Trabajos de Titulación - Bioquímica y Farmacia
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Sensibilidad de Candida albicans ATCC 90028 a desinfectantes utilizados en centros de atención sanitaria(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2020) Naranjo Brito, Alfredo Isaac; Jaramillo Guzmán, Fabio André; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 1900432988; 140661136RESUMEN: Candida albicans es considerado como el hongo más estudiado a nivel de laboratorios, siendo el patógeno humano fúngico más común que causa enfermedades en el ser humano, que van desde la mucosa superficial hasta infecciones sistémicas potencialmente mortales. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la sensibilidad de Candida albicans frente a los desinfectantes y antisépticos: Hipoclorito de sodio, peroximonosulfato de potasio, glutaraldehído, clorhexidina, etanol y yodopovidona. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los metodología aplicada fue un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y cuantitativo, para evaluar la eficacia de los desinfectantes utilizados en el estudio frente a Candida albicans ATCC90028 mediante la medición de halos de inhibición formados en los tiempos establecidos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos fueron, sensibilidad a C. albicans con dos de los seis desinfectantes, Clorhexidina al 2% en todos sus tiempos previstos e Hipoclorito de sodio al 5% mostrando eficacia a los 20 minutos y 1 hora. CONCLUSIÓN: Se comparó la actividad antifúngica que generaron los diferentes cada uno de los antisépticos y desinfectantes; concluyendo que Clorhexidina al 2% en comparación del Hipoclorito de sodio al 5% es el desinfectante que menor resistencia presentó por parte de los microorganismos en la investigación pero presenta actividad prolongadaÍtem Acceso Abierto Calidad microbiológica del agua potable(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Albarracín Solís, Digna Yadira; Blandin Lituma, Paula Eliana; 030258733-2Introducción: la transmisión de microorganismos patógenos a través del agua y por consiguiente las enfermedades que traen a consecuencia todavía siguen siendo un problema de salud pública; la OMS ha registrado cada año millones de muertes por enfermedades comunes de transmisión por agua y alimentos entre las cuales se encuentra la diarrea que afecta principalmente a la población vulnerable como son los niños menores de 5 años. Objetivo general: con la presente investigación se analiza la literatura existente referente a la calidad microbiológica del agua potable a nivel nacional. Metodología: la presente se trata de una investigación documental de revisión bibliográfica, para la cual se utilizarán los recursos digitales proporcionados por la Universidad Católica de Cuenca y artículos publicados en el periodo de estudio. Resultados: se obtuvo información relevante que permitió hacer un análisis y valoración de la calidad microbiológica del agua potable y en lo que respecta al abastecimiento público aún deficiente a nivel nacional.Ítem Acceso Abierto Sensibilidad de Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomona aeruginosa ATCC al amonio cuaternario(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Coronel Chumbi, Lorena Jacqueline; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 010588487-8Introduction: Nosocomial infections are produced due to several factors, among them the resistance of microorganisms against antibiotics and possibly to disinfectants, one of which is the quaternary ammonium. The hospital-acquired infections prolong the hospital stay and the cost of healthcare. Quaternary ammonium is among the most widely used antimicrobials in the disinfection of inanimate objects, such as walls, surfaces, etc. Among the main organisms isolated in the hospital setting are: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomona aeruginosa. Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomona aeruginosa to quaternary ammonium. Materials and methods: The applied methodology was longitudinal, analytical, descriptive and comparative study. Results: The results demonstrated that the strains of Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Pseudomona aeruginosa ATCC 27853 are resistant against first-generation quaternary ammonium concentration at 0,05%, since no inhibition halos were formed with any of these strains. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of the first generation quaternary ammonium at 0,05% was null in the entire study universe, due to the absence of inhibition halos in all time periods and in turn in all repetitions.