Intervenciones de enfermería en adolescentes con desórdenes alimenticios. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, represent a health problem that affects the physical, psychological, and social levels of adolescents. Nurses play a key role in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To describe nursing interventions in adolescents with eating disorders reported in the literature through a systematic review based on the PRISMA protocol from the past five years. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA framework. Databases consulted included Dialnet, Elsevier, SciELO, PubMed, MDPI, and Springer.eSH and DeCS descriptors were used combined with Boolean operators. Inclusion criteria were applied:(2018-2024, open-access availability, full-text articles, and content in Spanish or English). Results: Most studies reported a predominance of female adolescents and ages between 13 to 17 years. Nursing interventions identified included nutritional education, psychosocial therapy, emotional support, family participation, clinical monitoring, and the use of NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC taxonomies. In binge eating disorder, greater use of group and digital modalities was observed. Conclusion: Nursing interventions for adolescents with EDs require a comprehensive, individualized approach to each diagnosis, combining clinical, educational, and family strategies to promote recovery and prevent relapses Keywords: Eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, nursing care