Trabajos de Titulación - Biofarmacia
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/819
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sanmartín Ruíz , Idania Eloísa; Carpio Arévalo, Juan Marcelo; 0706284882Ítem Acceso Abierto Caracterización fenotípica de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus que colonizan la mucosa nasal de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) criados en la provincia de Cañar (Ecuador, 2021).(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Ponce Morocho , Andrea Maribel; Yarzabal Rodríguez, Luis Andrés; 0106800451Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pilco Sanaguaray, Angie Lisbeth; Bravo Crespo, David Israel; 2351030982Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis fisicoquímico y microbiológico: estudio comparativo de aguas del río Gualaquiza y agua potable.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Chimborazo Siguencia, Saul Patricio; Lituma Viñan, Angelica Concepción; Ochoa Coronel, Eduardo Maciel; 0350159539; 0105430060Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Rivadenaira Molina, Genesis Maylee; Cárdenas Cordero, Janneth Fernanda; 1400801526Ítem Acceso Abierto Descripción de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biofarmacéuticas de diversas marcas comerciales de tabletas de 25 mg de carvedilol.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Orbe Martínez, Byron Humberto; Cárdenas Cordero, Janneth Fernanda; 105474985; García Calle, Anthony AlxanderIntroduction: Carvedilol has proven to be an effective and widely used drug in treating hypertension. It is a beta-adrenergic blocker that acts on beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels, resulting in a decrease in heart rate, reduction in the force of contractions of the heart muscle, and dilation of blood vessels. Objective: To determine the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of various commercial brands of Carvedilol 25 mg tablets. Methodology: This research aims to conduct physicochemical and biopharmaceutical analyses on Carvedilol tablets and the methodology approach is experimental, cross-sectional, and prospective. Results: All the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of Carvedilol 25 mg tablets in its different commercial brands were disclosed. Conclusion: The data collected in this research supports the idea that some physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characteristics met the described pharmacopeias while others did notÍtem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Moscoso Lituma , Fabian Eduardo; Tigre Tigre, Luis Andres; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 0105260384; 0106856768Ítem Acceso Abierto Resistencia a los antimicrobianos por enterobacterias a nivel de América Latina y el Caribe 2013-2023(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sarango Berru, Ary Sebastian; Ortiz Tejedor, Jonnathan Gerardo; 1900770122Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem, also known as the silent pandemic, due to the increasing rate of multi-resistant and pan-resistant bacteria. Enterobacteria are important to this problem because they are the most common at the hospital and community level and can produce beta-lactamase enzymes that inhibit beta-lactam antibiotics. Objective: To report the beta-lactam antibiotics with the highest efficacy against beta-lactamase enzyme-producing enterobacteria and the incidence of these enterobacteria in Latin America from 2013 to 2023. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA method and sources such as PAHO, SciELO, Redalyc, PubMed, and the Google Scholar metasearch engine, collecting 69 documents and maintaining seven based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the different studies, it was found that the enterobacteria with antimicrobial resistance and the highest incidence in hospitals are E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp., and the beta-lactam antibiotics with higher efficacy against beta-lactamase enzymes are Imipenem and Meropenem; however, it has also begun to lose its effectiveness, causing a more drastic alternative treatment to be recommended, such as colistin. Conclusion: In Latin American hospitals, a large number of cases of bacterial infections produced by enterobacteria with multi-resistance to beta-lactams can be observed, mainly caused by patient self-medication, which, despite efforts to control the sale of these medications, continues to exist a high rate of enterobacteria with Antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Ítem Acceso Abierto Implementación de sistema para el control de inventario del laboratorio de tecnología farmaceútica de la facultad de bioquímica y farmacia de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Johnson Peláez, Katherine Viviana; Vacuilima Villa, Lisseth Paola; Moncada Angulo, Ruth Elizabeth; 0106492523; 0106946668INTRODUCTION: In Ecuador, inventories are fundamental to satisfy operations and to obtain higher profits, better management, and planning. For this reason, this study aims to implement an inventory control system in the pharmaceutical technology laboratory because the manual handling of the inventory prevented its correct control and the development of other activities. OBJECTIVE: To implement an inventory control system in the pharmaceutical technology laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the Catholic University of Cuenca. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of this research is qualitative. The descriptive method was used; the information utilized for the development is based on a manual inventory of the laboratory staff. RESULTS: The inventory control system is beneficial for the automation of the stock, which will help to analyze the procedures and regulations to be followed to obtain improvements. CONCLUSION: Implementing f an inventory control system is an essential step to optimize processes and improve the laboratory environment; it is through monitoring and management that the timely availability of resources can be ensured.Ítem Solo Metadatos Identificación de staphylococcus aureus en el área de hospitalización en el Hospital Aida León de Rodríguez Lara, Girón - Azuay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Caldas Caldas, Glenda Nicole; Puglla Macas, Elizabeth Tatiana; Ochoa Coronel, Eduardo Maciel; 0106030695; 1900872241Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism that, due to its virulence and resistance to antibiotics, causes hospital and community diseases. The infections it causes generally occur in hospitalized patients, but also in healthy people, leaving severe consequences. Objective: To identify Staphylococcus aureus through microbiological tests from swabs in the hospitalization area of the Aida León de Rodríguez Lara Hospital. Methodology: The study was carried out on 50 samples taken from different surfaces in 7 hospital areas. The inclusion criterion was to consider the surfaces in more significant contact with the personnel working in the institution and with the patients, while the exclusion criterion was to consider the surfaces that are not in greater contact with the personnel working in the institution and with the patients. Results: From 50 samples taken from different hospital areas, 35 positive samples were identified as positive for Staphylococcus aureus, representing 70% of the samples by conventional microbiological techniques. Conclusion: The presence of Staphylococcus aureus was quantified by microbiological tests, and it was determined that the highest percentage of presence of this microorganism is in the isolation section of the hospitalization area; therefore, strict compliance with biosafety standards is recommended to avoid possible infections and complications in patients and staff.Ítem Solo Metadatos Interacción farmacocinética entre benzodiacepinas y antihipertensivos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Placencia Torres, Ilian Mariel; Blandin Lituma, Paula Eliana; 1727619163Introduction: Pharmacokinetic interactions among drugs can impair therapeutic efficacy by interfering with membrane transporter proteins, compromising the proper action of drugs within the body. In older adults, combining benzodiazepines, psychotropics, and antihypertensives is common due to concurrent diagnoses or lack of knowledge. However, this coadministration can lead to severe side effects such as dizziness, vomiting, and respiratory depression. Although not a common medical practice, many older adults use anxiolytics, antihypertensives, and behavioral regulators. Objective: The main objective of this study was to characterize the information available on pharmacokinetic interactions between benzodiazepines and antihypertensives within the scientific literature. Methodology: An exhaustive literature review was conducted using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, and ProQuest. One hundred and fifteen articles published in Spanish and English between 2017 and 2023 were included. The search focused on pharmacokinetic concepts concerning the interaction between benzodiazepines and antihypertensives. Results: The review revealed that combining benzodiazepines and antihypertensives can elicit adverse reactions and affect pharmacokinetic processes in humans, particularly among older adults, who are highly prone to polymedication. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic interaction between benzodiazepines and antihypertensives can cause enzymatic blockage and metabolic imbalance in the body. Although unusual for cardiovascular disease, coadministration is frequent in older adults. This research highlights the significance of careful medical prescription and monitoring of drug interactions, especially within this population, to prevent adverse effects and enhance therapy.Ítem Solo Metadatos Diagnóstico de sars-cov-2 mediante las pruebas de anticuerpos cuantitativos e hisopado antígenos.