Trabajos de Titulación - Extensión La Troncal - Enfermería

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    Análisis de la aplicación de los protocolos de enfermería y su incidencia en el riesgo de bioseguridad hospitalaria de la red de salud pública
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024-05-28) Garzón Insuasti, Yilda Isabel; Naula Chucay, Luis Enrique; 0302253885
    Nursing protocols are a set of actions that are based on the most recent scientific evidence, serve as a strategy to unify criteria, and agree together on the approach to different nursing techniques or problems that affect the patient, family, and community. Hence, there is a need for a more significant theoretical approach of this nursing scientific outcome. Under this argument, this research aims to analyze the application level of nursing protocols and their impact on hospital biosecurity risk within the public health network. A descriptive methodological framework based on documentary review techniques and bibliographic sources from academic databases is used to achieve the objectives. Among the findings, the nursing staff, through the Ministry of Public Health (MSP by its Spanish acronym), have established protocols ranging from handwashing to protocol application in surgical patients. Regarding biosecurity-focused protocols, it is found that most healthcare professionals in a specific Health District usually apply these measures, while a small part does not due to the lack of availability of supplies and personal protective equipment. In conclusion, the level of applicability of the protocols is proportional to the knowledge about them, supply availability, and staff willingness. The main protocols are those proposed by the MSP at the national level, some of which are advised by international organizations.
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    Análisis de la frecuencia de pacientes politraumatizados por accidentes de tránsito en la población adulta
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Barrezueta Rodríguez, Bolívar Fernando; Zambrano, Rosa María; 0302660238
    This research is focused on health and well-being —particularly within the nursing field— and its role in providing care for patients with polytrauma resulting from traffic accidents. The main objective was to analyze the frequency of polytraumatized patients in the adult population due to traffic accidents. To accomplish this, a comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method, ensuring transparency in addressing the research objectives. The principal findings indicate that the types of polytrauma and their consequences in the adult population can be easily identified based on their frequency and common diagnoses. This gives the study theoretical and statistical relevance to these events that consistently affect the motorized population. Thus, one of the main conclusions is the significant role played by nursing professionals in the various types of polytrauma, primarily caused by traffic accidents. The value of different nursing care theories during the patient's recovery and rehabilitation stages is undeniable. As a final consideration, the application of nursing care models is recommended to significantly improve these patients’ physical and psychological functions and optimize their ability to perform activities outlined in rehabilitation plans.
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    Análisis de los factores de riesgo en pacientes diabéticos adultos.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-25) Carranza Anzules, María José; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0604663120
    In the field of healthcare, understanding the risk factors in adult diabetic patients is of paramount importance, as this population faces particular challenges due to the complex interaction between their condition and various elements of their lifestyle. Therefore, the overall objective is to analyze the risk factors in adult diabetic patients. To this end, the methodology employed was qualitative and analytical, through the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) method; it was a documentary research to gather, analyze, and synthesize reliable information from various sources, using bibliographic analysis techniques. Among the key findings, there is an emphasis that the factors that should constantly raise awareness for the development of diabetes in adults include overweight, obesity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), sedentary lifestyle, age, and family history. Furthermore, the value of paying significant attention to these modifiable factors, such as daily routines and habits that can positively influence disease control, is underscored. The conclusion emphasizes that risk factors play a crucial role in the onset of diabetes in older adults. The research highlighted that patients’ lack of self-care awareness hinders preventive measures. It underscores the urgency of promoting awareness and modifying daily routines to enhance disease control and improve overall quality of life.
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    Análisis de los factores de riesgos del virus papiloma humano y su incidencia en la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-11-07) Granda Heras, Lissette Katherine; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0925323107
    Human Papillomavirus (HPV) comprises a diverse group of DNA viruses that belong to the "Papillomaviridae" family. It predominantly affects the sexual and reproductive health of women and men, with a disproportionately higher negative impact on females. This research aims to analyze the primary risk factors associated with HPV and its incidence on women's sexual and reproductive health. The study is firmly based on the qualitative approach and employs a literature review and documentary analysis to gather information on the study variables. This analysis enables the exploration of meanings, identification of patterns, and examination of trends related to the issue studied. In terms of methodology, more than 50 documents were analyzed, including scientific articles and undergraduate and postgraduate theses from various institutional repositories. It is important to highlight that about 38 recent scientific papers were considered, greatly enhancing this study and adding scientific credibility to it. The findings revealed that the primary risk factors associated with acquiring this dangerous virus include early initiation of sexual activity, being promiscuous, failing to use protective barriers during sexual contact, and having a history of other sexually transmitted diseases. These factors can adversely affect women's sexual and reproductive health, potentially leading to conditions such as cervical cancer, pregnancy complications, and the risk of transmitting the virus to the newborn.
