Causas y consecuencias del síndrome de burnout en deportistas de alto rendimiento.

Abstract

This research focuses on burnout syndrome and its occurrence in high-performance athletes. Its objective was to identify the causes and consequences of this syndrome and the related risk factors. A bibliographic analysis was conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, using scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, and PubMed, descriptors such as burnout, prolonged stress, high-performance athlete, causes, and consequences. The results show that burnout syndrome affects young athletes, both men and women, and leads to adverse physical and psychological effects, such as illness, injuries, dissatisfaction, and reduced performance. In the case of athletes with disabilities, the impact of burnout can be even more severe. Several risk factors were identified, including competitive pressure, an authoritarian coaching style, lack of time for recovery, negative interactions, and a lack of social support. On the other hand, resilience and optimism can act as protective factors.