Trabajos de Titulación - Ingeniería Ambiental
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/42
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Estudio de la cobertura vegetal y cambio de uso de suelo mediante sistemas de información geográfica en la reserva de biósfera Bosque Seco en el periodo 2010-2020(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Barreto Panamito, Eduarda Dacit; Solano Peláez , José Luis; 1150499224This study analyzed the evolution of vegetation cover and land use in the "Bosque Seco" Biosphere Reserve between 2010 and 2020, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The methodology included thematic mapping and vegetation models, as well as the use of map algebra to develop transition models that identified changes in land use and vegetation. The results showed significant transformations in 31,000 hectares, with the conversion of native forest to agricultural land reflecting human pressure on the ecosystem. There was also a 160% increase in infrastructure areas, evidencing agricultural expansion and urban development. In response, a management and restoration plan was designed for the reserve’s buffer zone, proposing conservation tactics such as reforestation of affected areas, the creation of ecological corridors to preserve biodiversity, and sustainable agricultural practices to reduce impacts. The study provides a detailed analysis of the changes in vegetation cover and land use, establishing a solid foundation for future conservation and sustainability initiatives in the region.Ítem Acceso Abierto Propuesta de Biocorredor de conectividad entre la Laguna Busa, San Martín y Zhogra, Cantones Girón y San Fernando(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sari Antunish, Shiram Mercedes; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; 0150626703; LeonardoAnthropogenic activities constitute a significant risk to lacustrine ecosystems and their services, emphasizing the need to propose conservation and restoration measures. This study was conducted in the Busa, San Martín, and Zhogra lagoons, suggesting the establishment of ecological connectors to facilitate species movement and promote biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. This work mainly aims to analyze water quality using the Water Quality Index of the National Sanitation Foundation (WQI- NSF) method in the lagoons and identify prevalent human activities in the surrounding areas. Based on this, the study area was analyzed using ArcGIS software to delineate core areas, including native forests, shrublands, and herbaceous vegetation zones. From this, sustainable land management strategies are recommended, such as land use regulation, preservation of vulnerable ecosystems, and passive and active restoration efforts to ensure the functionality, structure, and resilience of areas designated as bio-corridors. In this way, the objective is to safeguard biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services such as climate regulation, water and soil conservation, ecotourism, and environmental education.Ítem Acceso Abierto Estimación de la producción de gas metano en los sitios de disposición final de residuos sólidos en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Zhicay Gómez, Jessica Daniela; Solano Peláez, José Luis; 0107497778; García Calle, Anthony AlxanderThis research aims to estimate methane (CH4) production generated by waste and/or municipal solid waste (MSW) in Ecuador on a cantonal level according to the final disposal sites (FDS) where they are deposited. A Corenostos model was used, and geographic information systems were presented, which is fundamental due to the polluting potential of this gas. Obtaining the amounts of these emissions will allow better practices in the integrated management of MSW, becoming the first national database on CH4 emissions generated in a historical period between the years 2014-2023 and a predictive one between 2024 - 2058. This information provides specific data to each of the 221 cantonal governments of the country, which will be able to make decisions to improve their systems for an adequate quality of life in their jurisdictions. The base information comes from an ex-situ exploration in websites such as the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC by its Spanish acronym) and other scientific information sources. Finally, the results revealed that CH4 production for the 2014-2023 period was 1288.15 kton, and for the 2024-2058 total period was 5650.61 kton.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sinchi Sinchi, Benito Fabián; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; 0106104037;Ítem Acceso Abierto Calidad del aire en tres parques recreacionales del Cantón Cuenca, Ecuador mediante el uso de Bioindicadores Liquénicos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Orrala Vásquez, Doménica Daniela; Alvarez Vera, Manuel Salvador; 0106549009; García Calle, Anthony AlxanderThe study assessed the air quality in three recreational parks in Cuenca, Ecuador, using lichen bioindicators in the La Luz, Tarqui-Guzho, and Ictocruz parks. Primary data regarding the physicochemical air quality were collected on-site from the bioindicators, and secondary data were obtained from the Municipal Mobility Company, EMOV-EP. Ictocruz Park has a more extraordinary species richness than Tarqui-Guzho and La Luz. The atmospheric purity index showed that Ictocruz has better air quality than Tarqui-Guzho and La Luz. Significant differences were found in the Air Quality Index (AQI) by pollutant, with PM2.5 AQI being noteworthy. The study confirmed the reliability of the Atmospheric Purity Index for assessing air quality in urban environments, suggesting the effectiveness of lichens as indicators. These results underscore the importance of using bioindicators to monitor air quality continuously and systematically, along with the need for interdisciplinary strategies for effective environmental management in the city.