Ítem Acceso Abierto Prevención, promoción y control de infecciones intrahospitalarias por SARS-COV2: Departamento de emergencia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Guamán Mejía, Mayra Priscila; Peña Peña, Jaime Sebastián; 010678595-9Según estadísticas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS (2020) la pandemia del COVID–19 ha afectado a todo el mundo. Se trata de una enfermedad generada por el Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo SARS- CoV-2 que ha causado millones de muertes sin medir sexos, edades, etnias u origen social; originado en China y extendido a nivel mundial a finales de 2019 y principios de 2020, actualmente no tiene un tratamiento específico y su neutralización depende principalmente de la prevención que pueda tenerse en cuenta en función de evitar la propagación en el sistema de salud. Objetivo: Analizar los fundamentos teóricos para la prevención y control de infecciones intrahospitalarias por SARS-CoV-2 en departamentos de emergencia. Materiales y métodos: El método de abordaje consistió en la revisión documental y el análisis documental de artículos especializados en la temática, a través de los cuales fue posible recoger aportes significativos e inherentes a las bases teóricas que sustentan la prevención, promoción y control de infecciones generadas por el brote mundial del SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: La investigación permitió identificar las bases teóricas que sustentan la prevención, promoción y control de infecciones generadas por el brote mundial del SARS-CoV-2. Por lo cual, los resultados son un referente teórico frente a la problemática brote mundial del SARS-CoV-2, beneficia al personal de salud: médicos, enfermeros(as), quienes permanecen en el área intrahospitalaria y están expuestos a infecciones. Así como las personas en general que asisten a los centros hospitalarios.Ítem Acceso Abierto Presencia de oxitetraciclina en carne bovina en la región litroal del Ecuado(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Soto Yange, Jeleny Michelly; Pacheco Cárdenas, Karla Estefanía; 0705023969-1Introduction: The irrational use of antibiotics causes the increase of multiresistant bacterial strains, considered as a public health problem, affecting not only the clinical part but also in livestock. Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic constantly used in livestock, however, in addition to the resistance to this antibiotic, it is suggested that it causes disorders in ossification and allergies in human beings who consume it. Objective: To analyze the existence of the antibiotic oxytetracycline in bovine meat from the coastal region of Ecuador. Methodology: A documentary review of scientific databases: Scopus, Redalyc, Web of Science, PubMed, and a virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Only the most relevant research published during the period 2000 - 2020 was accepted. Results: The study revealed the lack of depth and scarcity of information on the topic analyzed in the coastal region; however, the presence of oxytetracycline in concentrations that exceed the permitted limits in animal tissues, whose consumption can be associated with the presence of bacterial resistance, is evident.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación in sílico de la capacidad inhibitoria de derivados de antraquinonas sobre las enzimas glutamato racemasa y mevalonato difosfato descarboxilasa enterococcus faecalis(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Cabrera Palomeque, Manuel Rene; Sánchez León, Joyce Lizbeth; Carpio Arévalo, Juan Marcelo; 171861898-4; 070453456-9Enterococcus faecalis is etymologically cataloged as one of the main agents that cause urinary tract infections. Globally, it represents a public health problem since it has widely developed a phenotype of resistance to some of the most commonly used antibiotics. All these issues have created an urgent need to research new therapeutic tools. Anthraquinones are molecules that have shown antibacterial effects and that have not been previously evaluated on two potential therapeutic targets of Enterococcus faecalis, such as the enzymes glutamate racemase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. Objective: To evaluate through in silico assays the inhibitory capacity of anthraquinone derivatives versus glutamate racemase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase enzymes of Enterococcus faecalis. Materials y methods: The methodology applied was an in silico experimental study, evaluating and comparing the binding energies and interactions of 100 selected anthraquinones against glutamate racemase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase enzymes from Enterococcus faecalis. Results: Ten anthraquinones with the highest levels of affinity for each of the enzymes in this research were identified, and their polar andÍtem Solo Metadatos Aislamiento, caracterización e identificación de bacterias pigmentadas que participan en procesos de biodeterioro del Compleo Arqueológico Ingapirca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Medina Durán, Gina Maritza; Yarzábal Rodríguez, Luis Andréz; 010588243-5Introduction: Among the most frequent alterations of archaeological monuments we can highlight the degradation of the stone material due to its use as a source of nutrients by microorganisms, and the deterioration caused by the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as organic acids. Objective: To identify pigmented bacteria that are part of the communities of microorganisms that contribute to the biodeterioration of the Ingapirca Archaeological Complex. Methodology: Observational study, in which samples obtained from the rock structure of the main monument of the Ingapirca Complex were cultured. Microbiological techniques were used to isolate and characterize these strains, and Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics to identify and classify them. Results: Bacterial isolates with diverse pigmentation, shape, and texture were obtained. Most of the strains are psychrotolerant and can dissolve minerals at low temperatures. The bacterial isolates belong to three phyla, where the most represented were the actinobacteria. Phylogenetic relationships between the isolated strains could be established.