Extensión La Troncal - Enfermería
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis del fracaso en el tratamiento antituberculoso y su incidencia en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Picho Morocho, Eduardo Arturo; Naula Chucay, Luis; 0302257894Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top ten causes of death worldwide, supported by alarming statistics. TB is an ancient disease that has long been a significant cause of serious human diseases, with devastating morbidity and mortality rates. It is characterized by granuloma formation in infected tissues and cell-mediated sensitivity. TB is a global health problem not limited to Third World countries. Developed nations have also recently reported an increase in TB cases, to the extent that TB is among the six infectious diseases declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as life-threatening to humans. Mycobacterium causing TB is an intracellular, non-motile, and non-sporulating facultative anaerobe with a thick cell wall containing high-molecular-weight fatty acids. Airborne transmission depends on various factors, including increased production of infectious particles by the transmitter and enhanced infectivity of certain mycobacterial strains.Ítem Acceso Abierto Factores predisponentes de riesgo de enfermedad cerebro vascular en adultos mayores(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Quintuña Velecela, Joselin Paola; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0302272588Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a significant public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. There are predisposing risk factors that contribute to its occurrence. This study aimed to determine the predisposing risk factors for CVD in older adults, seeking to understand the basic concepts related to the disease and its predisposing factors, perform a documentary analysis, and describe the leading factors that increase the risk of the disease in older adults through a quantitative and analytical literature review. A total of 25 publications from various authors were collected, and eight were selected following the PRISMA method. The results showed that there are non-modifiable risk factors such as older adult age (80%) and male gender (66.4%), as well as modifiable factors such as tobacco use (40.78%), alcohol consumption (64.6%), and preexisting conditions like dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (83.3%), and high blood pressure as the principal risk factor (61.78%). It was concluded that CVD could be prevented by adopting lifestyle changes from an early age, monitoring and medical control of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, promoting self-care, monitoring morbidities, and strengthening preventive activities among older adults.Ítem Acceso Abierto Preeclampsia en adolescentes y sus complicaciones materno- Infantiles(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Orellana Lozado, Lisseth Steffania; Romero Mogrovejo, Luis; 0928934629The literature review allowed us to identify complications that could pose a risk to pregnant adolescents. Additionally, to provide updated information about that issue. This study aimed to identify maternal and infant complications concerning preeclampsia in teenage pregnancies. A systematic review was conducted by searching for information in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Redalyc, SciELO, and the Virtual Health Library of Ecuador, covering the last five years. According to the literature review results, 80 studies were included; however, the construction of a synthesis table employed the 11 most relevant studies related to the thesis topic. The findings indicated that adolescence is indeed a risk factor for developing preeclampsia, and complications such as spontaneous abortions or obstetric hemorrhages, fetal distress, and prematurity are the most common fetal complications.Ítem Acceso Abierto Cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad en la practica de la enfermeria en la atencion primaria de salud: una revision bibliografica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Vivar Melgarejo, Ginger Melissa; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0921251369The nursing profession is primarily dedicated to human care, where the execution of activities and procedures requires extensive knowledge regarding their correct implementation. Biosecurity is fundamental in the daily practice of healthcare. This study aims to determine compliance level with biosecurity measures in nursing practice in Primary Health Care. The qualitative, descriptive, and bibliographic research is based on a documentary review of previous studies by various authors, using relevant databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA Method was applied for analysis and selection, following established inclusion parameters and criteria. Most professionals indicated familiarity with biosecurity recommendations related to Primary Health Care, including using personal protective equipment and nurse-patient safety protocols. The most common biosecurity practices among caregivers are hand washing, using safety barriers usage when handling sharp objects, and waste classification and disposal. However, the availability of knowledge does not guarantee the effective implementation of these biosecurity measures in Primary Health Care, highlighting that some professionals may lack the expected coherent knowledge. Strengthening the acknowledgment of the nursing team and constant monitoring of compliance with biosecurity measures are emphasized.