Ítem Acceso Abierto Fitorremediación de suelos contaminados en mecánicas automotrices, utilizando Lolium perenne y Medicago sativa, en laboratorio(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Moreno Molina, Jorge Andrés; Martínez Vega, Augusto Polibio; 0106579568; García Calle, Anthony AlxanderOne of the most prevalent environmental issues is soil contamination due to the spillage of harmful elements, such as automotive residual oil, causing negative impacts on soil's properties and productive capacity. Phytoremediation is an efficient alternative that uses the capacity of certain plant species to extract different contaminants. This research project aimed to analyze the remediation capability of two plant species (Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa) in soils contaminated with automotive residual oils using experimental methods. The findings revealed that, although both selected species have a good capacity for contaminant extraction, Lolium perenne proved to be more efficient. In the case of Lolium perenne, treatment with 25 seeds degraded 44% of the contaminant, and treatment with 50 seeds degraded 54%, being the most effective. In contrast, for Medicago sativa, treatment with 25 seeds degraded 23% of the contaminant, which is the least efficient, and treatment with 50 seeds degraded 39%.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Palomeque Pazmiño, Alejandra Jacqueline; García Calle, Paula Milena; 0105993703; García Calle, Anthony AlxanderÍtem Acceso Abierto Estudio comparativo espacio temporal de las concentraciones de PM10 en la zona urbana del Cantón Cuenca, entre los años 2014 - 2022(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pinos García, Leslie Melissa; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; 0104878939This study aimed to determine the concentration of PM10 particulate matter in the urban area of the canton of Cuenca during the period between 2014 and 2022. It focused on performing a spatiotemporal analysis that included identifying pollution levels and comparing them with current legal regulations. The study was divided into three phases: i) data collection from three meteorological stations, ii) multi-temporal analysis of the PM10 pollutant by combining multispectral remote sensing imagery, and iii) analysis and interpretation of the results obtained. During the analysis, it was established that the station in the Municipality of Cuenca (MUN) had the highest concentrations of the pollutant, possibly due to its location in the center of the urban area, where vehicle density is significant. For the years 2014 and 2017, a trend ranging from -0.4 to -0.5 PM10 (ug/m3) was identified, while in the year 2018, an increase in the pollutant was recorded. From 2019 to 2020, a decrease in particulate matter concentrations was verified, reaching a minimum of -2.0 PM10 (ug/m3). This phenomenon could be attributed to measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in 2021, an increase in the pollutant was observed, exceeding 0.5 PM10 (ug/m3), and from this year on, an upward trend in the concentrations of this pollutant was verified.Ítem Acceso Abierto Propuesta de implementación de la Norma ISO 14001 en el sistema de gestión de residuos sólidos de la Mancomunidad EMGIRZAPP-EP(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Torres Armijos , Erika Solange; Martínez Vega, Augusto Polibio; 0706221348; Maldonado, LeonardoThis study was implemented in the solid waste management system of the Joint Public Company of Solid Waste of Zaruma, Atahualpa, Piñas y Portovelo (EMGIRZAPP – company name). It aimed to propose implementing an efficient environmental management system for the organization. Initially, documented information was reviewed, followed by monitoring the collection and sweeping, subsequent disposal process, and administering simple surveys to the staff in charge of each process. The inter-municipal association analyzed comprises four cantons with more than 76,000 inhabitants. Proper association management was primarily hindered by poor source separation, inadequate leachate management in the landfill, and significant impacts on the physical environment, mainly on the soil, predominantly degraded due to loss of vegetation cover. Implementing the Global Harmonized System (GHS) will improve these aspects, and the EMGIRZAPP can be promoted as an environmentally, socially, and economically responsible entity.