Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Odontología
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/93
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Índice periodontal comunitario en adultos del cantón Cañar según el nivel de educación.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-24) Zambrano Piña, Jamilet Alexandra; Sacoto Campoverde, Naidelyn Fernanda; Tello Terán, Damian Alfredo; 0302650593; 0302541982The oral cavity is composed of structures that protect the teeth, which can be affected by various factors. Periodontal disease is an oral health problem in adults due to its increasing prevalence and the rise in tooth loss. Objective: To determine the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) in adults in the canton of Cañar according to their educational level. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted with a sample of 327 patients, where a socioeconomic survey and oral health record were applied, and examinations were carried out using a WHO periodontal probe to collect data that was validated by Cronbach’s alpha. The community periodontal index contains codes to evaluate each patient’s dental units. Results: The prevalence of CPI in adults in the canton of Cañar was 44%; the association with gender showed that there is a 40% disease in men with gingival hemorrhage, calculus, and bags, whereas 68% of women showed periodontal health; the relationship between CPI and educational level is low; adults in the age range of 35–64 years showed a higher prevalence of periodontal disease compared with those aged 18–31 years. Conclusion: The association between CPI and educational level is significant (p = 0.00019), identifying that the majority of the population (53.94%) had primary education, indicating that education is considered important for oral health care. Keywords: community periodontal index, periodontal health, periodontal disease, adults, educational levelItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efecto antifúngico del extracto de menta al 100% vs hipoclorito de sodio al 5 % contra cándida albicans en prótesis de acrílico. Estudio In vitro.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-23) Crespo Palacios, Daniela Salomé; San Martin Andrade, Daniela Fernanda; 0350131082Background: In dentistry, removable acrylic prostheses are a fundamental therapeutic option. However, their porous surface facilitates colonization by Candida albicans, the primary agent associated with denture-related stomatitis. Sodium hypochlorite is one of the most commonly used disinfectants due to its antimicrobial capacity, at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. Nevertheless, its constant use has the potential to harm the mechanical and aesthetic properties of acrylic resin. In this context, plant extracts, such as Mentha piperita extract, have demonstrated antifungal properties owing to components like flavonoids and menthol, positioning them as viable and biocompatible alternatives compared to traditional chemical disinfectants. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of 100% peppermint extract versus 5% sodium hypochlorite against Candida albicans on acrylic dental prostheses in an in vitro study. Methodology: This experimental in vitro analysis was conducted using 30 pieces of heat-cured acrylic resin, each measuring 15 mm in length of Health and Wellness at the Azogues campus of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Results: One hundred percent (100%) mint extract and 5% sodium hypochlorite completely inhibit and eradicate Candida albicans after 15 minutes of exposure. Keywords: sodium hypochlorite, Candida albicans, antifungal, peppermint, in vitroItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectos adversos de los anestésicos locales con vasoconstricción en pacientes hipertensos.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-22) Esparza Piña, Kevin Alejandro; Flores Barrera, Anthony Javier; Aguilar Maldonado, Jose David; 1450087547; 0350308300Vasoconstrictor local anesthetics are widely used in dentistry, especially in surgical procedures, due to their ability to prolong anesthesia, reduce bleeding, and decrease systemic toxicity. However, their use in hypertensive patients is a cause for concern, as this condition is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions. The use of vasoconstrictors, such as epinephrine or felypressin, may cause hemodynamic alterations; therefore, it is essential to evaluate their safety in this population. Objective: To evaluate the adverse effects of local anesthetics with vasoconstriction in hypertensive patients. Methodology: A literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines by searching scientific databases. Clinical, observational, and controlled trials that evaluated hemodynamic parameters in hypertensive patients during dental procedures were included. Results: In seven studies analyzed, controlled hypertensive patients who received anesthetics such as lidocaine, articaine, prilocaine, or mepivacaine with vasoconstrictor had no clinically significant hemodynamic variations; and no relevant adverse effects were reported. Discussion: The available evidence suggests that the use of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors is safe in controlled hypertensive patients, provided the recommended doses are respected and constant monitoring is performed. Conclusion: Local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors do not produce clinically significant adverse effects in controlled hypertensive patients, showing minimal variations in blood pressure. However, these results should not be extrapolated to uncontrolled patients, for whom the risk may be higher. Keywords: local anesthetics, vasoconstrictor, hypertensive patients.