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- ÍtemSolo MetadatosLa acción colectiva, experiencias desde el sector de economía social y solidaria en el Azuay.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Patiño Ludeña, Michelle de los Ángeles; Castillo Ortega, Yonimiller; 1106084393Collective action is the teamwork of different individuals who work together in solidarity and combine their efforts to achieve effective results. With this union, they create organizations and pursue a common goal. The objective of this research is to determine the experiences of collective action within the organizations of Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) in different cantons of the province of Azuay. To collect the information, a questionnaire was applied to 160 organizations of social and solidarity economy. The multivalent clustering technique was used to analyze the information. The results showed that the predominant experiences of collective action are teamwork, a high level of leadership, and the values of solidarity, respect, cooperation, and punctuality. The experiences in terms of SSE practices that predominate are medium and high levels of participation in community activities, the main positive aspect that has caused in the community is teamwork and the objectives on which the organization mainly focuses are economic, social, and community. From the cluster analysis, it was possible to determine the existence of two groups: the first with 59.1% of leaders with a greater tendency to collective action, with a rating of 4.17% on average, and the second group with 49.9% with an average rating of 3.50%.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de la Actividad Emprendedora y Crecimiento Económico del Ecuador, periodo 2004 - 2009(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2022) Ortega Tuapante, Junior Laureano; Banegas Campoverde, Christian Mauricio; 0106631351Ecuador es uno de los países con mayor número de emprendimientos en la región, pues en el año 2017 alcanzó el 29,6%, superior al promedio de la región (18,5%), a pesar de ello, en los últimos años los indicadores económicos no reportan un crecimiento sostenido. En tal virtud, surge como problemática el desconocimiento de la influencia que tienen las actividades de emprendimiento en la economía del país. Por lo que, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar el impacto que tienen los emprendimientos en los diferentes sectores en la variación del PIB del Ecuador, a través de una correlación y prueba t de student para muestras independientes. Los resultados muestran que ciertos sectores influyen directamente en el crecimiento económico, como es el de servicios, sin embargo, los emprendedores optan por el comercio por la baja inversión que representa. Código JEL: C5, C82, C87, E37
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de la Contribución de las Remesas a la Disminución de la Pobreza Multidimensional en el Cantón Santa Rosa y Gualaceo: Un Análisis comparativo.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2022) Torres Naranjo, Cinthia Elizabeth; Uzho Boni, Henry Oswaldo; Ugalde Vásquez, Andrés Francisco; 0705968238; 0106570435Las remesas son consideradas como una fuente importante de ingresos, que conlleva a la supervivencia de los hogares que las reciben, ayudando a satisfacer las principales necesidades básicas destinadas al consumo, vivienda, salud y educación. A su vez, se cree que las remesas llegan para aliviar las condiciones de pobreza, los impactos económicos inesperados, como también a diversificar la distribución de los ingresos. Esta investigación analiza cómo las remesas contribuyen a disminuir la pobreza multidimensional en los hogares perceptores ubicados en el cantón Santa Rosa (Provincia de El Oro) y el cantón Gualaceo (en la provincia del Azuay). Las similitudes y diferencias comparativas entre ambos fenómenos, como también el efecto mediador entre las variables de la pobreza multidimensional y las remesas. El estudio se ha desarrollado mediante el uso de una encuesta enfocada a los hogares de ambos cantones. A través del método econométrico de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (PLS), se concluyó que en el cantón Santa Rosa las remesas contribuyeron a una disminución en la pobreza por educación y en el cantón Gualaceo las remesas contribuyeron a una disminución en la pobreza por salud-alimentación. En ambos cantones, la variable pobreza por vivienda se relaciona con la pobreza por trabajo, es decir, la oferta laboral en el sector de la construcción está estrechamente relacionado con las condiciones de oferta de empleo. Finalmente, la variable remesas no presentó fiabilidad y consistencia frente al constructo de pobreza multidimensional, por lo que no se concluye con el análisis del segundo modelo, para ambos cantones.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de la innovación de las MiPymes de la CAPIA(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Orellana Orellana, Edison Xavier; Ortiz Lazo, Diego Fernando; 0106142839This scientific article aims to analyze innovation development in the MSMEs of the Chamber of Commerce of the Small Industry of Azuay (CAPIA by its Spanish acronym). For these purposes, theories and concepts of innovation in MSMEs were presented, and indicators were established to measure innovation: economic, effectiveness, culture, and intensity. This research used a descriptive, documentary, and field methodology with a quantitative approach that established these entities' innovation levels through a survey applied to 94 MSMEs in Azuay. In fact, as a result, it was found that 44.7% of the entities are innovative and 37.1% are highly innovative, of which food companies, and graphic industries, among others, are more remarkable. Concerning the few innovators, 25% refers to the chemical industry, 17.65% to ICTs and services, 9.09% to clothing, and 40% to wood and cork. Therefore, it is concluded that these entities need accompaniment and technical advice to strengthen their knowledge of innovative methodologies to improve at the short-term organizational, economic, and commercial levels.