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de la frecuencia de pacientes politraumatizados por accidentes de tránsito en la población adulta(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Barrezueta Rodríguez, Bolívar Fernando; Zambrano, Rosa María; 0302660238This research is focused on health and well-being —particularly within the nursing field— and its role in providing care for patients with polytrauma resulting from traffic accidents. The main objective was to analyze the frequency of polytraumatized patients in the adult population due to traffic accidents. To accomplish this, a comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method, ensuring transparency in addressing the research objectives. The principal findings indicate that the types of polytrauma and their consequences in the adult population can be easily identified based on their frequency and common diagnoses. This gives the study theoretical and statistical relevance to these events that consistently affect the motorized population. Thus, one of the main conclusions is the significant role played by nursing professionals in the various types of polytrauma, primarily caused by traffic accidents. The value of different nursing care theories during the patient's recovery and rehabilitation stages is undeniable. As a final consideration, the application of nursing care models is recommended to significantly improve these patients’ physical and psychological functions and optimize their ability to perform activities outlined in rehabilitation plans.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis del estado nutricional en niños menores de 36 meses de edad(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Inga Bueno, Wilmer Santiago; Zambrano, Rosa María; 0928990555This research is situated within the field of health and well-being, specifically focusing on nursing and nutritional care. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of children under 36 months of age. It employed a qualitative research design with a methodological approach to gather data using the Prism method. The key findings reveal a prevalence of underweight and growth retardation, indicating a malnutrition prevalence among the studied population. The causes of inadequate nutritional status in children under 36 months of age are associated with socioeconomic variables that result in social marginalization, geographical location, food availability, access, and consumption. Similarly, the nutritional status linked to the safety of the environment in which children grow, as well as the feeding practices that can lead to calorie excess or deficiency. Consequently, it is crucial to prioritize public healthcare and assistance to address the nutritional deviations observed in this population group, as negative consequences can affect their growth, development, and learning abilities. It is recommended to implement social intervention programs aimed at improving the educational and cultural background of mothers, particularly regarding hygienic and healthy feeding practices.Ítem Acceso Abierto Incidencia y prevalencia de embarazo en adolescentes(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Merchán Contreras, Rosa Beatriz; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0705686806Adolescence is the period between 10 and 19 years of age. It is characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes, where pregnancy is a public health concern due to its repercussions on the health and maintenance of young women's growth and development process. This documentary review aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of teenage pregnancy using a quantitative, descriptive, analytical, and bibliographic methodology, with a compilation of 29 publications by various authors, 17 of which were selected after the application of the PRISMA method, showing that there is an incidence of early pregnancy of 10.8% and a prevalence of 16.7%. Moreover, predisposing factors to the problem, mainly lack of sex education (74%), besides the early initiation of sexual activity (42%), early cohabitation with a partner (47.8%), lack of access to sexual activity (42%), the lack of access to abortion (47.8%), and the lack of access to health services (47.8%). 8 %), lack of access to contraceptive methods (54.8%), economic level (68.5%), family dysfunction (36.4%), low schooling (41.3%), history of violence (21.6%) and substance abuse (26.7%). It concludes that there is a high incidence and prevalence of teenage pregnancy. Therefore, it recommends strengthening sex education and promoting access to contraceptive methods as the principal health prevention measures.Ítem Acceso Abierto Utilización de la escala de Parkland versus hallazgos ecográficos, en todos pacientes con colecistitis aguda litiásica sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica, bajo revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Abad Ortiz, Veronica Gabriela; Sanango Yumbla, Fabian Alexander; Quinteros Palomeque, Álvaro; 0302434147; 0303160402The Parkland scale makes it possible to assign a grade according to the reflected characteristics, divided into five levels, which they are classified according to the anatomical/inflammatory changes. Increasing Parkland scale severity is significantly associated with the difficulty of surgery, including conversion rates, surgical procedure duration, and incidence of postoperative bile duct leakage. Ultrasounds are a reliable diagnostic method for determining anomalies present in the biliary tract. A poorly performed ultrasound study can lead to complications such as biliary fistula, bleeding, and dense or fibrous adhesions in the Calot's triangle and gallbladder. Individuals at higher risk of undergoing this surgical procedure are males and those with inadequate nutrition. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces hospital stay and postoperative complications, including pain and scarring, incorporating patients back to their daily activities in less time and thus reducing operative mortality.