Trabajos de Titulación - Economía
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/10724
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis del empleo generado por las Asociaciones del sector popular y solidario de la Zona 6 del Ecuador.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Loja Gallegos , Jorge Luis; Rosales Namicela , Mónica Briggith; 0107291386This work focuses on analyzing job creation by popular and solidarity sector associations in Zone 6 of Ecuador. Key patterns and characteristics that distinguish associations based on their capacity to generate full employment were identified through multivariate analysis techniques such as Multiple Component Analysis and clustering. The results show that certain clusters of associations, characterized by their affiliation with social security, legal benefits, and types of contracts, have a greater influence on job creation. Furthermore, the relationship between each cluster and the type of association is highlighted, leading to the main finding that agricultural associations are predominant in the first cluster, associations related to food, cleaning and maintenance, and textiles in the second cluster, while agricultural, food and textile associations dominate the third cluster. This allows for a better understanding of these organizations' role in the local economy. It can be stated that, although associativity has had a positive impact on job creation, the evidence shows that the research hypothesis regarding the creation of full employment is not fully achieved, as this depends much more on other factors such as investment levels, benefits characteristic of formality, and the implementation of public policies to strengthen less developed associations. This study provides a solid foundation for future research and the design of public policies to enhance the popular and solidarity sector.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de los Patrones de Commuting en Ecuador y su efecto en los salarios: Un estudio de las Regiones principales del País(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Sangolqui Iñiguez , Justin Paúl; Ontaneda Jiménez , Diego Danny; 0104079280This study analyzes commuting patterns and their effect on workers' wages in Ecuador. It uses data from the National Institute of Statistics and Census’ (2014) (INEC by its Spanish acronym) Living Conditions Survey and a Heckman selection model to correct selection bias. The research examines the demographic and mobility characteristics of commuters. It reveals that workers who commute short distances (less than one hour) have an average increase of 16.82% in their hourly earnings. In contrast, those who commute long distances do not experience a significant wage increase. These findings suggest that short-distance commuting is positively associated with higher profits. At the same time, long commutes do not offer proportional wage benefits, highlighting the importance of considering labor mobility in economic planning.Ítem Acceso Abierto Eficiencia de los bancos privados nacionales del Ecuador: Un enfoque semiparamétrico a través del análisis de frontera.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Pugo Tenecota , Wilson Geovanny; Cabrera Barbecho , Fanny Narcisa; 0106419468The financial sector plays a crucial role in the economy by facilitating access to business credit, which drives economic dynamism. Efficiency in this sector is a frequently analyzed topic, as many financial crises have been attributed to inefficient behavior. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of 23 national private banks in Ecuador from 2019 to 2022, using a semiparametric approach based on the methodology of Simar and Wilson. The data comes from the databases published by the Superintendency of Bankings and Insurance. The analysis calculated efficiency levels, and the interrelationships between efficiency and various control variables were explored, such as bank size, personnel expense management, delinquency rate, and the intermediation margin. The results show that medium-sized banks achieve the highest average efficiency, followed by large and small banks. This suggests that medium-sized banks are the most efficient, while small banks require significant improvements. Additionally, it was found that bank size and proactive management of expenses positively and significantly impact efficiency. On the other hand, arrears and the intermediation margin negatively affect efficiency. These findings underscore the importance of implementing adaptive strategies to maintain competitiveness in the Ecuadorian banking sector during the study period.Ítem Acceso Abierto El desempleo regional en el Ecuador. El rol de la heterogeneidad espacial a nivel cantonal en el periodo 2010-2022.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Sangurima Tenepaguay , Lisseth Maribel; Cabrera Barbecho , Fanny Narcisa; 0105753032The study aims to analyze regional unemployment in Ecuador and the role of spatial heterogeneity at the cantonal level in the period 2010-2022, identifying spatial patterns in the distribution of unemployment rates between cantons and determining the factors that explain these rates. The methodology uses a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, being developed in two stages: first, a spatial autocorrelation analysis using spatial weight matrices and the Moran I statistic to evaluate the spatial dependence between cantons; second, the application of spatial econometric models, including the General Nesting Spatial Model. The results, based on data from the 2010 and 2022 censuses with 217 cantons, reveal that construction employment affects the unemployment rate only in 2010, while population density and urbanization are relevant in 2022. The spatial models demonstrate significant correlations not captured by traditional models, showing that unemployment in a canton is correlated with neighboring cantons. Using the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, it was determined that the Autoregressive Spatial Model provides the best fit for the data, effectively capturing the spatial dependence between cantons and its direct and indirect effects on unemployment rates.