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de la Relacion entre Crecimiento Económico y Pobreza en el Ecuador Periodo 2007 - 2017(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2021) Carrillo Tixi, Verónica Alexandra; Campoverde Cajas, Rosario Beatriz; 0106698467In this research, the relationship between economic growth and poverty in Ecuador in the period 2007 – 2017 is analyzed. For this, it presents theoretical approaches and definitions of growth, relevant studies of the relationship between economic growth and poverty, and then make a descriptive analysis of the evolution of economic growth and income poverty in Ecuador in the period under study. Finally, the relationship between economic growth and poverty is analyzed through econometric modeling following an approach to the methodology used by Campos and Monroy- Gómez- Franco (2016), with the variables GNP per capita and income poverty for the period under study. The results found are consistent with the literature reviewed, that is, economic growth presents an inverse relationship with income poverty that is statistically significant. This means that as the economy grows, there is an impact on poverty reduction in Ecuador for the period studied.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de las importaciones ecuatorianas: un enfoque de series temporales para el periodo dolarizado 2000-2020(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Choco Yunga, Melissa Del Cisne; Ugalde Vásquez, Andrés Francisco; 0105465843The study of imports within a country can be related to its growth and development in several ways, some of which have a particular transcendence given the situation. Therefore, this research aims to analyze import behavior in Ecuador during the dollarization, considering that imports are part of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The study is focused on demonstrating whether the import behavior is related to the GDP behavior. For this purpose, different theories were studied to justify the research; these theories define imports as the acquisition of raw materials, products, or goods that are not produced within a country and that arrive with a better production process, industrialization, or commercialization. In contrast, GDP is the total goods or services produced domestically. For data collection, macroeconomic information from the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE by its Spanish acronym) was used as a reference, with quarterly cutoff for the period 2000-2020. In the data analysis stage, an ARMA model for time series was applied, which made it possible to conclude, after processing the variables, that a change in imports is related to a change in GDP by 55%.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de los emprendimientos sociales en el Ecuador: un enfoque en el sector ganadero de Tarqui durante los períodos 2019-2021(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Buestan Pérez, John Efraín; Andrade Amoroso, Rolando Patricio; 0105897342At present, social entrepreneurship has emerged as a response to the labor precariousness found not only in Ecuador but in various parts of the world. Therefore, it is a dynamic element of the economy. For this reason, the study sought to analyze the reality in which the livestock entrepreneurs of the parish of Tarqui are operating in the face of the economic difficulties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. A non-experimental design methodology was used with a transversal, documentary, descriptive, and field methodology to meet the stated objective. Therefore, the approach was qualitative, for which surveys were applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 20 enterprises. The results allowed us to identify that livestock farmers in the parish of Tarqui were forced to reduce the size of their herds while others closed their farms completely. This was due to the low demand and income that did not allow them to stay afloat to meet their daily expenses. Moreover, the continued restrictions imposed by the government to prevent the spread of the virus have drastically reduced the number of visitors and tourists coming to the area.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de los factores de crecimiento económico de las MIPYMES del cantón Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Molina Patiño, Jhony Javier; Ortiz Lazo, Diego Fernando; 0350154258This research aims to analyze the main factors affecting the economic growth of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the canton of Cuenca. An extensive review of various authors' studies, theories, and concepts was conducted to gather relevant information on the subject. In addition, a questionnaire was applied to 235 MSMEs. The sampling approach involved economic sector stratification with a 95% confidence level, an acceptable margin of error not exceeding 5%, and a constant proportion of 0.5 reflecting the phenomenon in the population. The findings revealed that the developers of business growth, such as motivation, knowledge management, and economic and technological environment, corresponding to the strategies of concentric, horizontal, and cluster diversification that are part of the life cycle perspective, have the most significant influence on business economic growth in MSMEs in the canton of Cuenca.