Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con trauma abdominal severo

Abstract

Introduction: Penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT) is related to a variety of injuries located in the abdominal wall that can damage internal organs and blood vessels, including the stomach, gallbladder, intestine, kidneys, pancreas, liver, and spleen, affecting health and patient well-being. Objective: To conduct a narrative literature review on morbidity, complications, therapeutic approach, associated factors, and nursing interventions in PAT. Methodology: A narrative literature review was carried out: 46 articles, one guide, one manual, two reports, and one book were obtained using scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Redalyc, Springer Link, LILACS, SciELO. Results: Approximately 3700 people die worldwide, representing a mortality of 65%. The associated factors are the following: traffic or pedestrian accidents, falls from a height, physical assault, stabbings, and firearms. Complications include hemorrhages, sepsis, or infections in the therapeutic approach: laparoscopy, laparotomy, body computed tomography (CT), nursing interventions use of emergency protocols, control of vital signs, hemodynamic stabilization, and circulation in surgery. Conclusions: The anatomical region most affected by traumatic injuries is the abdomen. Its mechanisms of injury are blunt and penetrating trauma; most of the causes of these injuries are high-impact accidents; its complications are multiple with a diverse therapeutic approach depending on the type of injury with an initial stabilization approach. The nursing staff guarantees efficient and coordinated care of traumatized patients.