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de riesgo de las acciones de la empresa HOLCIM S.A. en el mercado de valores en el periodo 2018-2023.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Orellana Simbaña , Jessica Adriana; Guzmán Espinoza , Wilson Alejandro; 0107283913This study examines the fluctuation in Holcim’s stock market value to develop an econometric model for observing and forecasting price variability. The research analyzes the company's performance based on daily prices from 2018 to 2023, reflecting declines due to financial health issues and external factors such as the pandemic. In addition, a forecast of the future value for the next 150 days is provided. The results show that Holcim's stock exhibit moderate volatility. Therefore, investors in Holcim should be prepared to assume a certain degree of risk due to the variability in stock prices. The AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) (25,1,6) model suggests a promising approach to forecasting actual prices. In contrast, the Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) volatility model effectively incorporates past conditional variances and predicts an expected return of 0.0124% for July 11. Its impact could significantly increase if it remains constant and accumulates over time due to compound interest. Finally, the models are effective in modeling changes in volatility, especially if these changes are sudden. However, they do not adequately capture structural or level changes in the data, as the stock market presents several fundamental issues, such as speculative risk, market fluctuations, governmental changes, and global events.Ítem Acceso Abierto Gobernanza de los bienes comunes de la cooperativa Alfonso Jaramillo León Caja, sede Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Cáseres Machuca , Katya Sofía; Rosales Namicela , Mónica Briggith; 0105410294The governance of common goods represents a management approach that seeks the democratic use of resources and participatory, inclusive decision-making in the popular and solidarity sector. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the Common Good Governance model in the “Alfonso Jaramillo León CAJA” Cooperative main office in Cuenca. This study followed a deductive method with a mixed investigative approach. The quantitative data collection technique used was a survey, for which the good public governance scale from the higher audit entities was applied to 97 workers and 14 managers. The studied variables included participation, accountability, transparency and access to information, efficiency and effectiveness, digital transformation, and human talent development. The results revealed that the governance of the commons was at a managed level. It is concluded that in the “CAJA” cooperative, governance is recognized and formalized within the organization, complying with legal regulations at a minimum level. However, it cannot address the basic operating needs, so it is encouraged to undergo constant performance evaluation based on identifying the needs of citizens and other parameters that guarantee good governance. Therefore, on a general average, it is at a managed level.Ítem Acceso Abierto Incidencia de los factores de apoyo familiar y financiero en el emprendimiento de estudiantes universitarios.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Celi Luzuriaga , David Abraham; Campoverde Cajas , Rosario Beatriz; 1104450505This study aims to determine the incidence of family support and financial support variables on the entrepreneurial ventures of university students of the Academic Department of Economics and Business Administration of the Catholic University of Cuenca. A logit model was implemented to assess how emotional and strategic family support from the family, along with adequate funding, affect the long-term viability of student ventures. Data were collected by surveying 68 entrepreneurial students strategically selected to represent various economic and business disciplines. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between family and financial support and the likelihood of ventures exceeding their first year of operation, highlighting the need for educational policies reinforcing these supports. The study emphasizes how a supportive environment can catalyze entrepreneurial success in emerging economy contexts.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Pereira Ojeda, Jonathan Leonsio; Vásquez Corral, David Bernardo; 0707275293Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Carabajo Ponce , Daniela Lisseth; Castillo Ortega , Yonimiler; 0150369346Ítem Acceso Abierto Productividad en la agricultura familiar en el caso de las parroquias de Victoria del Portete y Guarainag del Azuay-Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Barzallo Morquecho, Manuel Eduardo; Castillo Ortega, Yonimiler; 0350082756This study aims to determine productivity in family agriculture in the parishes of Victoria de Portete and Guarainag in Azuay, Ecuador. A methodology of linear regression, correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics was employed to examine the relationship between the dependent variable, which is family agricultural production, and the independent variables: knowledge transmission, the percentage contributed by family members, ownership of production by members, family tradition practices, investment, land size, labor, use of fertilization, input expenditure, monitoring of land use, phytosanitary products, irrigation practices, weed control, and certified seeds. The results revealed that the independent variables show a significant correlation with agricultural production. Strategies that promote greater training in the application of fertilizers, use of phytosanitary products, irrigation practices and frequency, optimization of invested resources, and consistent practices in the use of seeds are recommended.