Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes alcoholicos basados en los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon

Abstract

Alcoholism is a disease considered as an addiction characterized by the excessive intake of alcoholic beverages, generating a dependence on the substance. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review on nursing interventions in alcoholic patients based on Marjory Gordo's functional patterns. Methodology: A descriptive bibliographic review of articles indexed in scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Redalyc, Elsevier, Dialnet, between 2017 and 2021 was performed. Results: Alcohol consumption in Ecuador is approximately 5.10%, the sex that is mostly affected is male, as the main factor for its consumption is age, family conflicts, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and easy access to alcoholic beverages. The treatment consists of a therapeutic approach that can be of 3 types: short, medium, and long term, within these we have behavioral therapies and motivational therapy. The complications presented by alcoholic patients are at the physical, psychological, and social levels, thus altering the 11 functional patterns of Marjory Gordon, resulting in a complete deterioration of health, both physical and psychosocial: Alcoholism consumption is a chronic disease with greater consequences and problematic in the world, it is known as one of the primary problems of public health due to normalization, it is necessary to investigate interventions and recognize the role of nursing in the prevention and care to patients suffering from this chronic disease.