Desarrollo de tratamientos experimentales para pacientes con retinosis pigmentaria

Abstract

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a slow and progressive disease of hereditary origin that affects the photoreceptors of the retina and then the cones. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that nearly 1.3 billion people affected by some type of visual impairment worldwide. The prevalence is 1 case in 4000 inhabitants, and the age of onset is from childhood to adulthood. It is the first cause of blindness of genetic origin, frequent in men with a percentage of 60% and 40% in women. There is a great lack of information on this pathology in the world, mainly on the existing treatments for this disease, so this bibliographic review aims to update on existing treatments or under study, also informs the limitations of each of these therapies. This review of scientific literature was carried out by consulting databases such as PubMed and Scielo, the search will be limited to articles from 2018 to 2022. There are several types of therapy in studies: gene therapy, transcorneal electrical stimulation, use of neuroprotectors, optogenic therapy, stem cell transplants and oligonucleotide therapy, which will be discussed in this article, both their benefits and the existing barriers in each treatment. experimental. In conclusion, each of these therapies promises a viable treatment in the future for selective groups of people with retinitis pigmentosa, however, most of these therapies have shown benefit at the beginning of the disease, losing their efficacy in the long term.