Ítem Acceso Abierto Gestión del conocimiento empresarial (Método de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales – PLS)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Delgado Márquez , Jessica Marisol; Castillo Ortega , Yonimiler; 0106676893The research aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge management and business effectiveness in Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the construction sector in Cuenca. The study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches involving a literature review and field investigation. A questionnaire was designed to collect data on knowledge management, while information on business effectiveness was obtained from indicators such as profit margin, return on investment (ROI), and asset turnover in SMEs from the construction sector in Cuenca-Azuay, specifically focusing on the hardware segment of that sector. A factor analysis was conducted to reduce constructs and obtain a more meaningful structure; additionally, the bootstrap method, a non-parametric process, was used to verify the statistical significance of the path coefficients. The results identified a significant correlation between knowledge management and business effectiveness. It is concluded that knowledge management positively impacts the business effectiveness of construction hardware SMEs in Cuenca.Ítem Acceso Abierto Gestión de la formación del talento humano en las PYMES del cantón Cuenca, sector comercio(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) León Arévalo, David Sebastián; Campoverde Cajas, Rosario Beatriz; 0105089973The management of human talent training has emerged as a strategic practice in human resources management, aiming to optimize the synergy between recruitment and personnel development. This quantitative, cross-sectional study is intended to analyze the characteristics of training management and its influence on human talent in commercial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the canton of Cuenca. Through surveys and multiple regression analysis, it was found that the constructs used for training management, such as quality management (QM), change management (CM), productivity (PRO), and compensation and benefits (C&B), are significantly related to the performance of human talent in SMEs. The results, supported by an R-squared of 0.608 and a Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.874, indicate that comprehensive training management aligned with organizational needs contributes to improving the performance and satisfaction of the personnel in the SMEs in Cuenca.Ítem Acceso Abierto Propuesta de marketing estratégico para el sector textil artesanal del cantón Gualaceo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Calle Maldonado , Jhoana Abigail; Rosales Namicela , Monica Brigith; 0107596736Handcrafted products have unique characteristics that set them apart from other mass-produced items; a well-designed marketing strategy highlights their authenticity, craftsmanship, and cultural heritage. This research aims to design a strategic marketing plan for the artisanal textile sector of the Gualaceo canton, focusing on macanas, footwear, and clothing. The methodology included interviews with producers and surveys of consumers to gain a comprehensive view of the market. The results allowed for a SWOT analysis, examining both the internal and external environment. For macanas, a pricing and advertising strategy based on costs is proposed. A product differentiation plan for footwear is suggested, emphasizing unique features to attract a specific niche of consumers. Finally, it is recommended that marketing channels for clothing be increased, seeking internationalization of these products. It is concluded that these strategies will significantly benefit the artisanal market of the Gualaceo canton, enhancing its visibility and competitiveness in the Ecuadorian market.Ítem Acceso Abierto Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto.(Universidad Caetólica de Cuenca, 2024) Bermeo Cabrera , Luis Santiago; Rosales Namicela, Monica Brigith; 0105285571Ítem Acceso Abierto “Proyecto de Titulación embargado para publicación. Estará disponible a la fecha de publicación o de cierre de embargo.”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2022) Otavalo Redrovan, Duglas Geovanny; Castillo Ortega, Yonimiller; 0107260457; Castillo OrtegaÍtem Acceso Abierto Análisis del clima organizacional caso Banco del Austro(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Ortiz Erraez , Brian Javier; Campoverde Cajas , Rosario Beatriz; 0106481567A pooled fund is a method of financial management in which all revenues from the transportation service are consolidated and managed in a single fund. This centralization provides a more accurate view of the financial situation, simplifying resource planning, monitoring, and control. In this context, this research aims to analyze the economic impact on the pooled fund, identifying trends, challenges, and opportunities for the sustainable economic development of the Transportation Cooperative Uncometro S.A. in the period 2021-2023. A quantitative methodological approach of bibliographic and field type was used, supported by the financial statements and collections of pooled funds of the 55 transportation units that conform to this company in the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. The results reveal a steady increase in revenues and progress in financial and operational management over the 2021-2023. However, fluctuations in expenses and revenues among companies in the sector indicate that they face significant challenges that must be addressed to ensure stability and sustained growth. In conclusion, the implementation of pooled collection at Transportation Cooperative Uncometro S.A. has produced significant benefits, improving financial stability, promoting a more equitable income distribution, and optimizing operational effectiveness.