Estilos de crianza como factores de riesgo para depresión y ansiedad en población infantil.

Abstract

Parenting styles refer to the different ways in which parents or caregivers raise andceducate their children. These parenting techniques are influenced by cultural norms, values, and beliefs and can affect a child's socialization and social skills. This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and levels of depression and anxiety in children through a systematic literature review using a qualitative descriptive approach. The literature review was conducted by searching scientific databases and virtual libraries, focusing on research published between 2018 and 2024. Inclusion criteria included literature published in scientific journals and academic sources, studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Latin America, and studies addressing childhood depression and anxiety. The research justification was based on the significant impact of parenting styles on the child’s emotional and mental health. The study identified specific parenting styles, such as authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, and democratic, and their influence on the development of anxiety and depression in children. In summary, adopting a democratic parenting style and creating a healthy family environment is crucial for promoting positive socioemotional development and preventing emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. Finally, it was also noted that early detection of anxiety and depression in children is crucial for their well-being and that there are tools available to detect these disorders.