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relación entre la edad cronológica y la calcificación dental del tercer molar inferior mediante el método de Demirjian, en radiografías panorámicas, Azogues 2018-2023.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-21) Torres Ocampo, Brayan Alexander; Domínguez Quinteros , Darío Andrés; 1150213039The estimation of chronological age through analysis of the third molar constitutes a reliable and relevant method in forensic dentistry and legal medicine. The Demirjian method is widely used to assess dental maturation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between chronological age and dental calcification of the left and right third molars using the Demirjian method on panoramic radiographs. METHODS: Field research with a quantitative approach and a retrospective descriptive design was conducted. A total of 868 digital panoramic radiographs were analyzed to assess the maturation of teeth 3.8 and 4.8; the sample included 408 males and 460 females, aged 7 to 24 years. Sampling was purposive, selecting radiographs that included both lower molars. Analysis was performed in JASP v0.95.0.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics: χ² for association by sex, Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test depending on normality, and Spearman’s rank correlations, with p<0.05. RESULTS: Demirjian stages showed age progression: 3.8 from 9.1 ± 1.0 (A) to 21.8 ± 1.6 (H) and 4.8 from 9.5 ± 2.2 to 21.8 ± 1.6, with concentration in stage G (mean 20 years). The correlation between 3.8 and 4.8 was very high (rs = 0.953). Significant sex differences were identified in stages C, G, and H (both teeth) and stage A (3.8), with a female predominance. Between stages A–C, subjects averaged 12 years; D–E averaged 18 years; and F–H were adults older than 18. The probability of being < 18 years in stages A–C ranged from 100% to 99.18%. Conversely, in advanced stages G and H, the probability of being ≥ 18 years was 94.56% (3.8) and 94.54% (4.8). CONCLUSIONS: Mineralization of the lower third molars evaluated using the Demirjian method allows reliable estimation of the majority age. Advanced stages increase the probability of being ≥ 18 years. The bilateral correlation confirms the consistency of dental development and supports its forensic application. Keywords: chronological age, third molar, Demirjian.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-20) Matute Ponce, Jeremy Sebastián; Siguenza Lliguizaca, Wilson Andrés; San Martín Andrade, Daniela Fernanda; 0302473400; 0107318867Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Conocimientos sobre Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 en Estudiantes de La Carrera de Enfermería Campus Azogues, periodo Marzo – agosto 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-13) Lojano Ortega, Oscar David; Romero Sacoto , Lilian Azucena; 0302491204Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and multifactorial disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Inadequate knowledge about the disease, together with poor self-care practices, can lead to serious but preventable complications. Therefore, it is crucial that nursing students receive solid training, both in clinical knowledge and in self-care strategies. Objective: To analyze the level of knowledge about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Nursing students at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues Campus, during the period March – August 2025. Methodology: This was descriptive non-experimental research using the DKQ-24 questionnaire, administered to nursing students of the Azogues Campus between March and August 2025. The study sample consisted of 100 students from the 5th, 6th, and 7th academic semesters. Statistical analysis was performed using frequencies, percentages, and association tests (Chi-square). Results: In the three academic cycles evaluated, an intermediate level of knowledge about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was predominant. The greatest strengths were observed in the basic aspects of the disease, while significant conceptual errors persisted in pathophysiology, non-pharmacological management, and prevention of complications. No statistically significant relationship was found between the academic cycle and the level of knowledge (p = 0.239). Conclusion: Although students demonstrated acceptable general knowledge about T2DM, significant conceptual gaps were identified that should be addressed within the curriculum through integrative pedagogical strategies and practical activities. Keywords: knowledge, health attitudes and practices, type 2 diabetes mellitus, students, nursing educationItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Prevalencia de caries dental en adolescentes deportistas federados en el cantón Azogues provincia del Cañar-2025.