Ítem Acceso Abierto Identificación de cepas bacterianas fijadoras de nitrógeno dentro del cepario del CITT para su posterior experimentación en fabricación de biofertilizantes(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Ulloa Wilches, Martin Alejandro; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; 0107341422; García Calle, Anthony AlxanderSeveral agricultural strategies, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, have been used to maximize yields. A sustainable alternative involves green technologies, such as biofertilizers based on soil microorganisms. The objective was to identify bacterial strains with nitrogen fixation capacity for a potential biofertilizer using biochemical techniques. A group of 67 strains was reactivated and analyzed to evaluate their potential. The microbiological study showed a predominance of flat colonies (81%), diversity in shapes, and bacilli (59%) among Gram-positive bacteria. It was also observed that irregular shapes predominated (30%), with white as the predominant bacterial color (43%), and medium-size strains as the most prevalent with 42%. Halo sizes between 20 and 10 mm show effectiveness in nitrogen fixation, with Acinetobacter Iwoffi and Providencia alcalifaciens highlighting. These results support the importance of these strains in sustainable agriculture and soil restoration.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación de grasas y aceites en aguas residuales de lavadora de vehículos Team Wash mediante filtrado a base de hoja de maíz(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Ortiz Espinosa, Mario Gonzalo; Iglesias Abad, Sergio Fernando; 0105532774This study analyzed wastewater samples from the "Team Wash" vehicle washing company. Physicochemical parameters were measured, including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), fats, and oils. Samples of untreated water (T0) were compared with samples treated with corn leaf-based filtration, rapid filtration (T1) with a retention time of 1 minute, and slow filtration (T2) with a retention time of 60 minutes. The latter removes up to 80% of fats and oils. However, after rapid and slow filtration, the COD concentration increased between 9802 mg/L and >15000 mg/L, with 500 mg/L being the maximum permissible concentration for discharge into public sewers in Ecuador. These samples were collected with the company's consent and evaluated in 5 trials. For each trial day, 3 liters were collected. The analyses were conducted at the Environmental Engineering Laboratory of the Center for Research and Technological Transfer (CITT by its Spanish acronym) at the Catholic University of Cuenca. The results showed a significant reduction in the concentration of fats and oils with the application of the treatments.Ítem Acceso Abierto Aprovechamiento del caucho de neumáticos fuera de uso en la elaboración de revestimiento para superficies desarrollado en la Ciudad de Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Tuba Ayala , Luis Paulino; González Salamea, Melva Francisca; 0105506802The utilization of rubber from end-of-life tires (ELTs) in coating production introduces an alternative that reduces the quantity of these wastes since the biggest problem of its generation is the amount disposed of in landfills or its potential source of contamination to water, air, and soil. In the conducted study, coatings were prepared using scrap rubber as a base and shredded rubber from ELTs at six different percentages, to which several hardness, compression, abrasion, and absorption tests were conducted to determine the characteristics and behavior of these materials to evaluate their potential use in recreational and playground areas. The results obtained showed favorable characteristics. The hardness of these coatings would not cause significant discomfort to individuals due to impacts caused by falls, and they would also recover from the constant pressures that these coatings may suffer due to the application of static loads. The combination of scrap rubber and shredded rubber, ranging from 60 and 75% is highly resistant and can be used in various areas such as parks, walkways, parking lots, and spaces with high pedestrian traffic. On the other hand, those containing between 15 to 45% shredded rubber are suitable for residential yards; additionally, they have a low susceptibility to moisture infiltration (highly waterproof), resistance to environmental temperature changes, durability, and require minimal maintenance.Ítem Acceso Abierto Diagnóstico de la calidad del agua para uso agrícola y ganadero en dos tributarios de la cuenca alta del río Cañar(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Padrón Ordóñez, Matheus Sebastián; Iglesias Abad, Sergio Fernando; 0302355102In this study, the Silante and San Pedro Rivers micro-watersheds were diagnosed, including their morphometric characteristics with geo-referenced information. In addition, it focuses on analyzing the physicochemical and microbiological properties of water for agricultural use. Likewise, surveys were applied to residents performing different activities within the study area, revealing the current state of the micro-watersheds. Additionally, the water quality was determined through the application of the United States ICA-NSF. Consequently, from the process of identification and evaluation of the morphometric characteristics, it was observed that the Silante River micro-watershed is in a youthful stage with significant erosive potential, while the San Pedro River micro-watershed is in a mature stage and a state of equilibrium; both micro-watersheds present problems such as garbage, household drainage, and waste from agriculture and livestock. The water quality in the study area had an average value of 53.29, which in The ICA-NSF index represents the medium quality water suitable for irrigation, and with prior potabilization, treatment can be used as drinking water. Keywords: micro-watersheds, water quality, ICA-NSF, characterization, waste, cropsÍtem Acceso Abierto Análisis multitemporal de la concentración del contaminante PM2.5 en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Reyes Redrovan, Jonnathan Patricio; Santillán