Trabajos de Titulación - Derecho
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Falencias en el manejo de la cadena de custodia y las consecuencias en el proceso penal(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Apunte Álvarez, Carla Dennys; Toledo Tapia , Henry DavidThis study was conducted to analyze the current implementation of the chain of custody in the Ecuadorian criminal justice system, with the aim of determining the potential legal consequences that may arise from evidence obtained through deficient and inadequate handling. Specifically, the study addresses the question: What legal consequences could arise for evidentiary items collected through an ineffective and inadequate chain-of-custody procedure in the Ecuadorian criminal justice system? Methodologically, the research was conducted using a qualitative approach, based on a review of the literature, legal doctrine, and regulations pertaining to the chain of custody, with an emphasis on the critical analysis of the facts and the consequences resulting from the identified deficiencies. It was concluded that the chain of custody is of utmost importance, and it was evident that the main shortcomings occur during the phases of collection, documentation, packaging, and storage of evidence. These irregularities directly affect fundamental rights recognized by the legal system, particularly due process and effective judicial protection; therefore, it is recommended—among other actions—that integrated digital evidence-custody systems be implemented to enable the real-time recording, monitoring, and verification of each activity carried out with respect to the evidentiary items.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Límites jurídicos de la responsabilidad penal en estados de inconsciencia voluntariamente provocados en el sistema penal ecuatoriano(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Piña Chacón , Nicole Estefanía; Reyes Zumba, Carlos EduardoThe overall objective of this research is to analyze the legal limits of criminal liability in cases of voluntarily induced unconsciousness within the Ecuadorian criminal law system, based on the question of whether it is legally legitimate to shift the assessment of culpability to the earlier point in time when the individual retained full capacity. The study is based on the premise that Article 24 of the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code excludes criminally relevant conduct in cases of complete unconsciousness, but the legislature expressly regulated only intoxication doe to alcohol or other substances in Article 37, leaving unresolved other mechanisms through which a person may voluntarily place themselves in a state of unconsciousness, such as sleep deprivation, dissociative states, or the combined use of substances. To address this question, a legal-dogmatic study was conducted with a qualitative approach, a descriptive-analytical scope, and a non-experimental design, through an analysis of the Constitution, the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, and specialized legal doctrine on criminal imputability, culpability, and the doctrine of actio libera in causa. The analysis yielded three interpretive criteria that allow the assessment of criminal liability to be shifted to the prior act when genuine voluntariness, objective foreseeability of the outcome, and a sufficient subjective connection between that act and the subsequent offense are present, without the need for immediate legislative reform. It is concluded that these criteria provide grounds supporting the proposed hypothesis, which is interpretive and dogmatic in nature rather than empirical. The case law search conducted did not identify any Ecuadorian judicial decisions applying these criteria.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , El principio de ciudadanía universal en la constitución ecuatoriana: ¿norma programática o garantía jurídica efectiva en régimen migratorio?(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Pérez Once, Jesús ArmandoThe legal issue addressed in this study concerns the determination of the nature, effectiveness, and scope of universal citizenship as recognized in the Ecuadorian Constitution, particularly in light of the State's authority to regulate human mobility, which constitutes the normative tension underlying this research. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the establishment of universal citizenship as a binding constitutional principle and to establish its effects on the rights of foreign nationals residing in Ecuador. To this end, the study employed a qualitative approach using a legal-dogmatic method, which involved the compilation of legal provisions, academic literature, and case law handed down by the Constitutional Court of Ecuador. The results indicate that universal citizenship produces immediate effects through the right to migrate, equality, non-discrimination, and the legal safeguards afforded to foreign nationals, while transcending foreign-national status retains a gradual process whose further development depends on the legislation framework established in Ecuador to give effect to the provision under study.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La descentralización territorial como principio constitucional establecido en el artículo 1 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Guncay Galarza, Edisson Paul; Tacuri Narváez, Itatí JamilethDecentralization constitutes a fundamental principle of Ecuadorian territorial organization, established in the Constitution of the Republic through the political, administrative, and financial autonomy of the Decentralized Autonomous Governments (GADs, by its Spanish acronym) and the establishment of a national system of competencies. This research aimed to determine how the State ensures its implementation and to identify the main limitations affecting its effective application. The study conducted a legal analysis of the constitutional and legal framework, considering the distribution of powers among levels of government, the exclusive competencies of the central State, and the powers of the GADs to manage public services. As a proposal, strategies were developed to strengthen the institutional and financial capacities of territorial governments, as well as criteria to determine the most relevant management modality according to the characteristics of each service and territory. Among the alternatives analyzed were direct administration, public enterprises, inter-municipal associations, concessions, and mixed-economy enterprises. The viability of an eventual formation of autonomous regions was also examined. It is concluded that Ecuador has a consolidated legal framework, although financial, institutional, and intergovernmental coordination limitations persist. It is necessary to align the competencies assigned with adequate resources, capacities, and mechanisms to ensure their efficient exercise.