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Vacacela Suquilanda, Yessenia de los Angeles; Zhingre Suárez, Alicia Esperanza; 1104582315Introduction COVID-19 disease has caused significant health problems worldwide. In 2019, the first infection with the new coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China, and the virus spread rapidly. WHO (World Health Organization) reported about 629 million cases and 6.5 million deaths by November 2022. One year after the first reported case in Ecuador, the Secretariat for Risk Management published that 327,325 positive cases and 16,780 deaths were recorded. Objective: To compile relevant information for SARS-CoV-2 detection through quantitative antibody and antigen tests. Methodology: A literature review was conducted. The search strategy included indexed databases, articles, reviews, and scientific journal reports from 2019-2022. Results: Serological tests alone should not be used as diagnostic tools to determine severe cases in healthcare, as the presence of antibodies cannot be detected at the early stage of the disease, whereas antigen testing has a higher specificity and sensitivity than serological testing, i.e., it can detect the viral genome at the onset of infection. Conclusions: The results suggest that the two tests mentioned in the review are a good option regarding simplicity, speed, and cost. However, there are different aspects that the health professional should consider.Ítem Acceso Abierto Manual de gestión de calidad del laboratorio 109 de bioquímica de la carrera de bioquímica y farmacia de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca según las normativas y la acreditación del CACES.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mendez Huerta, Luis Fernando; Reinoso Fajardo, Jonnathan Xavier; Guillermo Quinde, Juan Israel; 105976781; 0104752241Introduction: Higher Education Institutions must comply with The Higher Education Quality Assurance Council (CACES by its acronym in Spanish), to create a quality control manual that includes information on the inventory of furniture and equipment, maintenance plans, and detailed use manuals for each piece of equipment found in the 109 Biochemistry laboratory. Objective: To develop a quality system based on accreditation and CACES-ISO standards to improve the Catholic University of Cuenca biochemistry laboratories through cleaning, maintenance, and use of manuals for each equipment and instrument. Methodology: Data and information were obtained through on-site field studies of the Biochemistry Laboratory 109 for the inventory development process. Therefore, the ControLab system was developed, which allows the identification of equipment, instruments, and materials in the biochemistry laboratory. Scientific journals and web pages such as Redalyc, Scopus, and SciELO, among others, provided support. Results: ControLab is a software system with the objective of an efficient and fast search concerning inventory and manuals. Based on the instruments of the 109 Biochemistry laboratory of the Catholic University of Cuenca, it has implemented ISO and CACES standard Conclusion: The implementation of manuals and the "ControLab" program became a quality instrument within the Biochemistry and Pharmacy career, improving inventory efficiency and reducing errors.Ítem Acceso Abierto Implementación de un sistema informático controlab para el control de inventario del laboratorio clínico y toxicológico de la facultad de bioquímica y farmacia de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Picoita Macancela, Jessica Lizbeth; Paredes Fajardo, Johanna Maribel; Moncada Angulo, Ruth Elizabeth; 0106353766; 1900665280Inventories are of great importance for the control and monitoring of products, as well as being compliant with the Ecuadorian Institute for Standardization (INEN by its acronym in Spanish), which requires implementing an inventory system to have a better order in any establishment. Therefore, it has been necessary to implement an inventory control system called ControLab at the Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Laboratory in the Faculty of Biochemistry and Pharmacy of the Catholic University of Cuenca. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to implement a computer system called ControLab for inventory control of laboratory 215 of clinical and toxicological analysis through a barcode reader. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Materials used for the implementation were the inventory control software, and the methodology applied was qualitative, descriptive, investigative, and longitudinal. RESULTS: It was possible to demonstrate that the inventory control system is reliable and meets the requirements in the laboratory, where it was observed that there is greater efficiency in inventory management, cost reduction, improvement in decision making, and there is no resistance to change by the personnel in charge. CONCLUSION: The results obtained have confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of the new processes, providing more orderly and optimized management of the laboratory's resources. The traceability of equipment and supplies has been improved, ensuring better control and availability.