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-07) Tene Cango, Sumag Sisa; Tintin Rea, José Fernando; 1105207482Introduction: In the sports context, athletes present a high prevalence of oral diseases (caries, erosion, and dental trauma). However, in Ecuador, specific data on these types of conditions in adolescents who practice sports are not yet available. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental caries in adolescent athletes registered with sports federations in the canton of Azogues, Cañar province, Ecuador. Methodology: The research followed a quantitative approach with an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. It was conducted with 171 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years, clinically evaluated according to WHO (World Health Organization) criteria. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: Sixty-three percent of participants presented dental caries, of which 55% demonstrated a high risk according to the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index. The findings also showed no significant association with age or sex; however, there was a significant association with the type of sport practiced. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of dental caries among federated adolescent athletes in the canton of Azogues, province of Cañar, represents a significant oral health burden, highlighting a higher risk among athletes. Keywords: dental caries, adolescent athletes, DMFT, prevalence, oral health.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Abordaje clínico de ránula en un paciente pediátrico de la clínica de odontopediatría de la universidad católica de Cuenca: reporte de caso.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-07) Guaraca Urgiles, Karolina Elizabeth; Abad Freire, Viviana Daniela; 0301991337Background: Ranula is a mucous cyst of the floor of the mouth, usually originating in the sublingual gland due to mucus extravasation. It has a low prevalence and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the pediatric population. Traditionally, gland excision is considered the definitive treatment; however, conservative techniques such as marsupialization have shown efficacy in simple cases. Objective: To present the clinical and surgical management of a pediatric patient with a left sublingual ranula, evaluating the effectiveness of marsupialization as a conservative technique. Methods: Anamnesis, clinical examination, and both complementary studies and corresponding analyses were performed; the procedure consisted of antisepsis, incision and drainage of the mucous content, and creation of a neo-ostium maintained with a probe for 5 days, followed by clinical follow-up at 7, 14, and 21 days. Results: The patient showed adequate healing, with no signs of infection or recurrence during the follow-up period. A histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a ranula of the floor of the mouth. Conclusions: Marsupialization proved to be an effective and, above all, minimally invasive procedure for the pediatric patient, demonstrating that the choice of conservative techniques, together with accurate diagnosis and adequate follow-up, can provide satisfactory and safe outcomes. Keywords: Ranula, Sublingual gland, Mucous retention cysts, Marsupialization, Oral surgery.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Interrupción en la erupción de un primer molar permanente a causa de un quiste dentígero. Reporte de un caso inusual(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-03) Sinchi Sangurima, Dayanna Lizbeth; Aguilar Maldonado, José DavidItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Interrupción en la erupción de un primer molar permanente a causa de un quiste dentígero. Reporte de un caso inusual.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-03) Sinchi Sangurima, Dayanna Lizbeth; Aguilar Maldonado, José David; TenecelaItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-10-03) Guallpa Ochoa , Kevin Michael; San Martin Andrade, Daniela Fernanda; 0302405949Background: In dentistry, removable acrylic prostheses are a fundamental therapeutic option. However, their porous surface facilitates colonization by Candida albicans, the primary agent associated with denture-related stomatitis. Sodium hypochlorite is one of the most commonly used disinfectants due to its antimicrobial capacity, at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. Nevertheless, its constant use has the potential to harm the mechanical and aesthetic properties of acrylic resin. In this context, plant extracts, such as Mentha piperita extract, have demonstrated antifungal properties owing to components like flavonoids and menthol, positioning them as viable and biocompatible alternatives compared to traditional chemical disinfectants. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of 100% peppermint extract versus 5% sodium hypochlorite against Candida albicans on acrylic dental prostheses in an in vitro study. Methodology: This experimental in vitro analysis was conducted using 30 pieces of heat-cured acrylic resin, each measuring 15 mm in length of Health and Wellness at the Azogues campus of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Results: One hundred percent (100%) mint extract and 5% sodium hypochlorite completely inhibit and eradicate Candida albicans after 15 minutes of exposure. Keywords: sodium hypochlorite, Candida albicans, antifungal, peppermint, in vitroItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Factores de riesgo de osteítis alveolar post-exodoncia de terceros molares(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-07-08) Ponce Falcones, Alan Medardo; Rosas Tito , Luis Ángel; Aguilar Maldonado, José David; 0401597489; Tenecela, MelissaItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Factores asociados al fracaso en un tratamiento endodóntico. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-07-09) Jonnathan Javier , Oliveros Calle; Coloma Calle, Coloma Calle; 0301805834OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the most relevant factors that negatively influence the success of endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted to describe the influence of internal root canal anatomy on failed primary endodontic treatments, using PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a total of 12 articles relevant to the topic of study. RESULTS: Among the 12 studies reviewed, 66.6% reported that the failure to locate root canals is a cause of endodontic treatment failure. An overall 30.36% of root canals were found to be untreated, including 58.69% of second mesiobuccal “MB2” canals, according to the analysis of seven authors. Additionally, 33.3% of the studies highlighted that C-shaped canals predispose to endodontic failure, demonstrating that their complex anatomy can make instrumentation and obturation difficult, contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: The omission of root canals such as MB2 and those with C-shaped morphology is an important cause of endodontic failure, often linked to persistent infections and periapical lesions. Detection and successful treatment depend on the use of advanced technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography and optical magnification, as well as the clinical experience of the operator. A meticulous technique based on anatomical knowledge and appropriate diagnosis resources is key to improving outcomes in endodontics. Keywords: Endodontic retreatment, endodontic failure, root canalsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Comparación de los beneficios del Biodentine y MTA en el tratamiento endodóntico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-07-08) Guamán Viscaino, Evelyn Margoth; Romero Chimborazo, Rosa Maritza; Sánchez Ordoñez, María José; 0302633276Introduction: Endodontics has advanced with the use of bioceramic materials such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, both recognized for their biocompatibility, sealing capacity, and healing properties. These materials are used in treatments such as root canal filling and pulpotomy, but they present clinical differences that warrant comparison. Objective: To compare the benefits of Biodentine and MTA in endodontic treatments, focusing on clinical efficacy, healing effectiveness, apical sealing, and biocompatibility. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and using the PICO strategy. Fifteen studies (clinical and in vitro trials) published between 2018 and 2025 were analyzed, extracted from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Both materials demonstrated high effectiveness, with over 90% clinical and radiographic success. Biodentine showed advantages over MTA in terms of biocompatibility, better marginal adaptation, less tooth discoloration, and greater capacity to induce the formation of the reparative dentin bridge. It was also easier to handle and set faster. Conclusion: While MTA remains an effective material, Biodentine proved to be a more efficient, esthetic, and favorable option in endodontic treatments, particularly in primary dentition and anterior teeth. Keywords: MTA, Biodentine, root canal filling, endodontic treatment, bioceramics.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-07-08) Cuesta Guzmán, Jomayra Thalía; Mora Murillo, Romina Salomé; Montesinos Rivera , Mayra Vanessa; 0104581392; 0107211039Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Complicaciones por extravasación de hipoclorito de sodio en endodoncia. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-06-19) Solano Quizhpilema, Nube Isabel; Sánchez Ordoñez, María José; 0302930334; MelissaThis study aims to identify the complications resulting from the extrusion of sodium hypochlorite during endodontic procedures through a comprehensive literature review. A systematic search and data collection were conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on clinical studies, systematic reviews, and relevant case reports published between 2018 and 2024. The findings indicate that sodium hypochlorite extrusion may lead to a range of severe complications, including soft tissue inflammation, hemorrhage, osteonecrosis, and even irreversible neurological damage. These adverse outcomes are often associated with factors such as excessive