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La privación de patria potestad por adicciones: valoración de la idoneidad parental e interés superior del niño(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Enríquez Enríquez, Esteban Alexander; Peñafiel Álvarez, Jayson CornelioThis study examines the deprivation of parental authority on the grounds of addiction as a legal issue within the fields of Family Law and the Rights of Children and Adolescents in Ecuador. A doctrinal legal analysis was conducted to examine how assessments of parental fitness and expert evidence influence the balancing of the child's best interests in proceedings for the deprivation of parental authority on the grounds of addiction in Ecuador, with a view to establishing legal guidelines that safeguard the rights of minors. The findings indicate that parental fitness must be assessed on the basis of parents' ability to adequately fulfill their duties and responsibilities for the care and protection of their children. Each case must be decided on an individual basis, as deprivation of parental authority may be ordered when addiction-related conduct demonstrates a serious and substantiated violation of minor's rights. The study concludes that parental fitness in the context of addiction must be assessed comprehensively, on an individual basis, and through an interdisciplinary approach, in order to determine the parent's social and clinical-psychological circumstances and the impact of addiction-related effects on the exercise of parental responsibilities, thereby avoiding an overly narrow legal assessment.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Inobservancia del procedimiento expedito en contravenciones de tránsito por exceso de velocidad y seguridad jurídica en Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Matute Collaguazo, Cinthia MaribelThis study addresses the legal issue of whether failure to comply with the expedited procedure provided for in Ecuadorian criminal law when adjudicating traffic violations for speeding in the canton of Cuenca has been a practice that has led judges to violate the right to legal certainty in criminal procedural proceedings. To analyze this legal conflict, the general objective of this study was to examine the failure to comply with the expedited procedure in traffic violations involving speeding in the canton of Cuenca. To this end, three specific objectives were established to fulfill this general objective, each of which corresponds to a chapter of this study. Thus, in order to meet the stated objectives, the methodology employed for this research adopted a qualitative approach with a descriptive and analytical-conceptual scope, based on an examination of legal doctrine, regulations, constitutional jurisprudence, and judicial cases. As a result, this study demonstrated that replacing hearings with written orders, the lack of procedural adversarial proceedings, and the erroneous classification of citations undermine due process, the right to a defense, effective judicial protection, and the legal predictability required by legal certainty. This demonstrates that, in the canton of Cuenca, there is a disregard for the binding provisions governing how the expedited procedure must be conducted when resolving challenges to this type of traffic violation.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , El delito del terrorismo y la protesta social en Ecuador. Un análisis desde el bloque de constitucionalidad(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Damian Castro , Davis Joel; Sigüenza Darquea, Cayetana MaríaThe study examined whether the criminal offense of terrorism has been interpreted and applied in accordance with constitutional principles as they relate to social protest; to this end, the theoretical foundations of the study were established using a theoretical approach and a literature review. Subsequently, rulings on terrorism and social protest were analyzed based on information provided by the Judicial Council of Ecuador, which revealed that criminal judges interpreted and applied the criminal offense of terrorism to adjudicate and punish common crimes, thereby failing to observe provisions of the inter-American human rights system regarding social protest. Based on the triangulation of data, it is concluded that, in the area of criminal doctrine, there is a deficiency in establishing the subjective element of terrorism; regarding the constitutional aspect related to the requirement for reasoning, the rulings exhibit deficiencies in reasoning concerning irrelevance and inconsistency toward the parties due to omission. Finally, on the treaty compliance axis, inter-American standards regarding social protest are not met.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Acción de responsabilidad civil post divorcio por la causal de abandono injustificado: análisis comparado entre las legislaciones de España y Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Bonete Montesdeoca, Germania MonserrathThe research carried out addresses the legal problem derived from the non-existence of specific mechanisms in the Ecuadorian legal system to provide compensation for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages caused by the unjustified abandonment of one of the spouses, once a divorce has been declared based on the aforementioned ground for termination. Thus, the general objective of this study was to analyze the viability of an autonomous civil action for damages following divorce on the grounds of unjustified abandonment, through a comparative study between Ecuador and Spain. In order to achieve this objective, the methodology employed was qualitative in nature, non-experimental, with a descriptive, analytical, doctrinal, and comparative scope, using legal-dogmatic, analytical, comparative, and synthetic-propositional methods throughout the research. The results show that unjustified abandonment constitutes a serious breach of marital duties capable of generating autonomous damages, which would make it possible for the affected spouse to seek such compensation under the law of damages. Likewise, it was evidenced that, although Ecuador lacks express regulation that determines liability for this type of conduct, the general principles of civil liability nevertheless support interpretations favorable to an autonomous action for damages that may be brought by the injured spouse, taking as reference the doctrinal and jurisprudential criteria developed in Spain.