Ítem Solo Metadatos Cannabis sativa como herramienta terapéutica para el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria en latinoamérica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Lliguicota Guaman, Kevin Stalin; Alulima Cabrera, Dayana Tairy; Guillermo Quinde, Juan Israel; 0302196390; 1900812221Introduction: Refractory epilepsy is a public health problem; it affects the neurological development of infants at a cognitive-behavioral level. Therefore, an alternative treatment with Cannabis sativa is considered, showing certain therapeutic benefits. In Latin America, there are 190 reported cases per 100,000 child inhabitants per year, and in Ecuador, between 120 and 165 cases are registered. Objective: To conduct a literature review to determine whether Cannabis sativa can be used as a therapeutic tool to treat refractory epilepsy. Methodology: The population of this study consisted of pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy in Latin America, highlighting countries such as Mexico and Argentina, among others. A qualitative research design was employed, with a descriptive and documentary level, through of a narrative review. The information search used bibliographic sources in scientific journals, books, search engines, and databases. Results: The use of Cannabis sativa is effective in controlling and improving seizure frequencies in patients with refractory epilepsy. However, Cannabis sativa as a therapeutic tool can generate mild and transitory side effects. In Latin America, despite the few studies that corroborate the use of Cannabis in treating refractory epilepsy, it has been associated with a decrease in epileptic seizures and few adverse effects. Conclusion: Cannabis Sativa and its components provide favorable results for treating refractory epilepsy in children. However, aspects such as dosage and possible adverse reactions should be considered.Ítem Acceso Abierto Manual de calidad para el laboratorio de microbiología de la carrera de bioquímica y farmacia de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca según parámetros de acreditación del consejo de aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación superior (CACES).(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Cabrera Bravo, Angel Gabriel; Calle Paredes, Juan David; Guillermo Quinde, Juan Israel; 0301975793; 0106115132Introduction: The Catholic University of Cuenca is undergoing the accreditation process for the Biochemistry and Pharmacy career, for which it must comply with the ISO9001 Standard. One of the requirements is the elaboration of quality management manuals that include an inventory of furniture and equipment, a maintenance plan, and a laboratory use manual to enhance the development of undergraduate practices. Objective: To design a quality manual for the microbiology laboratory of the Biochemistry and Pharmacy program at the Catholic University of Cuenca, according to the accreditation parameters of the Council for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. Methodology: A descriptive transversal study was carried out to gather the information required to comply with the accreditation parameters. A deductive method was used, and a bibliographic search was based on scientific articles, magazines, and pages of scientific approach such as Redalyc, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, ProQuest, and others. Results: The proposed manual formats containing information for the proper use of instruments and the implementation of international quality and efficiency management standards were approved, also the proposed instructions, which contain the adequate operationalization of the use of equipment. Conclusion: The analysis carried out in this study shows that by applying the manuals under development with the classification of inventories and internal control of ISO standards, better instrumentation control would be achieved, providing better management, optimization, and performance of the equipment.Ítem Solo Metadatos Incremento del número de casos de artrítis reumatoidea en pacientes post covid(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Lalvay Curiilo, Oswaldo Paúl; Macías Matamoros, Andrea Fernanda; 106094196INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune pathology that affects various joints bilaterally. After the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous cases have been observed that have increased the incidence of this pathology, attributed to the immunological alterations caused by this virus. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to analyze the existing evidence on the increase in the number of cases of rheumatoid arthritis among post-COVID patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching scientific articles in PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases using health science descriptors and MeSH terms combined with Boolean operators. RESULTS: The strategy and information selection included 35 articles after applying specific filters and criteria. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 triggers immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroiditis, and vasculitis, among others, because it alters the tolerance mechanism. Likewise, the symptoms frequently reported in post-COVID arthritis are pain and inflammation in the hand and knee joints. The incidence of the disease remains unknown, but it can affect individuals of different ages and genders.