Ítem Acceso Abierto Sobrecarga y calidad de vida en cuidadores de personas con discapacidad(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Buestan Rodriguez, Angelica Lizbeth; Vicuña Palacios, Andrea; 0303004758Considering the needs to be fulfilled for the well-being of caregivers of individuals with disabilities, given the deficiencies observed in altered patterns of perception and management of health, sleep and rest, and cognitive-perceptual impairment, this research aims to focus on the caregiver of a dependent person. The objective is to analyze the factors influencing caregiver burden and quality of life in caregivers of individuals with disabilities. The bibliographic search presents the qualities of the data obtained in each study that have made it possible to achieve the stated objectives. The results reveal factors contributing to caregiver burdens, such as fatigue, lack of sleep, physical and mental activity deficiency due to lack of social contact, low self-esteem, and other related factors. It is concluded that most caregivers dedicate their time to caregiving without possessing qualified knowledge, as evidenced by a significant proportion of caregivers having primary and secondary education levels and lacking an established schedule. Additionally, the review identified that female caregivers are primarily responsible for caregiving, as supported by the reviewed studies, and generally exceed 50 years of age.Ítem Acceso Abierto Nivel de resiliencia en el personal de enfermería frente a la pandemia por COVID 19(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Garcia Rivera, Joselin Antonella; Zambrano, Rosa María; 0302811138Nursing has always been considered the profession closest to the patient, providing direct care and requiring greater strength in adversity. The quality of the work environment in which nurses operate determines their higher stress levels and the scarcity of the workforce concerning their shifts and the duration of their duties. The unexpected and devastating crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the impact of emergencies on mental health and their influence on the psychosocial well-being of healthcare professionals and first responders. Thus, this research aims to determine the level of resilience in nursing personnel dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic through a systematic literature review. After an intensive search in various databases, 325 references were found, and after a selection process focused on the exclusion criteria of "resilience," "nursing personnel," and "COVID-19," 20 studies were chosen. It is observed that most of the scientific research found and analyzed exhibits descriptive and qualitative methodologies conducted in various hospitals in the country and other locations outside Ecuador. These studies provided evidence that nursing personnel has successfully adapted to these challenging circumstances, demonstrating a high level of resilience that enables them to effectively manage these situations while maintaining balanced mental health.Ítem Acceso Abierto Bioseguridad y calidad en los servicios de salud en el personal de enfermería(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Narvaez Acosta, Ninfa Dayanna; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0957290398Biosafety is a set of protocols implemented in hospitals and healthcare centers where infectious agents that can cause severe or potentially lethal diseases are frequently handled. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to analyze the adaptation of biosafety measures and compliance with regulations among nursing personnel. The research was conducted under a qualitative approach, extracting concepts and knowledge based on experience and analyzing results focused on biosafety. A literature search was conducted in the Google Scholar database. There were 20 documents, including scientific articles and theses. The studies were carried out over the last five years in various regions of Ecuador. The findings indicate that biosafety measures primarily encompass hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, and solid waste management. It can be concluded that biosafety measures are most commonly applied in intensive care settings and have been extensively studied in the context of the ongoing pandemic.Ítem Acceso Abierto Secuelas patológicas del covid-19 en Latinoamérica a partir de una revisión documental(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Cadme Llerena, Diana Carolina; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0302954490This research is framed within the study of health and well-being, specifically Nursing. The general objective of this study was to compile the pathological sequelae of COVID-19 in Latin America through a comprehensive documentary review. For this purpose, a qualitative and analytical approach was employed, involving an extensive review of theoretical references through the PRISMA technique known as "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses." The inclusion criteria used were publications related to the pathological sequelae of COVID-19 in Latin America, covering the period from 2020 to 2022. The main results found were that the common symptoms are difficulty breathing, fatigue, fever, headache, dry cough, loss of sense of smell and taste, and general malaise with muscle pain and sore throat. Whereas the sequelae vary according to the individual’s state of health, the effects are often maintained for long periods, even after overcoming the disease. The conclusions indicate that COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the quality of life of people in Latin America; therefore, adaptation, emotional support, and rehabilitation are necessary for integral recovery, and for this purpose, it is essential to improve care and rehabilitation procedures to improve the quality of life and definitive recovery of those affected.