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    Análisis del estado nutricional en niños menores de 36 meses de edad
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Inga Bueno, Wilmer Santiago; Zambrano, Rosa María; 0928990555
    This research is situated within the field of health and well-being, specifically focusing on nursing and nutritional care. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of children under 36 months of age. It employed a qualitative research design with a methodological approach to gather data using the Prism method. The key findings reveal a prevalence of underweight and growth retardation, indicating a malnutrition prevalence among the studied population. The causes of inadequate nutritional status in children under 36 months of age are associated with socioeconomic variables that result in social marginalization, geographical location, food availability, access, and consumption. Similarly, the nutritional status linked to the safety of the environment in which children grow, as well as the feeding practices that can lead to calorie excess or deficiency. Consequently, it is crucial to prioritize public healthcare and assistance to address the nutritional deviations observed in this population group, as negative consequences can affect their growth, development, and learning abilities. It is recommended to implement social intervention programs aimed at improving the educational and cultural background of mothers, particularly regarding hygienic and healthy feeding practices.
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    Análisis del fracaso en el tratamiento antituberculoso y su incidencia en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Picho Morocho, Eduardo Arturo; Naula Chucay, Luis; 0302257894
    Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top ten causes of death worldwide, supported by alarming statistics. TB is an ancient disease that has long been a significant cause of serious human diseases, with devastating morbidity and mortality rates. It is characterized by granuloma formation in infected tissues and cell-mediated sensitivity. TB is a global health problem not limited to Third World countries. Developed nations have also recently reported an increase in TB cases, to the extent that TB is among the six infectious diseases declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as life-threatening to humans. Mycobacterium causing TB is an intracellular, non-motile, and non-sporulating facultative anaerobe with a thick cell wall containing high-molecular-weight fatty acids. Airborne transmission depends on various factors, including increased production of infectious particles by the transmitter and enhanced infectivity of certain mycobacterial strains.
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    Bioseguridad y calidad en los servicios de salud en el personal de enfermería
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Narvaez Acosta, Ninfa Dayanna; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0957290398
    Biosafety is a set of protocols implemented in hospitals and healthcare centers where infectious agents that can cause severe or potentially lethal diseases are frequently handled. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to analyze the adaptation of biosafety measures and compliance with regulations among nursing personnel. The research was conducted under a qualitative approach, extracting concepts and knowledge based on experience and analyzing results focused on biosafety. A literature search was conducted in the Google Scholar database. There were 20 documents, including scientific articles and theses. The studies were carried out over the last five years in various regions of Ecuador. The findings indicate that biosafety measures primarily encompass hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, and solid waste management. It can be concluded that biosafety measures are most commonly applied in intensive care settings and have been extensively studied in the context of the ongoing pandemic.
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    Calidad de vida en adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-12-04) Buestán Paucar, Ana Isabel; Vicuña Palacios, Andrea; 0302437835
    The nursing profession is primarily dedicated to human care, where the execution of activities and procedures requires extensive knowledge regarding their correct implementation. Biosecurity is fundamental in the daily practice of healthcare. This study aims to determine compliance level with biosecurity measures in nursing practice in Primary Health Care. The qualitative, descriptive, and bibliographic research is based on a documentary review of previous studies by various authors, using relevant databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA Method was applied for analysis and selection, following established inclusion parameters and criteria. Most professionals indicated familiarity with biosecurity recommendations related to Primary Health Care, including using personal protective equipment and nurse-patient safety protocols. The most common biosecurity practices among caregivers are hand washing, using safety barriers usage when handling sharp objects, and waste classification and disposal. However, the availability of knowledge does not guarantee the effective implementation of these biosecurity measures in Primary Health Care, highlighting that some professionals may lack the expected coherent knowledge. Strengthening the acknowledgment of the nursing team and constant monitoring of compliance with biosecurity measures are emphasized.