Ítem Solo Metadatos Resistencia a los antibacterianos de primera línea terapéutica en helicobacter pylori(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Corte Guartazaca, Gloria Eugenia; Merizalde Minchala, Genesis Ivanna; Ortiz Tejedor, Jonnathan Gerardo; 0106402100; 0706404910Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium directly involved in developing gastrointestinal illnesses, such as chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal diseases, particularly peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. However, in most people, the infection may remain clinically silent throughout life. Objective: To analyze the resistance to first-line antibacterials in Helicobacter pylori through a systematic review. Methodology: The systematic review of 14 articles used scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Redalyc, whose collected data corresponded to ten years. The PRISMA guidelines were applied to determine the eligibility of the articles, as well as to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Among the diagnostic methods of H. pylori, non-invasive methods such as copro analysis and invasive methods such as histology and urease test are highlighted. Likewise, the predominant resistance genes are rdxA, 23S rRNA, and gyrA. Conclusion: There is evidence of greater resistance to the prescribed treatments with metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin in patients with H. pylori.Ítem Solo Metadatos Situación actual de la resistencia a los betalactámicos, una revisión sistemática de la literatura(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Ramón Barrera, Génesis Lilibeth; Sumba Guartasaca, Gloria Imelda; 0106148554; 0150099273; Bueno León, Hernán PatricioIntroduction: β-lactams are widely prescribed antibiotics due to their efficacy, safety, and availability. They have been used for decades to treat various bacterial infections. However, misuse and overuse have contributed to developing bacterial resistance, particularly in organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective: This systematic review aims to compile updated information on β-lactams and the main mechanisms of resistance. Methodology: A systematic review of scientific literature was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The review included articles published between 2018 and 2023. The literature search was performed in Medline, PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, using appropriate MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms (AND/Y). Twenty studies were selected, focusing on the main resistance mechanisms to β-lactams. Results: Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, the primary resistance mechanism to β-lactams is the production of β-lactamase enzymes. In Staphylococcus aureus, the alteration in PBPs (penicillin-binding proteins) predominates. Conclusion: The indiscriminate use of β-lactams has led to the evolution of bacterial resistance, with the production of β-lactamase enzymes being a significant concern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Similarly, the alteration in PBPs in Staphylococcus aureus contributes to resistance. These mechanisms render β-lactams ineffective and require more potent antibiotics, increasing patient risks. Comprehensive strategies, including responsible antibiotic use and implementing surveillance and control programs for bacterial resistance, are essential to address this issue.Ítem Acceso Abierto Gestión de calidad para el laboratorio clínico microbiológico e inmunólogico de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Torres Torres, Luis Gabriel; Segarra Coronel, Jonnathan Mauricio; Andrade Campoverde, Diego Paúl; 0150567014; 0104824859Introduction: The Clinical Laboratory of the Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE) has high-quality facilities and competent staff but has flaws in some aspects, such as inventory management. Thus, to fix this problem, a program was implemented to automate the process based on the ISO 17025 standard, thus improving customer service and laboratory performance. Objective: To implement an inventory management and control system for the customer service laboratory of the UCACUE, leading to improve clinical and administrative processes to maintain continuous quality improvement. Methodology: This research has a mixed descriptive approach since it combines qualitative and quantitative aspects, for data collection and processing. To develop the project, the Extreme Programming (XP) method, high-quality software, was used through the direct observation technique, which provides information on events in the Clinical Laboratory of the UCACUE. Results: The CONTROLAB program reduced the delivery time of results and improved the storage and tracking of supplies, reagents, and equipment, thus having a significant impact on the quality management system of the UCACUE laboratory, improving the delivery of reliable results for a possible diagnosis. Conclusions: The development of the CONTROLAB program allows the registration of patients and the delivery of results, optimizing the efficiency of the processes under ISO 17025.