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis del clima organizacional caso Banco del Austro(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Ortiz Erraez , Brian Javier; Campoverde Cajas , Rosario Beatriz; 0106481567A pooled fund is a method of financial management in which all revenues from the transportation service are consolidated and managed in a single fund. This centralization provides a more accurate view of the financial situation, simplifying resource planning, monitoring, and control. In this context, this research aims to analyze the economic impact on the pooled fund, identifying trends, challenges, and opportunities for the sustainable economic development of the Transportation Cooperative Uncometro S.A. in the period 2021-2023. A quantitative methodological approach of bibliographic and field type was used, supported by the financial statements and collections of pooled funds of the 55 transportation units that conform to this company in the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. The results reveal a steady increase in revenues and progress in financial and operational management over the 2021-2023. However, fluctuations in expenses and revenues among companies in the sector indicate that they face significant challenges that must be addressed to ensure stability and sustained growth. In conclusion, the implementation of pooled collection at Transportation Cooperative Uncometro S.A. has produced significant benefits, improving financial stability, promoting a more equitable income distribution, and optimizing operational effectiveness.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosAnálisis del comercio informal de productos agrícolas realizado por mujeres de la parroquia Sinincay, cantón Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Sichiqui Pauta, Ronald Armando; Marcillo Chasy, Jennifer; 0104790522Considering the growing number of women farmers in informal commerce in different instances in Latin America and the lack of information on these groups as well as the challenges they face, the aim is to define the processes of marketing agricultural products and their characteristics, in terms of the food supply system, marketing processes, transportation and the use of public space. Under a mixed methodological design, data from a sample of agricultural women belonging to the Sinincay parish, canton Cuenca, was obtained, and using the technique of multiple factor analysis, the data of the groups of variables were analyzed individually and as a whole, which provided information on individuals or homogeneous groups. The presence of married and single women who have leased or owned land without debt and are dedicated exclusively to agricultural activities was highlighted.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis del impacto financiero del financiamiento público y privado en los emprendimientos del cantón Cuenca en el periodo 2019-2021(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Carpio Pacheco , María José; Ugalde Vásquez , Andrés Francisco; 0104597992In Ecuador, accessing financing faces challenges, ranging from the complexity and slowness of public sector processes to the rigid requirements imposed by private financial institutions, which makes it especially difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain the necessary resources. In this context, the study aimed to carry out a diagnosis of the actions and demand for credit or seed capital provided by financial institutions, both public and private, in entrepreneurship in the canton of Cuenca during 2019-2021. The quantitative and qualitative methodology involved a theoretical analysis of the role of financial institutions in business growth, the application of the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model between the opening and closing of enterprises and the Economically Active Population (EAP), and the demand for financing. Information was collected from public sources such as the Internal Revenue Service (SRI, by its Spanish acronym) and the Superintendency of Banks (SB). The results revealed that financing through credit unions significantly correlated with EAP, suggesting an essential role in supporting entrepreneurs and workers. Although private bank financing had a more fluctuating influence, both sources of financing played critical roles in the local economy. These findings highlight the relevance of financing in economic development and the need for effective policies to support entrepreneurship in the canton.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis del rendimiento e inclusión financiera en zonas rurales del cantón de Cuenca.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Parra Cabrera, Joseline Gabriela; Marcillo Chasy, Jennifer Nathaly; 0107131864The general objective of this article is to determine the performance and financial inclusion of rural sectors in Cuenca, given the identification of problems regarding their assets, portfolio balances, savings collection, and the limited supply of financial products from Popular and Solidarity Economy (EPS) actors. An observational, retrospective, descriptive, and correlational methodology was used, taking sixty-two Savings and Credit Cooperatives (COACs) by its acronym in Spanish in the province of Azuay as the population for the statistical analysis of Principal Components (PCA). For the survey, the population between the ages of 16 to 64 was interviewed, which under a finite sample was established at 384 individuals. The results obtained highlight the high correlation between the study variables in determining the financial performance of cooperatives in the rural sector, also showing that the COACs generate inclusion processes with greater "depth of outreach" through a greater physical presence than conventional financial institutions. As a result, new lines of research are being developed to solve the current conflicts and decision-making regarding financial performance in the rural area of Cuenca.