Rodríguez, Vinicio Estuardo; 0106163363As one of the global health issues is air pollution due to particulate matter PM2.5, an analysis of this pollutant’s concentrations was conducted in Cuenca’s urban area. Based on multi-temporal research from 2013 to 2022, the study employed a combination of multispectral remote sensing images and PM2.5 concentrations from three permanent stations of EMOV EP (Municipal Mobility Company). The levels of alert, alarm, and emergency established by current environmental regulations were determined in the different urban parishes of Cuenca. The most significant concentration values were observed in the parishes near the city's historic center, possibly due to the number of vehicles circulating in the area, making it a harmful agent to the health of residents and merchants. A trend of increasing PM2.5 concentration was identified from 2013 to 2022, with a decline in 2020, where minimum concentration levels are presented, possibly because of the confinement measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic.Ítem Acceso Abierto Identificación de cepas bacterianas que intervienen en la solubilización del fósforo como base para procesos de Biorremediación(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Pinos Saquinaula, Mariela Cristina; Salazar Orellana, Marjorie Jazmín; 0106078660Phosphorus is a fundamental element for plant development; however, its presence in the soil is limited and can be depleted due to various natural processes such as erosion, leaching, and fixation. This study focused on reactivating 67 bacterial strains from the Ruth Moore mycotheque at the Center for Research, Innovation, and Technology Transfer (CIITT by its Spanish acronym). The main objective was to identify bacterial strains capable of solubilizing phosphorus using the specific culture medium known as NBRIP (National Botanic Research Institute’s phosphate growth medium). The results obtained through the halos formed by these bacterial strains allowed the identification of 40 species with the ability to solubilize phosphorus. A literature review was conducted to categorize these species into different groups: 9 species were previously identified by name as phosphorus solubilizers, 19 species were categorized as pathogenic, and three species were reported as non-solubilizers of phosphorus. However, they are used in various bioremediation processes and nine species lacked information regarding their ability to dissolve phosphorus. Notably, this literature review confirmed that Pseudomonas fluorescens stands out as the most effective and widely used in the production of bio inputs.Ítem Acceso Abierto Incidencia del cambio y uso de suelo en el ecotono hiporreico de la Cuenca del Machángara: variables físico químicas y macrobiota asociada (macroinvertebrados bentónicos)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Vanegas Argudo, Erika Paulina; Salazar Orellana, Marjorie Jazmín; 0150380582Land use change is a crucial phenomenon that has transformed landscapes and human communities in recent decades. Areas once covered by natural forests and moors have been replaced by agricultural land and urban areas, significantly impacting the environment and society. A comprehensive study was conducted in the Machángara River basin, analyzing water quality at five points along the river. The results revealed a decline in water quality as water flowed from the moors to the city. Satellite imagery was used to track changes from 2018 to 2023, evidencing urban expansion in Graiman and Ochoa León, and deforestation and conversion to agricultural land in Las Truchas and Ochoa León. These changes are directly related to human activities. The transformation of forested areas into urban or agricultural zones increases the load of pollutants and reduces aquatic biodiversity. The study established significant connections between physicochemical and biological water variables and changes in land use, especially in the populated area of Graiman. The presence of phosphates, suspended solids, and ammonium correlated with lower benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity and, thus, poor water quality. This highlights the importance of taking adequate measures to protect water quality and maintain the ecological equilibrium in the Machángara River basin.Ítem Acceso Abierto Modelos de distribución de especies de insectos polinizadores en cuatro cuencas de los altos Andes del macizo El Cajas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Sinchi Yunga, Santiago Javier; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; 0107204323Ítem Acceso Abierto Calidad del agua del sistema de riego Rumihurco y propuesta de un plan de manejo ambiental de la microcuenca La Estancia en el cantón Paute(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Ochoa Guevara, Freddy Rolando; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; 0106554009Ítem Acceso Abierto Modelo de calidad y rareza de hábitat de cuatro cuencas hídricas de los altos andes del macizo del Cajas para la valoración de sus servicios ecosistémicos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Duy Campoverde, Italo Alexander; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; 0107644924Ítem Acceso Abierto Propuesta de dimensionamiento y simulación de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para el centro cantonal de Pucará, Provincia del Azuay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Narvaez Cedillo, Nathaly Silvana; Matovelle Bustos, Carlos Marcelo; 0106299654
