Diseño e innovación de anclajes en Bambú: un catálogo estructural para viviendas sostenibles en la Cultura Shuar

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to design innovative bamboo anchoring systems through a structural catalog adapted to the construction practices of the Shuar culture, aiming to promote environmental sustainability and preserve the cultural heritage of the Kumpas community in Sucúa, Ecuador. The research addresses the problems of deforestation and the lack of economic resources by proposing bamboo as a viable alternative due to its strength, availability, and low environmental impact. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with seven local builders and four experts in bamboo construction, direct observation, and field data analysis. The results showed that 71.4% of builders use bamboo in their constructions and 100% consider the preservation of traditional techniques a key aspect. Mechanical tests carried out on bamboo showed that artificial drying significantly increases its strength and stiffness, with an average maximum load of 2,650 kgf (artificially drying), surpassing green and naturally dried bamboo. The community and experts validated that the catalog of innovative anchoring systems provides technical solutions that balance tradition and innovation, improving the durability and efficiency of constructions. This work offers a practical and sustainable approach to construction in Amazonian communities.