Trabajos de Titulación - Bioquímica y Farmacia
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/27
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Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Peñaloza Fajardo, Walter Fabricio; Bermeo Coronel, Elizabeth Paola; Macías Matamoros, Andrea Fernanda; 0151045796; 0106694185Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Huanca Cueva, Hillary Dayana; Ortiz Tejedor, Jonnathan Gerardo; 0706497807Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis del sistema de gestión documental de calidad de laboratorios clínicos privados de la ciudad de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Medina Santillán, Lizbeth Andrea; Leyton Delgado , Geanella Raquel; Martínez León, Maritza del Rosario; 0604070284; 0943665307Introduction: Document management is a crucial aspect of the functioning of clinical laboratories, as it ensures the quality and compliance of clinical results following national and international regulations. Objective: To analyze the compliance of quality indicators in the document management systems of private clinical laboratories in Cuenca following ISO 15189 standards and the guidelines of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP, by its Spanish acronym). Methodology: The applied study was qualitative and cross-sectional, including surveys in low-complexity laboratories to evaluate document quality indicators. Results: The clinical laboratories demonstrate high levels of compliance in permission control (91.7%) and quality records (100%) according to regulations but moderate compliance in non-conformity management and corrective actions (58%). The main limitations include insufficient resources and training, inadequate infrastructure, and low adherence to non-priority indicators. Conclusion: The document management indicators of clinical laboratories were analyzed, showing notable compliance with several parameters of ISO 15189 standards and MSP guidelines. Although quality and technical records achieved 100% adherence, areas for improvement were identified in detecting non- conformities and in corrective and preventive actions. The main limitations include insufficient resources and training, inadequate infrastructure, and low adherence to non-priority indicators.Ítem Acceso Abierto Ambientes domésticos de la Costa Ecuatoriana como reservorios de levaduras potencialmente patógenas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Suña Solano, Evelyn Johanna; Vega Lema, Bryan Fabricio; Buela Salazar, Lenys Margarita; 0350274965; 0302323936Introduction: Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of global mortality, transmitted by microorganisms in human environments. Urbanization has altered human exposure to these microorganisms, affecting immune health. Domestic environments, such as dishwashers and drains, serve as reservoirs of extremophile microorganisms capable of surviving in extreme conditions. Objective: To determine the diversity of cultivable yeasts that colonize extreme domestic environments in the coastal region of Ecuador. Methodology: Samples were collected from biofilms, drains, and dish dryers, followed by primary isolation, which was cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose agar. Each isolate was characterized morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically. Before characterization, virulence factors were evaluated, and molecular techniques were used to identify the species to which it belongs. Results: Ten locations were selected, from which 28 microbial strain isolates were obtained. From these strains, 12 yeasts were identified, and various virulence factors were determined, including hemolysin, protease, and lipase. PCR amplification of the ITS region revealed that the most common strains belonged to the genera Candida metapsilosis and Kodamaea ohmeri. Conclusion: The prevalence of pathogenic yeasts in domestic environments is highlighted, which has implications for human health in the coastal region of Ecuador.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis del sistema de gestión de calidad técnica en fase preanalitica, en laboratorios clínicos privados de la ciudad de Cuenca.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Figueroa Balladares, Diana Fernanda; Rodríguez Barrera, Jesenea Paulina; Guamán Sánchez, María Fernanda; 0150062479; 0605221308Introduction: It is important to implement a technical quality management system in the pre-analytical phase of private clinical laboratories to reduce and avoid errors and guarantee reliable and efficient results in laboratory tests. Objective: This research aimed to analyze the technical quality management systems of private clinical laboratories in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: To develop this thesis, a qualitative, observational, descriptive- explanatory research design is used, conducted through quality management audits of private clinical laboratories in Cuenca that have an operating permit granted by the ACESS (Agency for Quality Assurance in Health Services and Prepaid Medicine). Results: It was observed that 70% of the intervened laboratories comply with the technical quality standards, although the majority of laboratories comply with the standardized request and sample handling, only 80% correctly follow the identification procedures, and none keeps a daily record of sample entry. Conclusion: The analysis of the technical quality management systems in the private clinical laboratories of Cuenca shows general compliance with the ISO 15189:2012 Standard, although areas for improvement persist. The least met indicators are related to traceability and internal control. In addition, limitations were identified such as lack of resources, insufficient training and difficulties in updating procedures. It is essential to implement continuous improvement strategies to optimize technical and operational quality in the city's laboratories.Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Jimbo Condo , Mateo Josué; Moran Prado , Michael Esteban; Torres Segarra, Silvia Monserrath; 0106110539; 0105308381Ítem Acceso Abierto Presencia de levaduras potencialmente patógenas en ambientes extremos domésticos del Oriente ecuatoriano(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) García Marín, Andrés Nicolás; Lazo Alvarado, Julio Humberto; Yarzabal Rodríguez, Luis Andrés; 0106434590; 0106047491Introduction: This research identified and characterized potentially pathogenic yeasts in extreme domestic environments, specifically in dishwashers in the Amazon region of eastern Ecuador. Objective: To evaluate the survivability of yeasts under adverse conditions and their potential to cause infections in humans Methodology: Dishwasher samples were collected from households and cultured on Sabouraud Agar to isolate yeasts. Subsequently, the isolates were morphologically and microscopically characterized, and virulence tests, such as hemolysis and phospholipase production, were performed. Molecular identification was conducted by amplification of the ITS region of the DNA, followed by sequencing and analysis with the BLASTN program to determine the species present. Results: The results showed the presence of several yeast species, including Candida and Rhodotorula. Some strains showed resistance to high temperatures (up to 40°C) and the ability to produce phospholipases and hemolysins. However, no proteolytic activity was detected in the isolates. Conclusion: The findings suggest that yeasts present in extreme domestic environments could potentially risk human health, especially in immunocompromised individuals.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis del sistema de gestión de calidad de laboratorios clínicos privados de la ciudad de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Barrera Coronel , Stephanie Jhomayra; Mora Plaza , Gabriela Kimberly; Martínez León , Maritza del Rosario; 0107208506; 0106779366Introduction. Quality management in clinical laboratories is essential to ensure the reliability, safety, and validity of the results. This system includes a documental and technical component and is divided into three phases: pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical. The first phase is the most prone to errors. Objective. This research aimed to evaluate the compliance of private laboratories in Cuenca with the Quality Management System, focusing on the pre-analytical phase in accordance with ISO 15189 standards. Methodology. Non-probabilistic sampling was conducted, selecting 14 laboratories in the city to be audited. Descriptive statistics were applied for frequency analysis to obtain qualitative data. Results. Seventy-three percent (73%) of the laboratories complied with the parameters of the pre-analytical phase, while Document Management achieved 100% compliance, and Technical Management showed a compliance rate of 64%. The primary limitations found in these laboratories were a lack of personnel (28%), knowledge (44%), and resources (28%). Conclusion. The pre-analytical phase was the most problematic in terms of inaccuracies among the phases of analysis in Cuenca’s laboratories. The most significant challenges were the lack of personnel, scarcity of resources, and considerable lack of knowledge. Improvement in these areas could reduce errors and increase the accuracy of results in the city's clinical laboratories.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de la cardiotoxicidad de los fitoquímicos presentes en el Aconitum napellus utilizando modelos QSAR(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Encalada Moreira, Camila Alejandra; Vicuña Calle, Mayerline Daniela; Carpio Arévalo , Juan Marcelo; 0303023899; 0940605538Introduction: Aconitum napellus is a native plant from Europe and Asia that has been historically used in traditional medicine for its recognized analgesic properties. However, it is also known for its toxicity, since its inadequate intake can cause harmful effects, including cardiotoxicity. However, not all the phytochemicals present in the plant have been fully evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the cardiotoxicity of phytochemicals found in Aconitum napellus using QSAR models. Methodology: Basic, quantitative and explanatory research studying 111 phytochemicals of Aconitum napellus using QSAR models available at ADMETLab and PredhERG. Results: A total of 111 phytochemicals found in the Lotus database were analyzed, all of them present in Aconitum napellus, including aconitine and its isomers, which stood out for their cardiotoxic potential derived from the blockade of the hERG protein. Conclusion: The study confirmed the cardiotoxicity mainly of the alkaloids, aconitine, its isomers or analogues, which have a high probability of blocking the hERG protein.Ítem Acceso Abierto Levaduras psicrotolerantes en ambientes extremos domésticos de la Sierra Ecuatoriana(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Camposano Reyes , Evelyn Tatiana; Serrano Vera , Daniela Fernanda; Yarzabal Rodríguez, Luis Andrés; 3040031043; 0107419178Introduction: Psychrotolerant yeasts in extreme domestic environments have been little studied in Latin America, particularly in Ecuador. The lack of knowledge about them could represent a public health problem, as prevention and hygiene measures have not been established to avoid infections caused by this type of yeast. Objective: To determine the diversity of psychrotolerant yeasts in extreme domestic environments in the Ecuadorian highlands. Methodology: The methods to be used include culture and macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the cultured yeasts, estimation of optimal growth temperature, expression of virulence factors, DNA extraction, amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, DNA electrophoresis in agarose gels, sequencing, and sequence analysis with BLAST-N and molecular phylogeny. Isolate, characterize, and identify strains of domestic extremophilic yeasts. This will likely include potentially pathogenic species. Results: An exhaustive selection of 12 yeast morphotypes , which showed clear differences after undergoing purification processes, was carried out. Among the isolates studied, some strains are phylogenetically very close to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Yamadazyma takamatsuzukensis, and Barnettozyma species. Conclusion: The sinks in the apartments in the city of Cañar show a wide diversity of psychrotolerant yeasts, capable of developing at low temperatures and at 37 degrees Celsius. This finding suggests these yeasts have acquired metabolic adaptations to survive extreme environmental conditions.