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    Calidad de vida en pacientes adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial en el Ecuador y países de Sudamérica, enfocado en la promoción y prevención en salud
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024-05-27) Ortíz Silva, Evelyn Prisila; Naula Chucay, Luis Enrique; 0953660933
    In Ecuador and Latin America, there is a significant challenge regarding hypertension in the elderly population. This study aims to identify the quality of life of elderly patients with hypertension in Ecuador and other South American countries, focusing on health promotion and prevention. The methodology used includes a qualitative analysis utilizing databases from scientific journals and repositories such as Revista Electrónica Medimay, Revista de Salud Pública, Revista de Ciencia y Enfermería, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Escuela Académico Profesional de Medicina Humana, Revista de Medicina Interna, Universidad de El Salvador, Revista de Ciencias de Salud, Dominio de las Ciencias, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, and Revista Médica Vozandes, which conducted studies with elderly patients. The results reveal that hypertension negatively impacts the quality of life of the elderly, especially in aspects related to cardiovascular and cognitive health. This limits their participation in activities, deteriorating their independence and overall wellbeing. The conclusions emphasize the need to adopt comprehensive and preventive approaches to improve the well-being of this population.
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    Complicaciones de la diabetes Mellitus tipo II en adultos mayores a nivel nacional
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Extensión San Pablo de La Troncal, 2024-01-08) Zumba Vera, Dayana Patricia; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0942350943
    This study aimed to identify the complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults in Ecuador. The methodology employed a qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach that involved the selection of articles from various scientific journal databases from the last five years through a comprehensive literature review. The findings from the reviewed studies converge to indicate that T2DM in older adults is associated with a number of multifaceted complications. The most frequently identified complications encompass thyroid alterations, arterial hypertension, obesity, renal diseases, neuropathies, retinopathies, cardiopathies, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, a significant correlation is evidenced between diabetes and functional loss, decreased muscular mass, and comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, renal disease, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, and amputations, alongside an increased risk of premature mortality. The study highlights the need to develop more effective healthcare and prevention strategies for these complications aimed at enhancing this vulnerable population’s quality of life.
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    Complicaciones en embarazo asociadas a infección de vías urinarias.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-08) Palomino González, Katherine Elizabeth; Castro Alcocer, Gabriel; 0302210943
    Urinary tract infections (UTIs), with a higher incidence in pregnant women, occur when bacteria enter the bladder or kidney, leading to asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis. This research aims to identify pregnancy complications associated with urinary tract infections by gathering information from scientific sources through a bibliographic, analytical, and quantitative study. Thirteen documents were collected for this research, including 4 from Dialnet, 3 from Scopus, 1 from PubMed, 1 from Redalyc, and 1 from SciELO. After applying the PRISMA method, the results showed a correct follow-up process in 96.2% of pregnancies. The incidence of UTIs was 14%. The most commonly implicated germ was Escherichia coli, with an incidence of over 45%, followed by Klebsiella with 27%. In conclusion, the causative agent of UTIs, E. coli, suggests that ampicillin is the preferred treatment during pregnancy.
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    Cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad en la practica de la enfermeria en la atencion primaria de salud: una revision bibliografica
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Vivar Melgarejo, Ginger Melissa; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0921251369
    The nursing profession is primarily dedicated to human care, where the execution of activities and procedures requires extensive knowledge regarding their correct implementation. Biosecurity is fundamental in the daily practice of healthcare. This study aims to determine compliance level with biosecurity measures in nursing practice in Primary Health Care. The qualitative, descriptive, and bibliographic research is based on a documentary review of previous studies by various authors, using relevant databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA Method was applied for analysis and selection, following established inclusion parameters and criteria. Most professionals indicated familiarity with biosecurity recommendations related to Primary Health Care, including using personal protective equipment and nurse-patient safety protocols. The most common biosecurity practices among caregivers are hand washing, using safety barriers usage when handling sharp objects, and waste classification and disposal. However, the availability of knowledge does not guarantee the effective implementation of these biosecurity measures in Primary Health Care, highlighting that some professionals may lack the expected coherent knowledge. Strengthening the acknowledgment of the nursing team and constant monitoring of compliance with biosecurity measures are emphasized.