Ítem Acceso Abierto Staphylococcus aureus y su influencia sobre la calidad de la leche bovina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Soto Yange, Karina Lissbeth; Vélez Zamora, Luis Alfredo; 070648075-3Introduction: Bovine mastitis is one of the main hygiene problems that small and medium producers have in their dairy herds. The hygienic-sanitary condition is very elementary in terms of milk quality, this is a very important parameter in production, providing food safety to consumers and protecting health and welfare. S. aureus is the main agent causing clinical and subclinical mastitis of the mammary gland. Objective: To describe the influence of Staphylococcus aureus on the hygienic-sanitary quality of bovine milk for human consumption. Methodology: The methodology had a qualitative approach, with a descriptive, documentary, and bibliographic research, based on scientific sources and search engines: Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Dialnet, ProQuest, in addition to the use of the library of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Results: The presence of mastitis is associated with several risk factors: the environment, lack of good milking practices, lactation, or different infections, which can trigger the development of the disease. The prevalence rate of this disease associated with Staphylococcus aureus is 15.37%. In the dairy industry, milk contamination harms the production processes of pasteurized milk, increases the perishability of the products, decreasing consumer acceptance. Therefore, the most suitable method for milking bovine milk is based mainly on good handling practices.Ítem Solo Metadatos Determinación de factores asociados a la práctica de automedicación en estudiantes del área de salud y población adulta mayor del Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Alejandro Rojas, Dayanna Lisbeth; Calderón Ochoa, María Araceli; Torres Segarra, Silvia Monserrath; 190082307-9; 110548375-2Introduction: Self-medication involves the use of drugs without diagnosis or prescription. Self-medication entails a series of risks, including serious adverse events, drug interactions, intoxications, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it hinders timely medical attention by hiding the clinical picture with self-medication, causing an increase in hospitalizations and saturation of health services. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the factors associated with the practice of self-medication in health students and the elderly population in Ecuador through a literature review to clarify how it affects people's healt Materials and Methods: The methodology used was documentary. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: ScieLO, Redalyc, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Catholic University of Cuenca Library. Results: The factors that motivate the practice of self-medication in students in Ecuador to correspond to; characterizing symptoms as mild, family suggestions, possessing knowledge related to medications, economic factors and time, suggestions in pharmacies, advertising, confidence in medications, and suggestions from non-medical professionals, while in older adults it implies low academic instruction, family suggestions, economic factor, characterizing symptoms as not serious, advertising, lack of time, suggestions in pharmacies, difficulty in obtaining medical appointments and the belief of possessing knowledge regarding medications.Ítem Acceso Abierto Hepatotoxicidad inducida por la administración en pacientes diabetes mellitus II(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Escandón Rea, Gabriel Andrés; Peña Peña, Jaime Sebastián; 010614818-2Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type II is one of the diseases that has generated great concern at the health level, it is estimated that internationally affects more than 415 million people, while in Ecuador it has a high prevalence, where 1 in 10 people between 49 to 60 years suffer from it. In this sense, it is of great relevance to choose an adequate treatment when using antibiotics since this can generate unwanted effects such as hepatotoxicity, which can cause liver damage by developing diseases such as hepatic cell necrosis, hepatitis, cholestasis, granuloma, cholestasis, among others (1,2). Objective: To determine antibiotic-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with diabetes mellitus II. Materials and methods: Qualitative, exploratory, retrospective, descriptive, descriptive, cross-sectional cohort research. For the search of information, we used keywords such as hepatotoxicity, types of hepatotoxicity, classification, diabetes mellitus (I and II), antibiotics, and hepatic lesions by drugs. The search was based on recognized search engines such as Medline, PubMed, Science Magazine, ProQuest, ScieLO, Redalyc, Google Scholar, IntraMed. Results: Cases of hepatotoxicity may occur in 1-10 patients per 100,000 prescriptions; these factors may have a higher incidence in people at risk, as is the case of diabetes. Conclusion: For adequate treatment with antibiotics, a correct evaluation of the patient should be carried out considering his characteristics. Few studies correlate antibiotic hepatotoxicity in diabetic patients.