Ítem Acceso Abierto Efectos sociales del desempleo en Ecuador durante el periodo dolarizado 2000-2022(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Lema Guasco, Manuel Ambrocio; Guzmán Espinoza, Wilson Alejandro; 0302735964This study analyzes the relationship between unemployment, social inequality, poverty, and lack of access to health insurance in Ecuador during the period 2000-2022. Thus, the estimation of the Engle and Granger model was used to verify the absence of cointegration of the long-run series where the t-statistic is less than (-3.08) regarding the critical values. Additionally, an exogenous dichotomous regression d1 was used for the year 2020 and 2021 in the Autoregressive Vectors. From the analysis of the results, it was concluded that there is a correlation between the pandemic and the increase in population unemployment, which leads to an increase in income disparity, and in turn, to an increase in poverty levels, and greater difficulties in accessing health insurance coverage, which represents a lower development and welfare of the Ecuadorian society.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de las importaciones ecuatorianas: un enfoque de series temporales para el periodo dolarizado 2000-2020(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Choco Yunga, Melissa Del Cisne; Ugalde Vásquez, Andrés Francisco; 0105465843The study of imports within a country can be related to its growth and development in several ways, some of which have a particular transcendence given the situation. Therefore, this research aims to analyze import behavior in Ecuador during the dollarization, considering that imports are part of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The study is focused on demonstrating whether the import behavior is related to the GDP behavior. For this purpose, different theories were studied to justify the research; these theories define imports as the acquisition of raw materials, products, or goods that are not produced within a country and that arrive with a better production process, industrialization, or commercialization. In contrast, GDP is the total goods or services produced domestically. For data collection, macroeconomic information from the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE by its Spanish acronym) was used as a reference, with quarterly cutoff for the period 2000-2020. In the data analysis stage, an ARMA model for time series was applied, which made it possible to conclude, after processing the variables, that a change in imports is related to a change in GDP by 55%.Ítem Acceso Abierto Niveles de desempleo y pérdida de competitividad en la industria ecuatoriana post pandemia(Univeridad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Mercado Tacuri , Leonardo Paul; Ortiz Lazo , Diego Fernando; 0106809668This research aims to analyze the unemployment levels and loss of competitiveness in the Ecuadorian industry post-pandemic period 2021. A theoretical, synthetic-analytical, and inductive-deductive method was used to meet this objective, with a descriptive scope and a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. Qualitatively, a literature review was used, while quantitatively, a survey was applied to 225 industrial companies in Cuenca; the technique and instruments are the survey. The results of this study revealed that companies had reduced their post-pandemic workforce, and to increase their competitiveness, companies have implemented the following strategies: teleworking modality, online sales, marketing strategies, and salary reduction. Thereby, they have achieved the reactivation of companies and recovery of sources of employment.Ítem Acceso Abierto “Análisis económico del impacto de la eliminación de subsidios en Ecuador caso: Gasolina, Diésel y Glp”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Sisalima Shiña, Santiago Andrés; Tinto , Arandes Jaime; 0150085140This research assesses the economic impact of from removing subsidies on fossil fuels (diesel, gasoline, and LPG). In order to evaluate the fluctuations in the prices of production factors as a consequence of removing these subsidies, an ARIMA econometric time-series model is used to make projections of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), an Input-Output Matrix (IPM) of Ecuador with data from the year 2020, and the Leontief production equation, to determine the final demand of Ecuador until the year 2027. Once this is established, fuel subsidies are removed, which generates inflation in the prices of the production elements, affecting intermediate consumption, final demand, and total consumption. Based on these fluctuations, changes in the country's macroeconomic and sectoral indices are determined, establishing a link between the Input-Output Matrix (IPM) and the econometric ARIMA model. IPM is incorporated integrally in the macro model, allowing to solve one based on the other and vice versa.
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