- ÍtemAcceso Abierto“Análisis económico del impacto de la eliminación de subsidios en Ecuador caso: Gasolina, Diésel y Glp”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Sisalima Shiña, Santiago Andrés; Tinto , Arandes Jaime; 0150085140This research assesses the economic impact of from removing subsidies on fossil fuels (diesel, gasoline, and LPG). In order to evaluate the fluctuations in the prices of production factors as a consequence of removing these subsidies, an ARIMA econometric time-series model is used to make projections of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), an Input-Output Matrix (IPM) of Ecuador with data from the year 2020, and the Leontief production equation, to determine the final demand of Ecuador until the year 2027. Once this is established, fuel subsidies are removed, which generates inflation in the prices of the production elements, affecting intermediate consumption, final demand, and total consumption. Based on these fluctuations, changes in the country's macroeconomic and sectoral indices are determined, establishing a link between the Input-Output Matrix (IPM) and the econometric ARIMA model. IPM is incorporated integrally in the macro model, allowing to solve one based on the other and vice versa.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoCrecimiento económico y su incidencia en la pobreza del Ecuador en el periodo 2007-2017(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Cando Lliguin, Mario Esteban; Ugalde Vásquez, Andrés Francisco; 0106629181This article studies the impact of economic growth on poverty in Ecuador during the period 2007-2017. For this purpose, the national surveys of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment provided by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC by its Spanish acronym) are considered. Thus, using microdata allows for a large sample size, which means that the estimates made using a linear probability model (LPM) can be considered reliable. Thus, there is a dichotomous dependent variable represented by poverty, while the explanatory variables are constituted by per capita income plus other predictors that serve a control function. The main findings of this study indicate that economic growth has a statistically significant impact on poverty reduction; however, this impact is economically modest. A 10% increase in per capita income leads to a probability that poverty decreases by less than 1%, and the sensitivity analysis using different specifications of the estimated model does not change the results, so they can be considered robust. This implies that public policy should focus on implementing complementary measures to economic growth to achieve the goal of reducing poverty in Ecuador
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosDeterminantes de la morosidad en los cantones de la zona 6 según la actividad económica caso cooperativa Jardín Azuayo, periodo 2016-2021(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Castro Cabrera, María Magdalena; Marcillo Chasy, Jennifer Nathaly; 0105892533This paper aims to establish the determinants of credit delinquency at “Jardín Azuayo” SACCO during 2016-2021 using variable characteristics of debtors such as demographic, financial, and credit granted. Firstly, a literature review establishes that macroeconomic factors (GDP, unemployment rate, inflation, wages, and exchange rate, among others) are closely related to the credit delinquency rate. Similarly, microeconomic factors that explain delinquency were identified and are used in this research. This study used 75,914 observations which, through the application of the logistic model (Logit), showed that variables such as loan amount, interest rate, the method of payment, loan term, number of loans within the institution, type of guarantee, debtor's occupation, and economic activity are related to the delinquency rate. Finally, in the presence of unbalanced data, the Smote algorithm was applied to improve the estimation, showing the change in the effect, from negative to positive, of household activities such as employers and transport-storage on delinquency and the positive relationship of agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry with the study variable is also significant.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEl efecto de la migración sobre el crecimiento económico ecuatoriano: análisis de series temporales en el periodo 2000-2020(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Cueva Ruilova, Lady Gabriela; Marcillo Chasi, Jennifer Nathaly; 0704747013This research aims to estimate an appropriate econometric model to determine the effect of migration on economic growth in Ecuador for the period 2000-2020. The analysis used the variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and remittances; the information was obtained from the Central Bank of Ecuador, with 80 observations. The first section reviews the literature on economic growth and migration. Then, an autoregressive vector model of order 4 was developed, in which it was determined that the model could explain 32% of the GDP variability. It is recommended that the impact be analyzed from a consumption and investment standpoint to understand how remittances are used in the country.