Ítem Acceso Abierto Desinfectantes y antisépticos utilizados en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Acero Quizhpi, Esther Rosalía; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 030293496-3Objective: To evaluate bibliographically the main disinfectants and antiseptics used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The study applies a documentary type design through bibliographic review in databases of high impact journals such as Scopus, ScieLO, PubMed, Redalyc, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca, in English and Spanish languages, in the years 2016-2021. Results: The main antiseptics and disinfectants used in the COVID-19 pandemic were: alcohols, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, iodine compounds, anionic surfactants, phenols, sodium hypochlorite, and quaternary ammonium. The concentrations described for the disinfectants and antiseptics used in pandemic time against SARS CoV-2 are: H2O2 0.5%, benzalkonium chloride (0.05-2%), glutaraldehyde (0.5-2.5%), iodopovidone 10%, sodium hypochlorite (0.5-1%), chlorhexidine 0.5%, alcohol (70-90%), isopropanol 50%. The disinfectants and antiseptics that by in vitro and in vivo studies showed greater effectiveness, managing to reduce the SARS CoV-2 virus to undetectable levels were: chlorine at 1:49 and 1:99 ppm, povidone with iodine 7.5%, ethanol 70%, chloroxylenol 0.05%, benzalkonium chloride 0.1% and chlorhexidine 0.05% with soap solution at a concentration of 1:49, in a time of 15 minutes. The virucidal effect against COVID-19 for nasopharyngeal oral rinses was proved with solutions of 0.23% Iodopovidone and 3% hydrogen peroxide. In addition, it is confirmed that the WHO formulations of ethanol at 85% v/v and glycerin at 0.75% v/v efficiently inactivate SARS-CoV-2.Ítem Solo Metadatos “Calidad microbiológica de ensaladas cocidas expendidas en el mercado 10 de Agosto de la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador; mayo 2023”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Farfán Alvarado, Evelyn Joshep; Torres Segarra, Mateo Sebastian; 0705823169; 0105782932; Torres Segarra, Silvia MonserrathIntroduction: One of the public health problems that has increased the most at present is foodborne diseases (FBD). In this scenario, E. coli bacteria and other coliforms are part of the causative agents of these food pathologies and are indicative of poor hygiene or food handling habits. Objective: To determine the microbiological quality of cooked salads sold in the ‘10 de Agosto’ market in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador; in May 2023. Materials and methods: The universe consists of the ‘10 de Agosto’ market in the city of Cuenca. Thirty-two samples will be collected for the identification of E. coli/coliforms in cooked salads, using Compact Dry EC plates. Colony Forming Units (CFU) of E. coli/coliforms in cooked salads will also be quantified according to INEN 1529-7. Results: The presence of E. coli/coliforms was determined in 100% of cooked salads sold in the ‘10 de Agosto’ market in the city of Cuenca. Conclusion: The presence of E. coli/coliforms was determined in all samples of cooked salads from the ‘10 de Agosto’ market in the city of Cuenca, during the period May 2023.Ítem Solo Metadatos Determinación la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de eucalyptus globulus,frente a Staphylococcus aureus.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Escandón Barnuevo, Jorge Isaac; Pavón Peñaloza, Jonnathan Fernando; Rivera Tuba, Jonathan Xavier; 0105071021; 0302700943Introduction: Preliminary studies using various plant extracts have shown inhibitory properties against diverse microbial agents. Eucalyptus globulus, with its medicinal applications ranging from headache relief to cold treatment, presents an opportunity for harnessing the potential of essential oils and expanding the understanding of their antimicrobial properties against bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. Objective: This research aims to determine the antimicrobial effects of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: The essential oils were extracted using the steam distillation technique, obtaining them in high concentrations. Inhibitory concentrations were measured at percentages of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% against a strain of S. aureus. Inhibition measurement employed the agar diffusion method, utilizing disks impregnated with varying concentrations of essential oils, which are obtained from the plant under study. Results: This approach facilitated the determination of inhibition zones for each concentration, effectively demonstrating the antimicrobial impact on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusion: It can be concluded that S. aureus bacteria exhibit sensitivity to Eucalyptus globulus essential oil at concentrations above 75%, being more effective when the oil is refined. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Eucalyptus globulus, essential oil, antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance.Ítem Solo Metadatos Determinación de escherichia coli y coliformes en jugos de coco expendidos en el mercado 12 de Abril de la ciudad de Cuenca, período abril 2023.