Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería
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Examinando Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería por Materia "Abordaje terapéutico"
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en esteatosis hepática en América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Alvarado Lozano, Daniel Alexis; Cango Juela, Luis Fernando; Toalongo Salto, Janeth Esperanza; 0706098787; 1900735505Introduction: Hepatic steatosis is a disease characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, leading to a decrease in its function and resulting in several health complications in humans. Objective: To conduct a literature review on "Nursing Interventions in Hepatic Steatosis in Latin America." Methodology: A literature review study was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and SciELO. Results: Based on the articles analyzed, it was found that the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Latin America is high, particularly in countries such as Bolivia (63.9%) and Mexico (52.21%), where health and economic conditions are precarious, among the associated factors are diabetes mellitus, overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and the overuse of paracetamol. Fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma were found to be the main complications. As for the therapeutic approach, diet and exercise are used, and pharmacological treatment includes vitamin E and pioglitazone; in a particular case of a pregnant patient, 5% dextrose, plasmapheresis, and vitamin K were administered. Finally, nursing interventions include communicating with the patient and family about the disease, treatments, and implementing dietary education programs. Conclusions: In the case of hepatic steatosis, nursing intervention is crucial in prevention and treatment according to the individual's condition, indicating the significance of their knowledge. Keywords: Therapeutic approach, hepatic steatosis, associated factors, nursing intervention, prevalence, Latin America.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con hemorragia posparto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Arévalo Ochoa , Erika Salomé; Espinoza Berrezueta, Fabiola Patricia; Jaya Vásquez , Lilia Carina; 0107642092; 0706565900The World Health Organization (WHO) considers postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, which can occur from the first 24 hours to 6 or 12 weeks postpartum. In severe cases, several complications such as renal failure, hypovolemic shock, hysterectomy, and in irreversible stages, death are manifested. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out based on selected documents in Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, SciELO and Redalyc, where 176 studies were found in the first search, including 27 documents for the introduction and 50 articles that contributed to the proposed questions. Results and Discussion: The articles reviewed revealed a significant prevalence of PPH worldwide, which depends on the socioeconomic reality and maternal risk factors such as placenta previa and accreta, uterine atony, birth canal lesions, macrosomia, and multiparity. On the other hand, appropriate management of the therapeutic approach and nursing interventions have been identified to reduce the signs and symptoms of this maternal complication. Conclusions: From the analysis of the studies reviewed, it is clear that nursing interventions are based on the direct care of the patient with PPH, in which maneuvers are performed to stop the bleeding, followed by the administration of drugs, and in more complex cases, surgical intervention, thus providing effective and efficient care to reduce this gynecological-obstetric alteration.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con macrosomia fetal(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Agreda Jaramillo, Viviana Marisol; Guncay Puma, Rosa Liliana; Siguenza Pacheco, Marco Antonio; 1900641893; 0350116174Fetal macrosomia is defined as a birth weight equal to or greater than 4500 grams, regardless of gestational age, which is one of the main problems during gestation. Methodology: Narrative type literature review, where information related to nursing interventions in patients with fetal macrosomia was analyzed by searching articles and original documents published from 2018 to 2022 in different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, ProQuest, Taylor, and Francis; the keywords used according to the Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) were: fetal macrosomia, newborn, prevalence, risk factors, complications, therapeutic approach, prevention, nursing care. Results: The prevalence of fetal macrosomia was most notable in Saudi Arabia, with 19.8%, compared to China and the United States, which showed 7.21% and 9.5%. The related factors were maternal age, sex of the newborn, obesity, and gestational diabetes. Among the complications were: clavicle breakage, shoulder dystocia, cephalohematoma, and fetal distress. Nursing care emphasizes promotion and prevention activities through counseling, fetal growth monitoring, and feeding. Conclusions: The interventions of the nursing staff in a macrosomic neonate are emphasized in counseling activities, growth monitoring, and fetal well-being to prevent the development of this pathology through early detection and management of maternal pathologies associated with it. Keywords: Fetal macrosomia, newborn, risk factors, complications, therapeutic approach, prevention, nursing care.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con trauma abdominal severo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Centeno Gómez, Rosa Virginia; Huanga Berrezueta, Rudy Jasmin; Palaguachi Tenecela , Ángel Efraín; 1401310444; 0704715960Introduction: Penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT) is related to a variety of injuries located in the abdominal wall that can damage internal organs and blood vessels, including the stomach, gallbladder, intestine, kidneys, pancreas, liver, and spleen, affecting health and patient well-being. Objective: To conduct a narrative literature review on morbidity, complications, therapeutic approach, associated factors, and nursing interventions in PAT. Methodology: A narrative literature review was carried out: 46 articles, one guide, one manual, two reports, and one book were obtained using scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Redalyc, Springer Link, LILACS, SciELO. Results: Approximately 3700 people die worldwide, representing a mortality of 65%. The associated factors are the following: traffic or pedestrian accidents, falls from a height, physical assault, stabbings, and firearms. Complications include hemorrhages, sepsis, or infections in the therapeutic approach: laparoscopy, laparotomy, body computed tomography (CT), nursing interventions use of emergency protocols, control of vital signs, hemodynamic stabilization, and circulation in surgery. Conclusions: The anatomical region most affected by traumatic injuries is the abdomen. Its mechanisms of injury are blunt and penetrating trauma; most of the causes of these injuries are high-impact accidents; its complications are multiple with a diverse therapeutic approach depending on the type of injury with an initial stabilization approach. The nursing staff guarantees efficient and coordinated care of traumatized patients.Ítem Acceso Abierto Intervenciones de enfermería en úlceras vasculares en adultos a nivel de América latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Guaillas Gutama, Alisson Gabriela; Cabrera Cabrera, Vilma Victoria; Parra Pérez, Carmen del Rocio; 0106074289; 1105054595Vascular ulcers are lesions with loss of skin integrity that develop as a consequence of some alterations in the bloodstream circulation. Objective: To determine nursing interventions for vascular ulcers in the adult population of Latin America. Methodology: A literature review was conducted, considering articles from indexed journals in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Medline, ProQuest, Web of Science, SciELO, and Redalyc. Results: In Latin America, the prevalence ranges between 68% and 85% of the population. There are no specific results in the epidemiology of these conditions in Ecuador, but several studies agree on an estimate of3 to 5 new cases per thousand people. Smoking, obesity, pregnancy, menopause, unhealthy lifestyles, family history, and the elderly female population are some of the factors associated with the development of these lesions. Treatment depends on the etiology that causes them and the patient’s characteristics; nursing care is oriented towards treatment rather than prevention. Conclusions: In Latin America, it is common for the population to suffer from vascular ulcers; therefore, it is important to educate about risk factors by promoting healthy lifestyles for prevention, considering the associated pathologies and the advances that occur in wound healing to prevent complications. Keywords: Vascular ulcers; prevalence; Latin America; complications; therapeutic approach; nursing intervention.
