Reporte de Caso: Neuromielitis Óptica

Abstract

The case of a 25-year-old woman with Neuromyelitis Optica, also known as Devic's disease, is presented. This is a rare autoimmune condition that affects the Central Nervous System, specifically the optic nerves and spinal cord. This condition is characterized by sudden loss of visual acuity and motor problems. The patient meets the diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica due to signs of myelopathy and acute amaurosis. The decision is made to initiate treatment by interrupting the pregnancy and subsequently administering methylprednisolone in bolus doses. However, due to the lack of improvement, biological therapy, specifically Rituximab, is chosen. Rituximab, classified as a monoclonal antibody against CD20, is considered an important option when the first-line treatment is ineffective and has shown positive results from the first dose. The aim of the research is to determine the clinical and therapeutic profile of patients diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica. It is concluded that the patient suffers from Neuromyelitis Optica, exhibiting both visual and motor symptoms, with a disability level of 18 points according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Despite receiving intravenous methylprednisolone treatment, her progress has been unfavorable. However, after completing the treatment cycle, a significant improvement in her clinical condition is observed, reflected in a final EDSS score of 8 points.