Actualización en el manejo de fracturas abiertas

Abstract

Open fractures are injuries that constitute a challenge for the physician due to their high risk of complications; their utmost percentage occurs in middle-aged male populations, with 90% resulting from high-impact traumas such as traffic accidents. The most affected areas are the tibia, fibula, and femur. Opportunely managing this type of fracture means a better prognosis in the patient's evolution. Objective: To investigate updates in open fracture management at the clinical level to facilitate the physician's accurate clinical approach. Method: This literature review has a qualitative, retrospective, and descriptive approach. The methodology was based on the PRISMA 2020 guide and the "Zotero" bibliographic manager. Data were gathered from scientific sources and prominent digital databases from the past five years. Conclusions: The studies emphasize the importance of several updates in open fracture management, including the use of systemic, local, and endomedullary antibiotic treatment, wound care employing negative pressure, pain scale management, antitetanus prophylaxis, and wound culture and debridement, all of which play a critical role in preventing infections.