Intervenciones de enfermería en esteatosis hepática en América Latina

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatic steatosis is a disease characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, leading to a decrease in its function and resulting in several health complications in humans. Objective: To conduct a literature review on "Nursing Interventions in Hepatic Steatosis in Latin America." Methodology: A literature review study was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and SciELO. Results: Based on the articles analyzed, it was found that the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Latin America is high, particularly in countries such as Bolivia (63.9%) and Mexico (52.21%), where health and economic conditions are precarious, among the associated factors are diabetes mellitus, overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and the overuse of paracetamol. Fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma were found to be the main complications. As for the therapeutic approach, diet and exercise are used, and pharmacological treatment includes vitamin E and pioglitazone; in a particular case of a pregnant patient, 5% dextrose, plasmapheresis, and vitamin K were administered. Finally, nursing interventions include communicating with the patient and family about the disease, treatments, and implementing dietary education programs. Conclusions: In the case of hepatic steatosis, nursing intervention is crucial in prevention and treatment according to the individual's condition, indicating the significance of their knowledge. Keywords: Therapeutic approach, hepatic steatosis, associated factors, nursing intervention, prevalence, Latin America.