Estrés laboral en profesionales de enfermería

Abstract

Abstract Job stress in nursing is characterized by a physiological and psychological problem since the human being tries to adapt to internal and external pressures of exhaustion of the organism at work. Objective: To conduct a literature review on work stress in nursing professionals. Methodology: A structured bibliographic review was carried out in the following scientific databases: Scopus, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, and Scielo obtaining a total of 51 scientific documents. Results: The countries with the highest prevalence of occupational stress in nursing professionals are: Egypt in 5 governmental hospitals followed by Spain and Saudi Arabia; the associated factors are: lack of staff, working hours, problem among colleagues, parenting and risk of infection, the hospital areas with the highest prevalence of work stress are: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), followed by Emergency, Urgent Care, Neonatology and Gynecology; within the consequences were identified: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, sleep disorder, depression, anxiety, and job abandonment, therefore nursing staff can prevent stress through emotional and social support, appropriate rewards and relaxation techniques. Conclusions: The prevalence of stress is high (over 30%), and the most important factors that originate stress are: lack of staff and work overload, as well as: the area with the highest stress is the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the consequences such as emotional exhaustion and depression can be prevented through health promotion with their respective application techniques.

Keywords: Prevalence, Work Stress, Consequences, Associated Factors, Prevention, Hospital Areas and Nursing.