Ítem Acceso Abierto Factores predisponentes en preeclampsia y eclampsia en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Muñoz Loor, Lisett Moncerrate; Castro Alcocer, Gabriel; 0302559216Preeclampsia and eclampsia are conditions associated with high blood pressure that can trigger severe complications during pregnancy in about 7% to 10% of gestating women. These complications can manifest as headache, blurred vision, edema, and hemolysis and can even result in maternal-fetal death. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to identify the predisposing factors for preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant women in Ecuador. A systematic review was conducted to achieve this purpose by using the PRISMA statement. Various information portals were employed, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Redalyc, SciELO, and the Virtual Library of Health Ecuador. In this study, 15 studies from the last five years helped to obtain reliable information. Thus, the results demonstrated that the predisposing factors of preeclampsia and eclampsia are related to economic, social, and psychological aspects.Ítem Acceso Abierto Factores de riesgo que predisponen a la diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en el embarazo(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-08) Espinoza Quinteros, María Cecilia; Castro Alcocer, Gabriel; 0302463179Through the conducted bibliographic review, it was able to discern a range of predisposing risk factors contributing to the development of gestational type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study also provides up-to-date and focused insights into the subject matter. The central objective of this thesis was to ascertain the principal risk factors contributing to the susceptibility of gestational type 2 diabetes mellitus. To achieve this goal, an exhaustive search was conducted across diverse websites and scholarly journals, including Scielo, Redalyc, Medigraphic, Dspace, Scopus, Dialnet, the Ecuadorian Virtual Health Library, as well as publications disseminated by the World Health Organization, among others. The accumulated information underwent systematic scrutiny, leading to the inclusion of 146 pertinent studies. Through meticulous analysis, a table was compiled featuring the nine most pivotal studies aligned with thematic analysis. This compilation delineated predisposing factors for the development of gestational type 2 diabetes mellitus, encompassing elements such as familial history of diabetes mellitus, maternal age exceeding 30 years, maternal body mass index surpassing 25, obstetric history, and ethnic background.Ítem Acceso Abierto Estilos de vida en pacientes con hipertensión en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-08) Bustamante Paucar, Magaly Elizabeth; Castro Alcocer, Gabriel; 1719960187The following investigation pertains to the quality of life among individuals with arterial hypertension in Ecuador. This study aims to analyze the quality of life and dietary habits as possible risk factors contributing to the disease’s progression. A literature review was conducted to explore the subject matter under study, specifically the lifestyles of hypertensive patients in Ecuador, using a qualitative research approach. An exhaustive document research was conducted on the Google Scholar website, selecting articles from the last five years and carried out in the study country to meet the search parameters. The analysis incorporated 24 papers comprising scientific articles and theses. The findings underscored an increase in risk factors with advancing age. Similarly, it established a strong correlation between sedentary lifestyle and excessive consumption of salt and junk food, with arterial hypertension prevalence. Therefore, it was concluded that the quality of life for each individual depends on the time allocated to engage in physical activities or exercise, along with a prudent dietary regimen adoption.Ítem Acceso Abierto Complicaciones en embarazo asociadas a infección de vías urinarias.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-08) Palomino González, Katherine Elizabeth; Castro Alcocer, Gabriel; 0302210943Urinary tract infections (UTIs), with a higher incidence in pregnant women, occur when bacteria enter the bladder or kidney, leading to asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis. This research aims to identify pregnancy complications associated with urinary tract infections by gathering information from scientific sources through a bibliographic, analytical, and quantitative study. Thirteen documents were collected for this research, including 4 from Dialnet, 3 from Scopus, 1 from PubMed, 1 from Redalyc, and 1 from SciELO. After applying the PRISMA method, the results showed a correct follow-up process in 96.2% of pregnancies. The incidence of UTIs was 14%. The most commonly implicated germ was Escherichia coli, with an incidence of over 45%, followed by Klebsiella with 27%. In conclusion, the causative agent of UTIs, E. coli, suggests that ampicillin is the preferred treatment during pregnancy.