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEfectos sociales del desempleo en Ecuador durante el periodo dolarizado 2000-2022(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Lema Guasco, Manuel Ambrocio; Guzmán Espinoza, Wilson Alejandro; 0302735964This study analyzes the relationship between unemployment, social inequality, poverty, and lack of access to health insurance in Ecuador during the period 2000-2022. Thus, the estimation of the Engle and Granger model was used to verify the absence of cointegration of the long-run series where the t-statistic is less than (-3.08) regarding the critical values. Additionally, an exogenous dichotomous regression d1 was used for the year 2020 and 2021 in the Autoregressive Vectors. From the analysis of the results, it was concluded that there is a correlation between the pandemic and the increase in population unemployment, which leads to an increase in income disparity, and in turn, to an increase in poverty levels, and greater difficulties in accessing health insurance coverage, which represents a lower development and welfare of the Ecuadorian society.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEl empleo y las ventas como medidas del desempeño de las Mipymes en la provincia del Azuay(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2023) Yuqui Qhizhpi, Michael David; Ortiz Lazo, Diego Fernando; 0105021778Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are the essence of productive activity, so this paper studies their characteristics in the province of Azuay and then analyzes their performance in terms of employment and sales considering two years, 2019 and 2021. The study was conducted based on a correlational analysis where three models were estimated (two semilogarithmic and one negative binomial). As a first descriptive result, it was determined that MSMEs promote local development, generate employment, and enable innovation in the productive sectors. Furthermore, the statistical analysis showed that the pandemic had led a decrease in employment in all sectors of MSMEs; however, despite this, sales have increased due to the positive performance of medium-sized enterprises. As for the regression analysis, it was found that there is a positive relationship between employment and sales variables in the log-linear models, with a statistically significant decrease in employment due to the COVID-19 effect. In contrast, the negative binomial model has no statistically or economically significant coefficients. Therefore, based on the findings, public policy intervention at the local and national levels is necessary to support MSMEs in Azuay.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEstimación del ciclo económico de Ecuador. Período 2000-2021(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Arévalo Delgado, David Renato; Vásquez Corral, David Bernardo; 0104477666This study analyzes the behavior of Ecuador's economic cycle concerning the components of economic activity, oil revenues, and remittances sent from abroad for the period 2000-2021. The Baxter-King filter and the results obtained with the Hodrick-Prescott filter were contrasted. Among the main findings, it is evident that consumption, public spending, investment, exports, imports, and oil revenues are pro-cyclical, while remittances show the opposite behavior. Finally, in the temporality analysis, the results differ in the filters; however, the Baxter-King filter adheres better to the economic theory.
- ÍtemAcceso Abierto“Gobernabilidad y liderazgo a nivel parroquial urbano del cantón Cuenca”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Erraez Morocho , Marco Antonio; Rosales Namicela , Mónica Briggith; 0106348576This article examines leadership and governance in Cuenca, the capital of the Azuay province. It is important to note that most of the population is concentrated in the urban area. A quantitative evaluation instrument was developed using a Likert scale questionnaire to determine the nature and scope of leadership and governance in the urban parish sphere of the Cuenca canton. The surveys were applied to 50 leaders of urban neighborhoods in the canton. Regarding leadership, there is a predominance of moderate skills, with 66% of participants in the middle category. In contrast, governance evaluation shows a marked dichotomy, with 50% of participants perceiving average levels. Analyzing the correlation between governance and leadership reinforces the interrelationship between these variables. Despite the significant association supported by the chi-square tests, it is essential to note the presence of cells with expected frequencies less than five.
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