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mejía Criollo, Jacqueline Abigail; Pesantez Hurtado, John Steven; Martínez León, Maritza del Rosario; 0105248769; 0106671746Introduction: Foodborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, among which coliforms and E.coli are considered contamination indicators. Objective: To determine the presence of E. coli and coliforms in the juices sold in the “12 de Abril” market in Cuenca during April 2023. Methodology: The research was descriptive, quantitative, and observational. The universe of the study was the four stalls selling coconut juice. Thirty-two samples were collected, and inoculated in Petrifilm plates to quantify coliforms and E.coli colony-forming units (CFUs). Results: Positive coliform growth was observed in 84.38% of the samples analyzed, while E.coli growth was 18.7%. Conclusion: Petrifilm plates determined the presence of both coliforms and E. coli. The stalls with the highest contamination for E.coli were Stall 3 (50%) and Stall 4 (25%). As for coliforms, 100% for Stall 3 and 87.5% for Stall 4Ítem Acceso Abierto Control de los parámetros físico químicos y biofarmacéuticos de comprimidos de enalapril 20 mg.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Chuisaca Sagbay, David Israel; Bernal Gómez, Ingrid Fernanda; Cárdenas Cordero, Janneth Fernanda; 0107129231; 0302601869Introduction: This research study outlines the quality control of Enalapril tablets which must comply with all the quality parameters since it is a drug to treat a risk disease. Information was compiled from the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), and information from other trials of common drugs, to support the results obtained in the different trials. Objective: The quality of different Enalapril 20 mg tablets was evaluated through different assays to detect possible problems related to the tablets. Materials and methods: A methodology based on a descriptive bibliographic analysis was applied. An exhaustive search, compilation, and selection of current information available in several open-access scientific databases was conducted to compare laboratory results and better understand them. Results: The results of the analyzed articles could show several aspects that complied with the pharmacopeia; however, physical factors could alter some results. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the different commercial companies do comply with the requirements established by the USP for tablets; however, environmental factors that may alter the results should not be discardedÍtem Solo Metadatos "Genotipos del virus del papiloma humano en citología alterada del cuello uterino"(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Peñaloza Ullaguari, Maria Isabel; Punina Quixpe, Zonnia Maribel; Zhingre Suárez, Alicia Esperanza; 0107390744; 1805467724Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the Papillomaviridae family. It accounts for 95% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. There are more than 200 HPV genotypes, including fifteen to nineteen high-risk HPV genotypes. Among the most prevalent are HPV 16, 18, 39, 58, and 31, which are responsible for developing cervical cancer. The most prevalent low-risk HPV genotypes are 6 and 11, which are involved in developing genital warts. Objective: To identify the presence of human papillomavirus genotypes in altered cervical cytology. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol for the compilation of information in papers from search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, searching for human papillomavirus genotypes in altered cervical cytology. Results: There is evidence that high-risk HPV genotypes 16 and 18, followed by 39, 58, and 31, are involved in cervical cell transformation. Conclusion: HPV plays a vital role in developing cervical neoplasia, being the main risk factor for this pathology. However, the development of HPV vaccines may reduce the burden of this disease. Furthermore, another result reveals that no vaccine exist for infection caused by HPV genotype 39.Ítem Solo Metadatos Evaluación del efecto antibacteriano in vitro de antraquinonas sintéticas sobre Acinetobacter baumannii(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Jaramillo Paredes, Anahí Maribel; Cofre Lapo, Anthony Isaac; Carpio Arévalo, Juan Marcelo; 030260174-5; 110488766-4The bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic agent of great relevance in the hospital environment, since it is capable of causing serious infections and death in hospitalized patients. Several natural anthraquinones are known to possess antibacterial properties, so in the present study the antibacterial effect of ten synthetic anthraquinones on A. baumannii was evaluated by in vitro assays to determine their potential to constitute potential antibiotic agents. The bactericidal activity of the anthraquinones was determined by the macrodilution method on Mueller Hinton agar at a maximum concentration of 250 μg/mL. Petri dishes were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the number of colonies formed after exposure to each of the compounds was counted. It was found that the anthraquinones 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,8-dihydroxy-4, 5- dinitroanthraquinone showed inhibition of bacterial growth. However, at concentrations lower than the initial concentration and after 24 hours of incubation, no significant decrease in microbial growth was observed. It is concluded that the antimicrobial effect of these anthraquinones is limited to a concentration of 250 μg/mL with a dimethyl sulfoxide concentration of 5% against A. baumannii bacteria.