Apoyo social percibido y su relación con la ideación suicida en adolescentes: una revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Introduction. Adolescence has been identified as a stage of high emotional vulnerability, during which suicidal ideation has emerged as serious public health issue. In this regard, social support has been considered a key protective factor against several psychosocial risks. Objective. To analyze the available scientific evidence on the relationship between perceived social support and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Methodology. A narrative literature review was conducted using a descriptive-relational approach. The search was carried out in high-impact databases, considering studies published between 2020 and 2025 in adolescent populations. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to identify relevant findings. Results. Findings showed that there is an inverse relationship between perceived social support and suicidal ideation, while isolation, family conflicts, and bullying increased the risk. Furthermore variables such as anxiety, depression, and self-esteem were found to mediate this relationship. Conclusion. Perceived social support was found to be a key protective factor against suicidal ideation in adolescents, although its effect depended on emotional variables and contextual factors. Additionally, the need to strengthen support networks and conduct longitudinal research to further deepen the understanding of this phenomenon was highlighted.