Aspectos socioculturales: familias, pares, redes sociales y su influencia en la imagen corporal en adolescentes: una revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Introduction. Body image is a crucial component of psychological development during adolescence, a stage marked by physical, emotional, and social changes that increase vulnerability to sociocultural influences. In this context, factors such as family, peers, and the media—especially social media—influence the perception and evaluation of one’s own body. Objective: To analyze the influence of sociocultural factors—family, peers, and the media—on body image development in adolescents based on recent scientific literature. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive literature review was conducted through a systematic search of academic databases, including Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Open-access studies published primarily between 2015 and 2025 related to body image, adolescence, and sociocultural factors were selected, applying previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The reviewed studies showed that family dynamics, particularly parental comments about weight and appearance, were associated with greater body dissatisfaction and psychological distress. Similarly, peer influence manifests through social comparison, peer pressure, and the search for acceptance. Furthermore, the media and social media promoted the internalization of difficult-to-achieve aesthetic ideals and reinforced appearance-based comparisons. Conclusion: The interaction between family, peers, and digital media emerged as a key factor in body image development during adolescence, highlighting the need to promote educational and preventive strategies that encourage a healthy relationship with one’s body.