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , El uso del dispositivo de vigilancia electrónica como medida cautelar suficiente frente a la prisión preventiva en el Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Gavilanes Beltrán, Sebastián AlejandroThe electronic monitoring device is proposed as an alternative to pretrial detention, with the goal of reducing prison overcrowding and upholding the principle of the presumption of innocence. Unlike pretrial detention, which involves total deprivation of liberty without a final judgment, this mechanism allows for the supervision of the defendant through technology, limiting their movements without completely removing them from their social environment. This measure is less detrimental to fundamental rights, as it allows the defendant to maintain family ties and even continue certain work activities, under state supervision. It also helps reduce the costs of the penitentiary system and avoids negative consequences associated with incarceration, such as stigmatization or exposure to criminal environments. However, its implementation requires an adequate assessment of the case, well-defined criteria, and sufficient technological resources. It is not applicable in all situations, particularly in cases of serious crimes or when there is a risk of flight or interference with the investigation. In short, electronic monitoring is an alternative that seeks to balance surveillance with respect for individual rights.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Implementación de un sistema de inventario y catálogo web responsivo para pequeñas empresas comerciales(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Tarqui Tapia, Kevin AndrésIn small retail businesses, tracking products, inventory, and sales often relies on manual or scattered records, while the information provided to customers is disseminated through messages, social media, and in-person inquiries. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a responsive web system that integrates administrative inventory management with a public product catalog. A technological and evaluative approach was applied, with incremental development based on an adaptation of the Scrum framework and a client–server architecture. The solution was developed using React, TypeScript, NestJS, and PostgreSQL, and deployed using containerized services in separate environments. The results include the definition and fulfillment of functional and non-functional requirements, the design of a relational model, and the implementation of modules for users, business structure, catalog, inventory, sales, and traceability, as well as a public interface with search, filters, availability, and customization features. The system’s operation was validated through automated testing, operational validations, and usability evaluations in both administrative and public contexts. It is concluded that Stockify centralizes operational information, maintains inventory traceability, and provides customers with an organized and responsive catalog for browsing available products.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Discrecionalidad judicial y seguridad jurídica en el ocultamiento de datos personales dentro del sistema E-SATJE(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Astudillo Picón, Carlos JoséThe present research is framed within the existing legal tension between the principle of judicial publicity and the right to personal data protection within the E-SATJE system, stemming from the discretion introduced by Resolution 043-2024 of the Judiciary Council, which ultimately undermines legal certainty as a constitutional right recognized by Article 82 of the Constitution. The legal issue translates into the absence of clear and objective criteria for the concealment of personal data, which can undermine the right to legal certainty recognized in Article 82 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador; in this context, the general objective set for the research was to analyze the impact of judicial discretion on the right to legal certainty in the procedure for concealing personal data within the E-SATJE system through Resolution 043-2024 issued by the Judiciary Council. In order to achieve this objective, the methodology applied followed a qualitative approach, which was duly supported by doctrinal, regulatory, jurisprudential, and practical case reviews. For these reasons, the results of this work were able to demonstrate that Resolution 043-2024 has generated, within social reality, contradictory judicial responses to similar situations, because it leaves the concealment of data subject to the subjective assessment of the judge, a fact that ultimately produces legal uncertainty and affects regulatory predictability.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Violencia obstétrica en el sistema de salud ecuatoriano: una mirada constitucional a la responsabilidad médica y la garantía de derechos fundamentales.