La migración parental y sus consecuencias biopsicosociales en la niñez media.

Abstract

Parental migration is when one or both parents move to a place other than their usual place of residence, creating contexts of high vulnerability in children that are harmful in the long term (PAHO, 2022). This research aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial alterations caused by parental migration in middle childhood. This study was bibliographic with a qualitative approach and descriptive scope. The data were analyzed according to the specific objectives, addressing physical, psychological, and social problems. The results show that parental migration at the physical level generates poor nutrition and growth delays (Tian et al., 2018); high-risk accidents (Chen et al., 2019); and food insecurity that makes them prone to generate different diseases (Yang & Liu, 2020). At the psychological level, high rates of anxiety (Martinez, 2021); decreased self-esteem (Tamayo et al., 2020); negative effects on resilience (Dong et al., 2019); depression, and emotional conflicts due to the stress of being separated from their parents (Yue et al., 2020) were found. Finally, in the social field, it was evidenced that these children are predisposed to violence by their occasional caregivers (Chen & Ho, 2022); which contributes to current delinquent behaviors (Jin et al., 2020); rejection, and physical violence (Lam & Yeoh, 2019); poor academic performance and victimization (Marchetta & Sim, 2021); due to family separation and lack of parental control.