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    Efectos psicológicos de la pandemia Covid-19
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-10) Nolivos Rivera, Génesis Danelly; Zambrano Garcés, Rosa María; 0953049749
    This research belongs to the field of Nursing and aims to analyze the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing professionals. A qualitative study was conducted using the PRISMA tool, with inclusion criteria focused on examining articles from scientific journals related to the topic, which were observed through documentary analysis. The main findings from this document review indicate that the causes of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing professionals are fear of contagion, death, and isolation. The main psychological effects identified are fatigue, post-traumatic and work-related stress, sadness, anger, and frustration. One of the findings highlights the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and the psychological distress it causes in nurses, showing that fear and exposure to COVID-19 are closely linked variables. The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant physical, emotional, and psychological consequences on nursing professionals, impacting their ability to react in high-risk infection situations. Therefore, the main recommendations include designing prevention strategies and targeted therapies for nursing personnel following this type of situation.
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    Estilos de vida en pacientes con hipertensión en Ecuador
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-08) Bustamante Paucar, Magaly Elizabeth; Castro Alcocer, Gabriel; 1719960187
    The following investigation pertains to the quality of life among individuals with arterial hypertension in Ecuador. This study aims to analyze the quality of life and dietary habits as possible risk factors contributing to the disease’s progression. A literature review was conducted to explore the subject matter under study, specifically the lifestyles of hypertensive patients in Ecuador, using a qualitative research approach. An exhaustive document research was conducted on the Google Scholar website, selecting articles from the last five years and carried out in the study country to meet the search parameters. The analysis incorporated 24 papers comprising scientific articles and theses. The findings underscored an increase in risk factors with advancing age. Similarly, it established a strong correlation between sedentary lifestyle and excessive consumption of salt and junk food, with arterial hypertension prevalence. Therefore, it was concluded that the quality of life for each individual depends on the time allocated to engage in physical activities or exercise, along with a prudent dietary regimen adoption.
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    Estratégias de prevención de la obesidad infantil en niños y adolescentes menores de 19 años.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-10-24) Naula Arcos, Nicole Stefanie; Zambrano Garcés, Rosa María; 0941906885
    Childhood and adolescent obesity have become a complex global issue, affecting all segments of society without distinction. It has become a significant risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aims to develop a strategy for preventing childhood obesity in children and adolescents under 19 years of age, determine the factors causing it, and identify the relationship between dietary habits and physical activity about obesity. The methodology involved a review of existing literature in various digital repositories such as Scopus, Elsevier, SciELO, Killkana, dSPACE, and Medigraphic, both in Spanish and English. The results showed that initiatives promoting healthy eating and physical activity evidenced a meaningful effect on reducing obesity. Identified factors contributing to this problem include inadequate dietary habits, a sedentary lifestyle, excessive use of technological devices, low socioeconomic status, family history of obesity, lack of physical activity, urban residence, and a combination of breastfeeding with formula milk. These factors do not act in isolation but often intersect, exacerbating the problem further. In conclusion, it is essential to adapt strategies to the needs of everyone, addressing factors such as physical activity level, dietary preferences, and overall health. Additionally, it is crucial to involve parents, educational institutions, and caregivers in implementing these strategies to reverse this worrying trend and ensure a healthier future for future generations.
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    Evaluar la calidad de vida y manejo de las emociones relacionado con la salud en los pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-01) Calle Díaz, Jessica Janina; Martínez Vicuña, Enriqueta; 2100787296
    The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2020, 9.9 million people worldwide were registered with tuberculosis (TB), including 5.5 million men, 3.3 million women, and 1.1 million infants. This thesis aims to assess the quality of life and healthrelated emotional management in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). For this purpose, a methodology based on a documentary review of records and reports from reliable sources, including the WHO and the Ministry of Public Health (MSP for its Spanish acronym) was used. In addition, papers from internationally indexed databases (SCOPUS, Scielo, ScienceDirect, among others) were utilized. The results found that the relevant risk factors related to this condition correspond to body weight (73% of cases), nutritional factors (30% of cases), alcoholism and smoking at 50.53% and 55.85%, respectively. In the emotional status, patients with PTB are associated with conditions such as anxiety, depression, psychological support, alcoholism, emotional problems, energy/fatigue, among others. The prevalence in patients with PTB in countries such as China, Colombia, Ecuador, Russia, and India is given by the average age of 50 years for men, while in women little less than 49 years. Regarding gender, there is no defined prevalence, but it varies from 50 to 67% in males and between 30 and 50% in females.