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Carchi Verdugo, Juan Fernando; Pizarro Duran, Joel AlexanderObstetric violence is an issue that affects women’s fundamental rights during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, manifesting itself through dehumanizing medical practices, unnecessary interventions, lack of informed consent, discriminatory treatment, and the violation of patients’ autonomy. In the Ecuadorian context, this reality poses a challenge to the healthcare system and to the effective protection of the rights recognized in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. This study analyzed obstetric violence from a constitutional perspective, with an emphasis on medical liability and the State’s obligations to ensure respect for fundamental rights. To this end, the study examined the national and international legal framework, as well as constitutional principles related to human dignity, the right to health, personal integrity, equality, and non-discrimination. Additionally, it examined the criteria used to determine the liability of healthcare professionals when their actions or omissions cause harm to patients in the obstetric setting, considering standards of medical care and mechanisms for judicial protection. The analysis highlights the need to strengthen public policies, care protocols, and institutional oversight mechanisms to prevent practices that constitute obstetric violence, since the effective protection of women’s rights requires healthcare based on respect for human dignity, informed consent, and the quality of medical care, ensuring accountability for violations of constitutional rights.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , El alcance de los derechos de la naturaleza frente al extractivismo minero en el Ecuador: análisis crítico del caso Quimsacocha-Lomalarga(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Zhañay Cornejo, Isabella PatriciaThis article examines the legal and constitutional challenges posed by the Loma Larga mining project in Quimsacocha. This fragile ecosystem plays a vital role in regulating the water supply for the city of Cuenca and surrounding ecosystems. This research, grounded in the Ecuadorian Constitution, argues that the mining project violates the Rights of Nature by prioritizing extractivism over the right to water. The mining project violates the principles of prevention and precaution, as there is technical uncertainty about heavy metal contamination in the aquifer and there is also a lack of citizen participation due to violations of constitutional standards. This research concludes that the Quimsacocha case is a test of Ecuador's ecological constitutionalism beyond its economic framework. The case tests the capacity of Ecuador's ecological constitutionalism to withstand the excesses and limitations of extractivism.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Responsabilidad penal por uso excesivo de la fuerza en Ecuador: estudios de casos y propuesta de garantías de no repetición, periodo 2024-2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Guamán Guamán, Wendy DanielaDuring the research, the national and international legal framework governing the use of force by state agents was examined, with an emphasis on the principles of legality, necessity, and proportionality. Common patterns, structural causes, and legal consequences were identified through the analysis of documented cases of the excessive use of force in Ecuador. Legal and institutional guidelines aimed at preventing the excessive use of force by police and military personnel were proposed from a human rights perspective. In addition, an analysis of signifi-cant cases was conducted, reviewing the relevant constitutional, legal, and international con-text to suggest measures to prevent their recurrence. The methodology adopted was based on a qualitative approach, using a non-experimental design and legal, descriptive, and analytical methods, including the review of legislation, legal doctrine, judicial decisions, and reports issued by national and international institutions, as well as the analysis of relevant cases in-volving the abuse of force by state agents. As a result of this analysis of these cases, gaps in the legal framework and ambiguities in distinguishing between the legitimate and excessive use of force were identified. Furthermore, challenges stemming from the tendency of certain sector of society to justify such degrading and humiliating treatment. Structural problems were also identified, including delays in judicial proceedings, deficiencies in evidence collec-tion, and a lack of coordination among institutions.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La mediación comunitaria como herramienta preventiva en la resolución de conflictos periurbanos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Macas Sanmartín, Talía Mishel; Lojano Tepan, Marilyn AracellyThis research focuses on the analysis of community mediation as a preventive strategy for addressing peri-urban conflicts resulting from disordered urban growth and the interaction between rural and urban dynamics, taking as a starting point the Ecuadorian legal framework that establishes conflict resolution methods, with constitutional and legal protection. The study demonstrates that community mediation, proximity justice, and police mediation allow early intervention in conflicts, preventing their escalation and contributing to peaceful coexistence. In addition, an integrated model of preventive mediation is proposed that integrates institutional and community stakeholders, with the objective of improving access to justice and strengthening the peaceful management of conflicts. The traditional justice system has limitations; its reactive nature and the large number of cases it handles make it difficult to resolve tensions promptly in peri-urban areas. This generates feelings of isolation, high costs, and an excess of formalities. Hence, the incorporation of more agile, close, and preventive mechanisms that facilitate the management of the conflict from its earliest stages.