Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con hemorragia posparto

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, which can occur from the first 24 hours to 6 or 12 weeks postpartum. In severe cases, several complications such as renal failure, hypovolemic shock, hysterectomy, and in irreversible stages, death are manifested. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out based on selected documents in Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, SciELO and Redalyc, where 176 studies were found in the first search, including 27 documents for the introduction and 50 articles that contributed to the proposed questions. Results and Discussion: The articles reviewed revealed a significant prevalence of PPH worldwide, which depends on the socioeconomic reality and maternal risk factors such as placenta previa and accreta, uterine atony, birth canal lesions, macrosomia, and multiparity. On the other hand, appropriate management of the therapeutic approach and nursing interventions have been identified to reduce the signs and symptoms of this maternal complication. Conclusions: From the analysis of the studies reviewed, it is clear that nursing interventions are based on the direct care of the patient with PPH, in which maneuvers are performed to stop the bleeding, followed by the administration of drugs, and in more complex cases, surgical intervention, thus providing effective and efficient care to reduce this gynecological-obstetric alteration.