Factores socioambientales, psicológicos y culturales que influyen la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes universitarios.

Abstract

Introduction: The transition to university life involves significant lifestyle changes, increased autonomy, and responsibilities, which influence students' eating behavior and increase the risk of developing eating disorders (EDs). Objective: To analyze the socio-environmental, psychological, and cultural factors that influence the eating behavior of university students, both pathological and non- pathological. Method: A descriptive and qualitative literature review of articles published between 2019 and 2024 in Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO databases was conducted. Development: The findings revealed irregular eating patterns, such as low consumption of fruits and vegetables, high intake of ultra-processed foods, and skipping meals, which are associated with psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, social and cultural pressure exacerbates these behaviors, while a lack of self-management skills in eating habits and supporting systems contributes to these problems. Conclusion: The results show that socio-environmental factors, such as the influence of social pressure and family dynamics, affect the eating behaviors of university students, favoring unhealthy behaviors. At the psychological level, anxiety, stress, and body dissatisfaction are key factors in the development of eating disorders. In addition, cultural factors, such as body image expectations and changes in eating habits due to adaptation to a new environment, significantly impact eating behavior.