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Aguilar Barbecho, Dyan PaulaItem type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , El tratamiento jurídico de los adolescentes reclutados por organizaciones delictivas y su reconocimiento como víctimas en el sistema penal ecuatoriano(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Gutama Gutama, Judith AlexandraThis study analyzes the legal treatment of adolescents recruited by criminal organizations in Ecuador, based on the Doctrine of Comprehensive Protection and the Principle of the Best Interests of the Child. The study is based on the premise that recruitment is not a free and voluntary choice, but rather a process of recruitment, subjugation, and instrumentalization shaped by structural vulnerability factors such as poverty, school dropout, social exclusion, family disintegration, and the absence of effective state protection networks. Using a descriptive approach, through a review of legal doctrine, legislation, and case law, the study examines the tension between the treatment of adolescents as offenders within the juvenile justice system and their prior condition as victims of coercion, violence, and manipulation by criminal organizations. The findings reveal a gap between the legal framework established in the Constitution of the Republic, the Code of Childhood and Adolescence, and international human rights instruments, and certain judicial practices that prioritize punitive responses over protection and reintegration measures. Consequently, it is concluded that recruited adolescents cannot be understood exclusively as perpetrators or accomplices to a crime, but also as subjects entitled to enhanced protection, whose situation requires a state response aligned with specialized justice, minimal penal intervention, and the effective restoration of their rights.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Los efectos del cese de la producción petrolera en el Bloque 43 ITT del Ecuador desde el punto de vista del derecho tributario(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Arévalo Alvear, Esteban EnriqueThis study analyzes the legal and tax implications arising from the definitive cessation of oil production in Block 43-ITT, in accordance with the results of the 2023 referendum. The main problem is based on the abrupt budget deficit caused by the loss of government surpluses generated by the operating public company and the elimination of taxable events related to taxes such as Value-Added Tax (VAT), Foreign Currency Outflow Tax (ISD, by its Spanish acronym), and the Income Tax paid by contractors. The government faces the challenge of implementing a democratic environmental mandate while ensuring macroeconomic sustainability without infringing fundamental rights. The main objective is to assess these consequences from a Tax Law perspective and explore the legal feasibility of compensatory mechanisms, such as environmental taxation or structural reforms. The methodology is based on normative analysis and a review of official macroeconomic projections, which estimate a loss of revenue of 13.800 million dollars and a total economic impact that, under a broader interpretation, reaches 16.470 million dollars. The results demonstrate that shifting this burden to taxpayers would undermine equity, leading to the conclusion that protecting nature must be reconciled with the principle of ability to pay.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La ejecución de acuerdos de mediación internacional en el Ecuador: procedimiento, controles procesales y eficacia jurídica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Peñaloza Ullaguari, Silvia FabiolaLa investigación analiza la ejecución de acuerdos de mediación internacional en el Ecuador desde una perspectiva normativa, procesal y constitucional; para ello, parte de la tensión existente entre el régimen general de homologación de instrumentos extranjeros previsto en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos y el régimen especial incorporado por la Convención de Singapur sobre Mediación. En este sentido, se sostiene que no existen dos procedimientos ejecutivos autónomos, sino una sola fase de ejecución precedida por dos vías distintas de ingreso del acuerdo extranjero al ordenamiento ecuatoriano. Así, cuando el acuerdo sea comercial, internacional, derive de mediación y se encuentre comprendido en el ámbito material de la Convención, no corresponde exigir una homologación clásica, sino aplicar un control judicial limitado a la verificación de los requisitos documentales del tratado, el derecho de defensa, el orden público y las causales taxativas de negativa. Por el contrario, cuando el acuerdo no esté cubierto por dicho instrumento internacional, opera de manera residual el régimen de homologación previsto en el COGEP. En consecuencia, la validez constitucional del control judicial depende de su intensidad; por tanto, resulta necesaria una armonización legislativa expresa entre la Convención de Singapur, el COGEP y la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación, con el fin de garantizar tutela judicial efectiva, seguridad jurídica y coherencia normativa.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La incidencia de la normativa ecuatoriana sobre pensiones alimenticias en el exterior y los derechos del niño ante la migración parental(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Peña Amoroso, Genaro Ismael; Orellana Sarmiento, Karen ElizabethThe present research analyzed the incidence of the Ecuadorian legal system and the applicable international instruments in the collection of child support payments when the obligated parent resides abroad. This issue is relevant in contexts of parental migration, since residing abroad hinders compliance with the support obligation and compromises the comprehensive protection of the rights of children and adolescents. The study was developed with a qualitative approach, with a descriptive, analytical, and explanatory scope, through a documentary review of the constitutional, civil, procedural, and specialized framework for children and adolescents, as well as the main treaties and mechanisms of international cooperation linked to support obligations with a foreign element. The instruments and legal avenues available for the enforceability and execution of the obligation were examined, including international service of process and notification, the use of letters rogatory and official communications, the action of central authorities, and the procedures for recognition and enforcement of judicial decisions abroad. It is concluded that the absence of agile and operational procedures for transnational cases results in a “judgment without enforcement,” weakening effective judicial protection and, likewise, affecting the application of the best interests of the child, with a direct impact on their standard of living and integral development. It is necessary to strengthen interinstitutional coordination and international cooperation mechanisms in order to guarantee the timely collection of child support payments in situations of human mobility.