Ítem Acceso Abierto Determinación de candida albicans en labiales(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Arias Iñiguez, Michael Alexander; Araujo Campoverde, María Viviana; 1104871627Introduction. Candida albicans (C.albicans) is a natural yeast present in the mucous membranes of the human organism; however, when there is an alteration in the immune system, this yeast can present itself as whitish plaques on the affected mucous membranes. In addition, the presence of pathologies that may affect areas near specific mucous membranes or lesions near them, makes these areas an ideal environment for the proliferation of this yeast. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the presence of Candida albicans in lipsticks sold in the city of Cuenca, to determine the growth in sabouraud dextrose chloramphenicol agar, and to determine the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU). Methodology. Within this context, this research work determines the presence of Candida albicans in 15 lipsticks issued in specific locations of the city of Cuenca, using the test method to determine Candida albicans in cosmetics established by the FDA. Results. As a result of the experimental study, the absence of Candida albicans was identified in the lipstick samples taken. Conclusion. The absence of Candida albicans in the lipstick samples evidences the possible presence of parabens in the formulation, which prevented the growth of yeasts in Sabouraud dextrose chloramphenicol agar.Ítem Solo Metadatos Efectividad de los desinfectantes de uso hospitalario frente a Enterococcus faecalis(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Astudillo Arias, Nathaly Marcela; Jerez Garzón, Belén Patricia; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 0150495638; 1401211626Introduction: Disinfectants are essential in keeping spaces free of microorganisms that may be harmful to health. However, their long-term residual effectiveness has been reduced due to various factors inherent to the bacteria or the chemical compound, which can lead to an increase in the prevalence of nosocomial infections within hospital spaces. Objective: To assess the residual effect of 70º ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde, 2% chlorhexidine, and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite used as hospital disinfectants against Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology: A descriptive study with a quantitative and longitudinal approach was employed. Four disinfectants were used with concentrations established in the disinfection protocol of the MOH ( Medical Office of Health) and PAHO (Pan American Health Organization). It worked with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC-29212 using the Kirby Bauer technique in Mueller Hinton Agar. The inhibition halos obtained at 20 minutes, one, three, six, 12, and 24 hours after impregnation with the disinfectant were measured to verify its residual effect. Results: Sodium hypochlorite (0.1%), ethanol (70°), chlorhexidine (2%), and glutaraldehyde (2%) were utilized. Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 did not generate inhibition halos against the first two disinfectants. Finally, 2% glutaraldehyde and 2% chlorhexidine were maintained with small inhibition halos during the six periods. However, the remaining effect was not continuous. Conclusion: The residual biocides effect is ineffective over prolonged periods for cleaning and disinfection in hospital environments.Ítem Solo Metadatos Diversidad de levaduras cultivables que colonizan ambientes extremos domésticos en los andes ecuatorianos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Ortega Arana, Grecia Marcela; Zamora García, María Elissa; 0301785127; 0106649403; Yarzábal Rodriguez, Luis AndrésIntroduction: Within domestic environments, there are habitats that present unfavorable (extreme) conditions for the growth and development of various microorganisms, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Moreover, a group of extremophilic microorganisms is capable of multiplying in these extreme conditions. General Objective: To determine the composition of culturable yeast communities that colonize extreme domestic environments. Methodology: Yeasts were isolated from extreme domestic environments using Sabouraud Dextrose medium. The isolates were characterized morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically. It was also evaluated the expression of different virulence factors. Molecular techniques were used to identify the species to which they belong. Results: One hundred one microbial strains were isolated from five departments. From these, twelve yeasts that express different virulence factors were selected, including the production of hemolysins, proteases, and the ability to penetrate agar-based medium. The strains belong to ten species, with the genus Candida being the most frequent, followed by the genus Rhodotorula. Conclusion: The extreme domestic environments of homes in the city of Cuenca, particularly dishwashers, are colonized by potentially pathogenic yeasts.
