Prevalencia de recidiva de cáncer en pacientes sometidas a cirugía oncoplástica conservadora de mama

Abstract

Cancer recurrence contemplates a scenario in which the pathology reappears in the patient's organism after receiving a particular treatment and after a certain period in which it could not be detected. Objective: To determine the prevalence level of cancer recurrence in patients undergoing breast-conserving oncoplastic surgery. Methodology: This research consists of a descriptive systematic review with a qualitative approach based on 49 publications obtained from scientific search engines such as Scopus, LILACS, Redalyc, PubMed, Web of Science, and SciELO. Results: Worldwide, it is estimated that 30% of patients who underwent conservative oncoplastic surgery suffered from disease recurrence. In Spain, the recurrence percentage fluctuates between 11% and 21%, while in Latin America, it averages 18% to 25% five years after surgery. It denotes skin necrosis, hematomas, seromas, and infections among the main postoperative complications. The risk factors are age (when the person is 50 years old or younger), smoking, obesity, complementary treatments, histological grade, and the size evidenced by the tumor. Conclusions: The technique used depends on the tumor’s size and location. Any alteration requires that the breast have a specific volume, which is why, in many cases, patients with small breasts show few beneficial results. Furthermore, they emphasize the aesthetic result and show a minimal risk of postoperative complications.