Factores que influyen en la hipertensión arterial en adultos en Ecuador

Abstract

Hypertension is a long-term health condition that affects many people around the world. It has a relevant impact on public health because it is becoming more common. Many factors contribute to the development of hypertension. This documentary review aimed to determine the factors influencing arterial hypertension among adults in Ecuador. It will seek to identify its prevalence, the main risk factors, and their relationship with the development of the disease. A quantitative, descriptive, and bibliographic methodology was carried out. Forty-five studies authored by various scholars from established databases were collected. Subsequently, the PRISMA method was used, and 13 research studies were selected and analyzed. Findings reveal a notable predominance of hypertension within a group of young adults (9.2%); as people age, the prevalence of hypertension increases, and it is particularly high among the elderly population (58.47%) with immutable risk factors, such as age (63.73%), male gender (53.9%), and family history of hypertension (45.5%), as well as mutable determinants including obesity (42.65%), suboptimal dietary patterns (47%), alcohol consumption (23.53%), and hypercholesterolemia (27.94%). There is evidence of a statistically significant relationship between arterial hypertension and these risk factors, concluding that the higher the risk factors, the greater the predisposition for developing the condition. It is recommended to strengthen health promotion activities, self-care, and lifestyle modification from an early age.