Ítem Acceso Abierto Determinación microbiológica de staphylococcus aureus en quesos artesanales en mercados de la ciudad de Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Rodriguez Delgado, Angela Estefanía; Tacuri Chungata , Michelle Catalina; Macías Matamoros, Andrea Fernanda; 1722262712; 2300704372Introduction: The microbiological presence in artisanal cheeses refers to the quantity and type of microorganisms that may be found in these products, some of which are beneficial or pathogenic. This aspect is essential to ensure food safety and product quality, as improper handling can promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria. Objective: To determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in artisanal cheeses from four markets in the city of Cuenca using Compact Dry X-SA plates. Methodology: This is a descriptive study in which 40 samples of fresh artisanal cheese sold in the following markets were collected: “9 de Octubre,” “10 de Agosto,” “27 de Febrero,” and “3 de Noviembre” (10 samples per market). Compact Dry X- SA plates and Mannitol Agar were used for the cultures, allowing the growth of S. aureus. Confirmatory tests were performed: catalase, coagulase, and DNase. Results: Of the 40 samples analyzed, 25% exceeded the limit of 10² CFU/mL established by the Ecuadorian Standardization Service (INEN, by its Spanish acronym) 1528:2012. All samples from the “9 de Octubre” and “10 de Agosto” markets tested positive for S. aureus growth on Mannitol Salt Agar, whereas no growth was observed in any plates from the “27 de Febrero” and “3 de Noviembre” markets. Eighty percent (80%) of the samples tested positive for catalase, 47.5% for coagulase, and 17.5% for DNase. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was determined that the “10 de Agosto” market had the highest presence of S. aureus, considering the samples that were too numerous to count, which exceeded 250 colonies.Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Toledo Tibipa, Lizbeth Irene; Rivera Tuba, Jonathan Xavier; 1401238934Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Benavidez Llanos , Natalia Elizabeth; Chicaiza Guanga, Ximena Alexandra; Torres Segarra, Silvia Monserrath; 0105866545; 0106381478Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pineda Delgado, Cintya Jakeline; Villamar Flores , Wagner Steven; Ortiz Tejedor, Jonnathan Gerardo; 0150822153; 0704543883Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pineda Delgado, Cintya Jakeline; Villamar Flores, Wagner Steven; Ortiz Tejedor, Jonnathan Gerardo; 0150822153; 0704543883Ítem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sarmiento Tapia , Karla Isabel; Palomeque Zeas, María Paula; Araujo Campoverde , María Viviana; 0105647903; 0350331351Ítem Acceso Abierto Determinación de Staphylococcus aureus en bases líquidas de maquillaje expendidas en el mercado 9 de octubre de la ciudad de Cuenca- Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Andrade Arias , Mauricio Lenin; Cox Eras, María Sol; Araujo Campoverde, María Viviana; 0105689061; 2200237622Introduction: The microbiological safety of cosmetic products is a growing concern due to their direct contact with the skin and the possibility of causing infections if contaminated. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a microorganism that, due to its ability to colonize the skin and mucous membranes, represents a significant health risk, especially in daily-use products such as liquid foundation. Objective: This research aimed to determine the presence or absence of S. aureus in liquid foundation sold in the “9 de Octubre” Market, Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: The research methodology was descriptive and observational, with a qualitative cross-sectional approach. Cultures were prepared using Petri dishes with Modified Letheen Agar (MLA) and seeded in duplicate. The colonies identified were transferred to mannitol salt differential agar and confirmatory biochemical tests were performed. Results: After analyzing 40 liquid foundation samples on differentiation agar (Mannitol salt), the presence of S. aureus was determined in only two different brands of the samples. Biochemical tests confirmed the presence of S. aureus in these samples. Conclusion: The analysis of the liquid foundation in this study determined a low prevalence of S. aureus. In conclusion, the positive results obtained are not representative to generalize the contamination of this cosmetic productÍtem Embargo Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Godoy Illescas, Angel Josue; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 0106315765Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación in silico de los derivados de flavonoides como inhibidores de la PBP2a Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Espinoza Reyes , Einsteen Angel; Carpio Arévalo, Juan Marcelo; 0705880466Introduction: Antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus generates infections that make treatment difficult, especially in patients with compromised immune systems. Therefore, molecular docking studies have been conducted as a new alternative to treat these infections and intervene in the virulence factors. Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory activity of flavones by an in silico essay against the Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a) enzyme of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: To develop this thesis, an in silico experimental design with a quantitative approach was used to evaluate the following aspects: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) properties, interactions, and energy levels of the 30 flavones, using molecular docking to interact with PBP2a of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The affinity of each flavone to interact with the PBP2a enzyme was evaluated by molecular docking, obtaining different energy levels of the 5 best molecules, ranging between 10.7 and 9 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The data collected in this study shows the antibacterial effects of flavones and their potential use as a new antimicrobial to aid in the treatment of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Gualpa Cox, Marcos Moises; Lopez Salazar , Juan Fernando; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 0942190398; 0105539621