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    Factores asociados a multidrogorresistencia en pacientes con tuberculosis en Ecuador.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-12-04) Romero Vélez, Mayra Alejandra; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0302660543
    Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a public health issue. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with multidrug resistance in tuberculosis patients. A qualitative-descriptive approach was employed in a bibliographic investigation encompassing diverse information sources from 2018 to 2023. The review analyzed nineteen publications predominantly originating from Ecuador. It was evidenced that most of these studies pertained to factors associated with the development of tuberculosis and its treatment abandonment. The method employed in this study is bibliographic with a qualitative approach and descriptive scope concerning factors associated with multidrug resistance in tuberculosis patients in Ecuador. It was concluded that tuberculosis transmission occurs through regular or prolonged exposure to patients disseminating tubercle bacilli in confined or poorly ventilated spaces. Furthermore, factors contributing to multidrug resistance include treatment abandonment or irregularity, resistance to unwanted influences, alcohol, tobacco, and drug consumption, lack of family support, knowledge deficits, and economic constraints, preventing effective recovery and leading to severe health complications and the proliferation of strains, thereby increasing population-wide contagion. Keywords: Tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant, tubercle bacilli, health complications, risk factors.
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    Factores de riesgo del cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres adultas.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024-04-26) Peralta Mayllasungo, Mayra Estefania; Vicuña Palacios, Andrea; 0650333842
    Cervical cancer is a major health problem affecting women throughout the world. This study, based on a comprehensive review of the literature, aimed to identify and understand risk factors associated with uterine cancer in adult women. The main objective is to elucidate factors that increase the probability of developing this disease in this population, which will contribute to enriching scientific knowledge and provide valuable information for prevention and early detection strategies. A total of 50 relevant scientific articles on uterine cancer in adult women were collected and reviewed. The PRISMA approach was used for the selection of articles, including specific inclusion criteria to guarantee the quality and relevance of the literature analyzed. The results highlight several key risk factors that influence the incidence of uterine cancer in adult women. Among these factors, persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, premature initiation of sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and smoking were identified. The findings provide a more complete picture of the factors that increase the risk of developing the disease. These results emphasize the importance of prevention and early detection strategies, and the need for future studies that delve into the relationship between these factors and uterine cancer. Ultimately, this research provides important insights that can help improve women's health and reduce the burden of cervical cancer on society.
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    Factores de riesgo que inciden en la morbi-mortalidad materno neonatal
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024-05-28) Solis Carranza, Nailly Gabriela; Molina Calle, Carmen Victoria; 0942357609
    The risk factors predisposing to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality are those evident before gestation and before the first 28 days of the newborn's life. However, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates are high in least developed countries. These rates statistically record the pathologies and deaths occurring during gestation, provoked by certain circumstances or factors. The study aims to raise awareness of the importance of tackling this issue comprehensively to prevent women’s and neonates’ health complications. This qualitative retrospective study’s methodology involves reviewing bibliographic repositories and databases, such as SciELO, Google Scholar, DSpace, Scopus, and PubMed. The analysis discerned ten quantifiable publications and five articles with a qualitative approach, from which various data were extracted and verified. Demographic factors, gynecological history, obstetric risks, and dystocia presentation are some identified maternal and neonatal factors. For neonates, the identified factors include APGAR scores, birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational age, genetic disorders, and breathing problems. Therefore, multidisciplinary strategies are promoted to reduce morbidity and mortality, involving healthcare staff in raising awareness of pregnant women’s need for optimal health.
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    Factores de riesgo que predisponen a adquirir Diabetes Mellitus tipo II en adultos de 30 a 50 años.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-11-24) Barahona Arévalo, Grace Fernanda; Martínez Vicuña, Enriqueta; 0303004857
    Diabetes mellitus stands as one of the most relevant non-communicable diseases alongside cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. It encompasses type I and type II diabetes as well as gestational diabetes. Consequently, the general objective of this study was to identify the risk factors predisposing adults aged 30 to 50 to acquire type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to accomplish this objective, a systematic review was conducted to gather pertinent data on the factors that contribute to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population between the ages of 30 and 50. The research followed a non-experimental design with a qualitative approach. Among the main findings, 11 studies conducted within the last five years were identified from various databases. These studies highlighted the risk factors and sociodemographic elements contributing to the beginning of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.