487571Ítem Acceso Abierto Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la odontopediatría(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-25) GAÓN ARÉVALO, MICHELLE CAROLINA; ZAPATA FRANCO, RUBEN ALFONSO; MOROCHO MACAS , ÁNGEL AURELIO; 1900506104; 0706584752Introduction: Pediatric dentistry faces specific challenges in diagnosing, treating, and preventing oral diseases in children, who often have difficulty cooperating and communicating their symptoms. Despite technological advances and the growing enthusiasm around Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is still a lack of consensus and solid evidence regarding its accuracy, effectiveness, and specific clinical application in pediatric dentistry. Thus, the integration of AI in pediatric dentistry holds the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in pediatric patients. Objective: This research aimed to determine the practical applications of AI in pediatric dentistry. Methodology: A literature review on AI applications in pediatric dentistry, including machine learning and neural networks, was conducted. Results: AI enhances the early detection of caries and dental anomalies, optimizes orthodontic treatments, and facilitates the management of children's behavior. It also contributes to the personalization of treatments through the analysis of clinical data. Conclusion: AI represents a revolution in pediatric dentistry, offering significant clinical benefits. Its implementation requires overcoming technological and ethical barriers to ensure its efficacy and safety in practice. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, pediatric dentistry, applications, uses, practicesÍtem Acceso Abierto Comparación de rugosidades en composites con sistemas de pulido de dos pasos versus tres pasos. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-24) Suin Malla, Jennifer Estefania; Tintin Rea , Jose Fernando; 0106341951OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to compare the surface roughness of dental composites using two-step versus three-step polishing systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology, analyzing studies published between 2015 and 2024 in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science. Investigations that evaluated the surface roughness of composite resins after the use of using different polishing systems were included. RESULTS: The findings indicated that two-step systems, such as Sof-Lex Diamond and Enhance/PoGo, achieved lower surface roughness values than some three-step systems, such as Astropol and Sof-Lex XT. CONCLUSION: Two-step systems proved highly effective, optimizing clinical time and providing an adequate aesthetic finish. Additionally, they allow for better adaptation to the specific characteristics of the resin used and the treatment approach, whether conservative, aesthetic, or functional. Keywords: dental finishing, dental polishing, compositesÍtem Acceso Abierto Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre odontopediatría en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-23) Calderón Parra, Nicole Salomé; García Moina , Katherine Mariela; Morocho Macas, Ángel Aurelio; 0350119517; 0302602305; Morocho MacasIntroduction: Pediatric dentistry is a specialty focused on maintaining the oral health of the pediatric population. Over the years, experimental and non-experimental studies have been conducted to strengthen clinical practice in this field. In Ecuador, it is necessary to evaluate scientific development through bibliometric studies. Objective: This research aimed to analyze Ecuadorian scientific production on pediatric dentistry through a bibliometric study using the Scopus database. Methodology: A descriptive bibliometric study was conducted. After applying the selection criteria, 14 articles published up to 2024 were obtained. Data such as authors, institutions, journals, citations, and topics were extracted from each article. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The United States leads global scientific production in pediatric dentistry. In Ecuador, the highest number of scientific articles was published in 2023, with Health, Science, and Technology Conference Series, Health and Technology and Advances in Odonto-Stomatology being the journals that published the most articles. Furthermore, the Catholic University of Cuenca was identified as the most productive institution. However, the articles showed limited impact and low citation rates. Conclusion: Research in pediatric dentistry remains limited in Ecuador. Strengthening this field requires promoting research-oriented policies and encouraging multi-institutional studies. Keywords: Pediatric Dentistry, Research, Scientific Production, EcuadorÍtem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-04-16) Cueva Jiménez, Kevin Josué; Pesántez Zambrano, Anabel Monserrath; Urgilés Esquivel, Cristina Estefanía; 1104964422; 0302364898Ítem Acceso Abierto Eficacia de diferentes activadores de irrigante, en la terapia endodóntica. Revisión sistemática.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Santander Ortiz, Jenifer Analia; Coloma Calle, Luis Emilio; 0302386263Endodontic treatment consists of removing the infected pulp tissue to create a three-dimensional seal. An important part of the treatment is endodontic irrigation, which consists of introducing one or more solutions into the pulp chamber and root canals before, during, and after the biomechanical preparation to clean and disinfect the canal system. The irrigant alone cannot completely cover the system; hence, there is a need for an activator that increases the power of the solution and its temperature, enabling it to reach difficult-to-access areas that debridement could not reach. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of activators to enhance the endodontic irrigant and differentiate them based on their bacterial reduction capacity, antibacterial action against Enterococcus faecalis, and temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching scientific articles in databases such as PubMed, Springer Nature Link, and Redalyc, which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Ten articles were obtained from different databases for the respective research, where the efficacy of each irrigant activator was analyzed, resulting in the laser method being more effective in bacterial reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The activators analyzed have correct bacterial effectiveness since all of them eliminate microorganisms from the microflora present; however, the active methods, such as sonic, ultrasonic, and laser, present a higher significance than the conventional method, especially laser and ultrasonic. Keywords: ultrasound, irrigation, sonic, laser, conventional.Ítem Acceso Abierto Causas de la hipomineralización incisivo molar. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) González Pinos, Valeria Fernanda; Ortega López, Miriam Fernanda; 0107565681Introduction: This study describes the potential possible causes of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), a qualitative enamel defect. It usually occurs due to alterations in ameloblasts during dental enamel formation, influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors that can manifest during prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal stages. Clinically, it is characterized by demarcated opacities on incisors and molars. Objective: To identify the causes of molar incisor hypomineralization. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted from 2019 to 2024, reviewing studies in scientific databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Medline, and Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and articles were selected using Boolean operators (OR, AND, NOT). Results: Twenty-nine articles were selected, showing that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors can cause MIH. Conclusion: The primary conclusion of this study is that MIH is an enamel defect that occurs during enamel formation. Alterations in ameloblasts responsible for enamel formation can arise. These cells are highly susceptible to various factors occurring during prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods. Keywords: Hypomineralization, incisor, molar.Ítem Acceso Abierto Efectos secundarios del peróxido de hidrógeno al 35% como agente que interviene en el aclaramiento dental. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Condo Once, Cynthia Paola; López Peñafiel, Juan Jóse; 0105891204Introduction: Dental whitening is an aesthetic procedure that removes stains using chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide. Although safe if performed correctly, it can cause side effects such as sensitivity and irritation. Its application under professional supervision ensures optimal results and the preservation of dental health. Objective: To determine the side effects of hydrogen peroxide at 35% as an agent in dental whitening. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted on the side effects of hydrogen peroxide at 35% in dental whitening. The search included databases such as Web of Science, SciELO, and Redalyc, covering articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese published since 2016. Out of 277,661 articles, 57 were included after applying specific exclusion criteria. Results: The study evaluated the effects of whitening with peroxides, comparing at-home and in-office methods. It analyzed enamel alterations, sensitivity, efficacy, and color stability, emphasizing the need to balance results and safety. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide at 35% can alter enamel and cause sensitivity, demineralization, and soft tissue irritation, highlighting the importance of controlled use in clinical settings. Dental whitening is more effective for extrinsic and intrinsic stains, with safety depending on the agent, concentration, and professional supervision to balance results and patient well-being. Keywords: Dental whitening, whitening agents, tooth, dental bleaching agents, tooth bleaching.Ítem Acceso Abierto Condición periodontal en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Romero Calle, Tatiana Paulina; Tello Terán, Damián Alfredo; 0302767108Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder primarily characterized by slowness of movement, resting tremors, and rigidity. On the other hand, periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that destroys the supporting tissues of the teeth, caused by multiple factors, one of which is poor oral hygiene. OBJECTIVE: To determine the periodontal manifestations observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliographic review was conducted by searching scientific articles in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed, and the results were presented in tables. RESULTS: Thirty articles from various databases were selected using different Boolean operators. These articles evaluated the periodontal manifestations in patients with Parkinson's disease, revealing a higher prevalence of periodontitis (60.1%) and gingivitis (19.86%). CONCLUSIONS: The motor impairments associated with Parkinson's disease are often related to periodontal disease, as the condition causes alterations in the patient’s movement, thereby hindering proper oral hygiene. Keywords: Parkinson's disease, periodontal disease, clinical manifestations, gingivitis, periodontitisÍtem Acceso Abierto Efectividad del hipoclorito de sodio en sus diferentes concentraciones y su acción en el conducto radicular. Revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Martínez Piedra, Camila Rosario; Sánchez Ordóñez, María José; 0150637981OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the literature on the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite at different concentrations and its action in the root canal. INTRODUCTION: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics, and it is considered the gold standard for root canal irrigants due to its antibacterial properties and tissue-dissolving abilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A documentary study was conducted through a bibliographic review, analyzing 100 articles from scientific databases such as SciELO, Google Scholar, Redalyc, PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier. Seventy-five articles were excluded for not meeting the required criteria, leaving 25 articles for review. CONCLUSION: Based on the research reviewed, it was found that the action of sodium hypochlorite at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5.25% varies. Concentrations between 0.5% and 2% are preferred for their ability to dissolve the dentinal mud within the root canal and are less toxic. In contrast, concentrations ranging from 2.5% to 5.25% are chosen for their ability to dissolve both organic and inorganic tissue and their high antimicrobial effectiveness within the root canal system. Keywords: sodium hypochlorite, root canal irrigation, action.Ítem Acceso Abierto Inteligencia artificial en la detección de caries dental en radiografías periapicales.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Cepeda Mullo, Lizbeth Johana; Morocho Macas, Ángel Aurelio; 0650222177Artificial intelligence (AI) has been advancing in dentistry, especially when detecting dental caries. Currently, a series of studies have indicated that AI models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNN), are ahead of dental professionals. This work aims to determine the differences in the detection of dental caries by analyzing periapical radiographs between traditional methods and artificial intelligence in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This study was conducted through a systematic literature review with scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and IEEE Xplore. The results indicate that convolutional neural networks can significantly improve caries detection. However, there is a need for further research to establish whether it is the definitive tool for caries diagnosis. In conclusion, while artificial intelligence represents remarkable progress in dentistry, its widespread implementation requires addressing impediments, such as performance variability depending on the data type and images. Nevertheless, its ability to improve diagnostic accuracy and its relevance to clinical practice makes it a promising tool for advancing dental radiographic diagnosis. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Dental caries, Periapical radiographsÍtem Acceso Abierto Nivel de ansiedad de acuerdo a la escala de corah modificada en los pacientes que asisten a la consulta odontológica en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca sede Azogues periodo 2024-2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Verdy Cevallos, Melissa Celeste; Vallejo Aguirre , Rodrigo Fernando; 0704739671OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level in adult patients attending dental consultations at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues Campus, using the Modified Corah Scale from March to August 2024. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, observational, and retrospective cross-sectional study in which 200 surveys were conducted among patients attending the university clinic from the fifth to tenth academic cycle, assessed with the Modified Corah Scale. RESULTS: According to the survey results, most patients experienced moderate anxiety (66 patients) or high anxiety (63 patients). A significant group presented extreme anxiety or phobia (41 patients), indicating intense fear or aversion to dental treatments. Only 30 patients reported mild or no anxiety. CONCLUSION: According to the Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, the prevailing level of anxiety is moderate, indicating that more than half of the patients experience a considerable level of apprehension toward dental consultations. Understanding each patient’s anxiety level is crucial as it can improve care quality and facilitate the performance of various treatments. Keywords: dental anxiety, dental care, modified Corah scaleÍtem Acceso Abierto Consecuencias en cavidad bucal producto de la radioterapia en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Matute Orellana, Daniela Paulina; Tintín Rea , José Fernando; 0107765497Radiotherapy is one of the primary treatments for head and neck cancer, but it results in various complications within the oral cavity. This article aims to describe the oral cavity consequences that occur in the oral cavity when a patient undergoes radiotherapy in a specific head or neck region. The research was conducted as a literature review using scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Results indicate that the predominant complications caused by radiotherapy are mucositis, xerostomia, osteoradionecrosis, radiation-induced dental caries, and taste alterations. These issues are intrinsically related to the administered radiation dose and the specific anatomical region irradiated, negatively impacting patients’ quality of life. Preventive interventions, including fluoride application and laser therapy, are essential to mitigate these adverse effects. The study concluded that radiotherapy in individuals diagnosed with head and neck cancer produces significant adverse effects in the oral cavity. Therefore, preventive and therapeutic dental treatment are vital for alleviating complications and improving quality of life, making a multidisciplinary approach necessary for effectively managing these sequelae. Keywords: consequences, complications, oral cavity, radiotherapy, head and neck cancerÍtem Acceso Abierto Trastornos musculoesqueléticos y síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca sede Azogues durante Marzo-Agosto 2024(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Digna Maritza Pichasaca Mayancela; Jennifer Carolina Duchitanga Caymayo; Miriam Fernanda Ortega López; Angel Aurelio Morocho Macas; 0302990239; 0107195349Dentistry students are exposed to improper postures, leading to musculoskeletal injuries that can result in loss of stability and body balance. These issues are exacerbated by prolonged postures, excessive force, repetitive movements, and an inadequate working environment. Additionally, both students and professionals in the dental field face challenges to their mental health due to the stress and demands of their work, which can lead to the development of Burnout Syndrome (BOS). Objective: To identify the musculoskeletal disorders and BOS associated with clinical practice in the dentistry students Program at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Campus Azogues, from March to August 2024. Methods: This observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study involved the administration of the Nordic Kuorinka and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaires to 198 students, following informed consent and data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics v.27. Results: There was a prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the lumbar, dorsal, neck, and wrist regions. Regarding BOS participants demonstrated low levels of depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion. Conclusions: This study confirms a significant prevalence of BOS and musculoskeletal disorders among dentistry students at the Catholic University of Cuenca Campus Azogues. Keywords: musculoskeletal system; musculoskeletal development; musculoskeletal pain; psychological wear; burnout syndromeÍtem Acceso Abierto Guía de atención odontológica para la prevención primaria en odontopediatría. Revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Bravo Bermeo, Jennifer Estefanía; Abad Freire, Viviana Daniela; 0302983960Dental caries is a common chronic disease in childhood, often associated with poor oral hygiene. Pediatric dentistry plays a vital role in primary prevention, promoting good hygiene habits from an early age. This study aims to develop a dental care guide based on scientific evidence for primary prevention in pediatric dentistry at the UCACUE Clinic. To this effect, a systematic re- view of the scientific literature was conducted on preventive methods, such as fluoride use, dental sealants, and regular dental visits. International and national guidelines were also analyzed and compared with the clinic's protocols. Interviews with pediatric dentists were also performed to identify common practices and areas for improvement. The goal is to create a structured guide that reduces the incidence of caries in children aged 0 to 12, thereby improving children's oral health and the quality of life of pediatric patients. Implementing this guide will contribute to public health by promoting healthy habits from childhood in the community served by the clinic. Keywords: Pediatric Dentistry - Primary Prevention - Oral Health