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluar la calidad de vida y manejo de las emociones relacionado con la salud en los pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-01) Calle Díaz, Jessica Janina; Martínez Vicuña, Enriqueta; 2100787296The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2020, 9.9 million people worldwide were registered with tuberculosis (TB), including 5.5 million men, 3.3 million women, and 1.1 million infants. This thesis aims to assess the quality of life and healthrelated emotional management in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). For this purpose, a methodology based on a documentary review of records and reports from reliable sources, including the WHO and the Ministry of Public Health (MSP for its Spanish acronym) was used. In addition, papers from internationally indexed databases (SCOPUS, Scielo, ScienceDirect, among others) were utilized. The results found that the relevant risk factors related to this condition correspond to body weight (73% of cases), nutritional factors (30% of cases), alcoholism and smoking at 50.53% and 55.85%, respectively. In the emotional status, patients with PTB are associated with conditions such as anxiety, depression, psychological support, alcoholism, emotional problems, energy/fatigue, among others. The prevalence in patients with PTB in countries such as China, Colombia, Ecuador, Russia, and India is given by the average age of 50 years for men, while in women little less than 49 years. Regarding gender, there is no defined prevalence, but it varies from 50 to 67% in males and between 30 and 50% in females.Ítem Acceso Abierto Efectos psicológicos de la pandemia Covid-19(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-10) Nolivos Rivera, Génesis Danelly; Zambrano Garcés, Rosa María; 0953049749This research belongs to the field of Nursing and aims to analyze the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing professionals. A qualitative study was conducted using the PRISMA tool, with inclusion criteria focused on examining articles from scientific journals related to the topic, which were observed through documentary analysis. The main findings from this document review indicate that the causes of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing professionals are fear of contagion, death, and isolation. The main psychological effects identified are fatigue, post-traumatic and work-related stress, sadness, anger, and frustration. One of the findings highlights the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and the psychological distress it causes in nurses, showing that fear and exposure to COVID-19 are closely linked variables. The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant physical, emotional, and psychological consequences on nursing professionals, impacting their ability to react in high-risk infection situations. Therefore, the main recommendations include designing prevention strategies and targeted therapies for nursing personnel following this type of situation.Ítem Acceso Abierto Factores que influyen en la hipertensión arterial en adultos en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-10) Uyaguari Correa, Andrea Lisseth; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0929789139Hypertension is a long-term health condition that affects many people around the world. It has a relevant impact on public health because it is becoming more common. Many factors contribute to the development of hypertension. This documentary review aimed to determine the factors influencing arterial hypertension among adults in Ecuador. It will seek to identify its prevalence, the main risk factors, and their relationship with the development of the disease. A quantitative, descriptive, and bibliographic methodology was carried out. Forty-five studies authored by various scholars from established databases were collected. Subsequently, the PRISMA method was used, and 13 research studies were selected and analyzed. Findings reveal a notable predominance of hypertension within a group of young adults (9.2%); as people age, the prevalence of hypertension increases, and it is particularly high among the elderly population (58.47%) with immutable risk factors, such as age (63.73%), male gender (53.9%), and family history of hypertension (45.5%), as well as mutable determinants including obesity (42.65%), suboptimal dietary patterns (47%), alcohol consumption (23.53%), and hypercholesterolemia (27.94%). There is evidence of a statistically significant relationship between arterial hypertension and these risk factors, concluding that the higher the risk factors, the greater the predisposition for developing the condition. It is recommended to strengthen health promotion activities, self-care, and lifestyle modification from an early age.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de los factores de riesgo en pacientes diabéticos adultos.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-25) Carranza Anzules, María José; Dolores Quizphi, Deicy; 0604663120In the field of healthcare, understanding the risk factors in adult diabetic patients is of paramount importance, as this population faces particular challenges due to the complex interaction between their condition and various elements of their lifestyle. Therefore, the overall objective is to analyze the risk factors in adult diabetic patients. To this end, the methodology employed was qualitative and analytical, through the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) method; it was a documentary research to gather, analyze, and synthesize reliable information from various sources, using bibliographic analysis techniques. Among the key findings, there is an emphasis that the factors that should constantly raise awareness for the development of diabetes in adults include overweight, obesity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), sedentary lifestyle, age, and family history. Furthermore, the value of paying significant attention to these modifiable factors, such as daily routines and habits that can positively influence disease control, is underscored. The conclusion emphasizes that risk factors play a crucial role in the onset of diabetes in older adults. The research highlighted that patients’ lack of self-care awareness hinders preventive measures. It underscores the urgency of promoting awareness and modifying daily routines to enhance disease control and improve overall quality of life.
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