irrigation pressure, inappropriate needle selection, and complex root canal anatomy, which collectively increase the risk of such incidents. Among the most effective preventive strategies are the use of side-vented, blunt-end irrigation needles, control of irrigation pressure, and thorough preoperative anatomical assessment. For clinical management, the main therapeutic measures include the use of saline solution for irrigation, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy, and, in more severe cases, surgical treatment. Both the technique employed during treatment and the use of sodium hypochlorite as an irrigant can compromise patient health if not handled with proper caution. Thus, developing and standardizing prevention and management protocols represent the first steps toward achieving a more favorable prognosis. Keywords: sodium hypochlorite, endodontics, extrusion, complications, clinical managementItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Proyecto de titulación embargado para publicación. Estara disponible a la fecha de publicacion o de cierre de embargo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-06-19) Malca Malca, Janneth Noemy; Abad Freire., Viviana Daniela; 0604875674; MelissaItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efectos Clínicos de la expansión maxilar rápida y lenta en el paciente pediátrico.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-06-19) Guerrero Morocho, Erick Eduardo; Ordoñez Crespo, Paola Alexandra; 1726016338; Cardenas, MelissaOBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effects of slow and rapid maxillary expansion in the pediatric patient and its impact throughout the therapeutic time. The differences between both techniques were contrasted, and the complications associated with each were identified to present a visual tool to facilitate clinical decision-making. METHODS: Descriptive and observational studies based on the review of 61 academic publications selected from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases, clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and experimental trials published between 2019 and 2025 were included. Specific inclusion criteria were used to ensure the relevance of the studies. RESULTS: Rapid Maxillary Expansion (EMR) effectively corrects transverse malocclusions quickly, but it presents complications such as dental inclination and the appearance of diastemas. Slow Maxillary Expansion (EML)showed fewer side effects and greater long-term stability, although it requires a longer treatment time. Both techniques presented common complications, such as pain and recurrence, which are adaptable with adequate follow-up. CONCLUSION: Slow Maxillary Expansion (EML) and Rapid Maxillary Expansion (EMR) are techniques used in pediatric patients and both generate positive clinical effects, which improve masticatory function, nasal breathing, better facial esthetics, and correct transverse maxillary development. EMR offers rapid short-term results, but with risks of complications, while Slow Maxillary Expansion (EML) offers more progressive and stable long-term results. Keywords: maxillary expansion, rapid maxillary expansion, slow maxillary expansion, malocclusion, periodontal complicationsItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Nivel de ansiedad de acuerdo a la escala de corah modificada en los pacientes que asisten a la consulta odontológica en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca sede Azogues periodo 2024-2024.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-20) Bonilla Reinoso, Evelin Marisol; Vallejo Aguirre, Rodrigo Fernando; 016933358OBJECTIVE: To determine the anxiety level in adult patients attending dental consultations at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, from March to August 2024, using the Modified Corah Scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a quantitative research study with a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional design. The study was prospective and conducted from March to August 2024. The sample consisted of 200 patients who visited the dental specialty clinics at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Modified Corah Scale. RESULTS: The results showed that 33% of the patients had moderate anxiety (66 patients), 31.5% had high anxiety or phobia (63 patients), 20.5% had severe anxiety or phobia (41 patients), and only 15% reported mild or no anxiety (30 patients). Women showed slightly higher anxiety levels than men, especially when anesthesia and high-speed dental handpieces were used. CONCLUSION: Moderate anxiety was the most frequent among the dental patients evaluated, revealing that over 50% experience significant discomfort when attending consultations. These results highlight the need to implement emotional management strategies in the clinical setting to optimize patient experience and treatment outcomes. KEYWORDS: dental anxiety, dental care, modified Corah scaleItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Tratamiento de maloclusiones esqueletales clase II en pacientes en crecimiento. Una revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025-05-20) Parra Andrade , Andrea Lisbeth; Ordoñez Crespo, Paola Alexandra; 0650528078
